Megarian" bowls from Tell Atrib

“Megarian” Bowls from tell atrib anna Południkiewicz Polish Centre of Mediterranean archaeology, University of Warsaw the site of ancient athribis, a leading urban center in the nile Delta and capital of the tenth egyptian nome, is situated in what is today the locality of tell atrib on the outskirts of modern Benha. its location on a major trade route between africa, asia and europe fostered commercial exchange on a large and varied scale. it comes as no surprise therefore that excavations by a Polish-egyptian archaeological mission (Karol Myśliwiec, in Tell Atrib 2000) in a district of the ancient town around Kom sidi Youssef yielded a rich collection of imported ceramic vessels from various parts of the ancient world. the pottery material excavated between 1969 and 1999 included a group of 16 vessels which go under the designation of “Megarian” bowls.1 these small molded bowls with relief decoration constituted a luxury ware of the Hellenistic period that is sometimes referred to today as the “China of antiquity”. Despite their fragmentary character, the finds from tell atrib deserve interest as material for comparative pottery studies. Hemispherical “Megarian” bowls were produced from the 3rd to the 1st century BC. they were molded and the decorative elements, such as astragalus, cymatium, meander, beads, floral, figural etc. were printed on the inner part of the mold with a die. according to Pollitt (2006: 256), “the earliest types were decorated with floral design — usually a rosette in the form of a medallion at the bottom of the vase and a series of lotus or palm leaves stretching upward from the medallion along the outside of the vessel. later they came to be decorated with figural scenes illustrating a variety of myths and legends, including episodes from epic poetry”. When the mold was ready, well levigated clay was pressed into it and then turned on the wheel to achieve a smooth inside wall and edge with rim. Once it had dried, the bowl was removed from the mold and slipped (Baur 1941: 245–246). the bowls had no foot, the idea being, according to one theory, to place them upside down once the liquid had been drained, so that the entire decoration was visible (Garbsch 1993). Pollitt (2006: 256), suggests that these bowls derived from well known bowls from achaemenid Persia, although the prototypes appear to have come from athens. the earliest dated examples of such bowls came from athens, but this kind was produced also elsewhere in the Hellenistic world, mainly in the eastern Mediterranean. the name is derived from the town of Megara, where this type of vessels was first identified. Other centers have been demonstrated in the meantime to have produced much larger quantities of this particular type of pottery, but the name “Megarian” has remained as a kind of trademark among specialists. Other names, like hemitomos (edwards 1956: 83–84), have not earned recognition. in Greek-language publications the term used is skyphos, although, this term is also used for other types of bowls. 1 Classica Orientalia 425 Anna Południkiewicz the group presented in this article, counting 16 fragments from Polish excavations in tell atrib, have been classified as “Megarian” by the shape, which is typical of this category. the rim diameter ranged between 10 and 17 cm, being mostly 13 cm. the decoration largely followed well known patterns. the rim, where preserved, was plain. the two fragments in this group characterized by an everted and decorated rim have been included in this group based on the decoration and the fabric. the decoration on the body comprises a band of ornament below the rim, which can be divided into a number of groups, and the body ornament which in the case of the tell atrib bowls brings some interesting variants. it, too, can be subdivided into groups. the material has been grouped according to decoration types, not chronological attribution. the first three variants of decoration distinguished followed a typical pattern of decoration. Five sherds (catalogue nos 1–5) formed the first variant characterized by a plain rim, a band of egg-and-dart cymatium (in one case, catalogue no. 5, fairly schematic) and a band of floral ornament below. the egg-and-dart motif, which is one of the most frequent on molded relief ceramics, could be observed as a second line of the ornament on catalogue no. 10. the lesbian cymatium motif (on catalogue no. 6) can also be included in this group. the second variant (catalogue nos 7–9) differed from the first in that it had a band of swastikas forming a meander instead of the cymatium. the third variant (comprising catalogue nos 10 and 11) had a row of astragalus setting off the rim from the body, while the body ornament comprised other motifs and imbricated leaves. the astragalus can be observed also on catalogue no. 6, in the lower register. the imbricated leaves emerging from a rosette on the bottom of our catalogue no. 12 place this sherd also in this group. there is also a single example with zoned decoration (catalogue no. 13), where a scrolling vegetal motif constitutes the first zone of the decoration. another singular example is catalogue no. 14, where the main motif of a net and dolphins appears below a set of grooves in the upper part of the bowl body. the last group is composed of two atypical bowls (catalogue nos 15 and 16), both thrown on the wheel and decorated with a roulette ornament. Parallels to the presented material suggest an asia Minor provenance for the assemblage, narrowed down to the region of ionia. these parallels can be dated to the 2nd century BC, while the tell atrib bowls have been recorded from stratigraphically undisturbed layers containing also coins, pottery stamps, ceramics and other finds. Of these, seven fragments (catalogue nos 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11) come from an archaeological context dated independently to the second half of the 3rd and beginning of 2nd century BC. three bowls have been placed in the turn of the 2nd / 1st century BC context (catalogue nos 7, 8, 15). the remaining six are traced back to disturbed contexts (catalogue nos 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16). it is because of this rich stratigraphic story, coming from rich and undisturbed finds, that the “Megarian” bowls from tell atrib constitute such excellent comparative material for finds made elsewhere. 426 Classica Orientalia “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib Catalogue 1. Bowl fragment H. 4.5 cm, W. 3.5 cm, Dia. rim 12 cm Compact clay (5 Yr 5/8 yellowish red) speckled thickly with mica. red/light brown glossy slip. Plain rim, one groove, two bead lines framing a band of egg-and-dart cymatium. Crack visible, probably owing to careless pressing of the clay into the mold, covered with slip; below vegetal scroll. archaeological context: late 3rd/early 2nd century BC: pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib i 2000: nos 6, 42, 63) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib ii 2009: no. 18). Parallels: rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995: 375, Pl. 18,4, and 394, south syrian/north Palestinian; Grzegrzółka 2010: 2-52, 2-26 from ephesus, 2nd century BC, and 117-101, 117-282 from asia Minor, Pergamon, 2nd century BC, acanthus. 2. Bowl fragment 3 x 3.5 cm, Dia. rim 10 cm Clay (2,5 Yr 5/6 red) with few mica inclusion; slip red-brown on interior, rim edge and exterior with graphite gray marks. Plain rim with traces of seam joining it to the body; below egg-and-dart cymatium. archaeological context: end of 3rd/first half of 2nd century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib i 2000: nos 20, 70, 98, 105, 106) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib ii 2009: no. 58). Parallels: rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995: 369–371, ionian origin, 2nd century BC. 1 2 Classica Orientalia 427 Anna Południkiewicz 3 4 5 3 428 Classica Orientalia 4 “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib 3. Bowl fragment H. 3 cm, l. 5 cm, rim dia 13 cm. Clay dense, 2,5 Yr 6/4 light reddish-brown, very fine. Black glossy slip on outer surface, inside mat. Clay with tiny lime particles, mica and a little black particles. Plain rim, two grooves, an egg-and-dart cymatium to right and bead line below it. archaeological context: late 3rd/early 2nd century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib i 2000: nos 6, 42, 63) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib ii 2009: no. 18). Parallels: rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995: 369–371, probably ionian in origin, 2nd century BC. 4. Bowl fragment Dia. rim 14.8 cm Compact clay (5 Yr 6/3 light reddish brown), slight mica and lime particles, evenly fired. exterior bright light red, slightly glossy. straight plain rim, below egg-and-dart cymatium between doubled relief lines. archaeological context: late 3rd and 2nd century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib 2000: nos 28, 35, 47, 89, 139, 169) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib 2009: nos 39, 58, chiefly coins of Ptolemy Vi). Parallels: rosenthal-Heginbottom 1995: 369–371, ionian origin, 2nd century BC. 5. Bowl fragment Dia. rim 13 cm Fine-grained clay, slightly porous, fired beige, occasional larger grains of muscovite and biotite. interior dull red, slip worn. Yellowish slip on exterior. slightly flaring plain rim; below egg-and-dart cymatium, simple and schematic in form, between bead lines, relief line separating this band from a band of presumed floral ornament below. archaeological context: mixed surface layer. 6. Bowl fragment 3.3 x 3.3 cm Cream-pinkish clay, surface light brown-reddish, slightly glossy. Fragment. Body sherd with a band of rosettes, lesbian cymatium and astragalus, separated by grooves. archaeological context: from mid 3rd to mid 2nd century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib 2000: nos 31, 46, 86, 109, 130) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib 2009: nos 58, 41, 42, 39, 43, 59). Parallels: Bowl, ionia, 2nd century BC, without astragalus (Grzegrzółka 2010: 56, no. 29, figure on 263). 6 Classica Orientalia 429 Anna Południkiewicz 7 8 7 8 430 Classica Orientalia “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib 7. Bowl fragment 6.2 x 9.2 cm, rim dia. 13 cm Fine-grained clay, mica, tiny lime particles, compact, dense, well fired; break red on the exterior, brown inside (5 Yr 6/3 light reddish brown). Black slip on the upper part, going inside 1 cm, dark orange slip on the lower part outside (leaves) and inside. slip worn off the edge of the rim. Crack between two rosettes formed before slip was applied. Plain rim, band of meander composed of alternating swastika motifs and small squares, below a band of seven-petaled rosettes. Body below the ornamental bands decorated with imbricated leaves featuring a relief spine line. all registers separated by relief lines. archaeological context: 2nd–1st century BC, based on coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib 2009: nos 71, 22). Parallels: Grzegrzółka 2010: 54-70, 54-269, ionia, 2nd century BC, 74-81, 74-274, ionia, 2nd century BC. Publication: Myśliwiec, Południkiewicz 2003: Color plate 9.12. 8. Bowl fragment 4.4 x 11 cm, Dia. rim 13 cm Beige clay, homogeneous break, well levigated. Brown glossy slip, slightly paler in color and dulled on the inside, unevenly darker on the outside. Bowl fragment with wide straight rim, separated from body by two relief lines; below a band of geometrical ornament in the form of an apparent meander with swastika motifs separated by small squares with marked diagonals. Decoration on the body comprising a row of erotes and boys running to right, with their heads in frontal position. all wear a kind of flat hat. the erotes have their right hand on the hip, while the alternating boys wield a club upright in the right hand and hold what looks like a shield in the left. archaeological context: 2nd–1st century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib 2000: nos 27, 214, 215) and coins from the rule of Ptolemy Vi, 2nd century BC (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib 2009: no. 58). Parallels: laumonier 1977: Pls 119:1359+9302, 120:3331. a similar motif of running erotes on bowls from Delos, probably from the 3rd century BC; Baur 1941: 236, no. 203, Fig. 4, Pl. Xi, 1913–203. Publication: K. Myśliwiec, in Tell Atrib 2009: Pl. XXiV,5. 9. Bowl fragment H. 3.8 cm, W. 3.6 cm, rim dia 12 cm. Clay (2,5 Yr 6/4 light reddish-brown), some vegetal inclusions, lime particles; black slip both sides, mat. Fabric similar to catalogue no. 1. Fragment. everted plain rim, band of swastika meander with squares, lower band of rosettes. archaeological context: mixed surface layer. Parallels: Grzegrzółka 2010: 54-70, 54-269, ionia, 2nd century BC; 74-81, 74-274 ionia, 2nd century BC. 9 Classica Orientalia 431 Anna Południkiewicz 10 11 432 Classica Orientalia “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib 10. Bowl fragment H. 5.4 m, W. 6.5 m Fine clay tempered with mica, clean, red-brown with brownish staining. Plain rim separated from the body by profiling; below it, three bands of decoration, the first comprising oval elements (astragalus) to right, the second a cymatium egg-and-dart and the third a row of eight-petaled rosettes with rhomboid petals inscribed into a square. Bands of decoration separated by relief lines. archaeological context: late 3rd–first half of 2nd century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło, in Tell Atrib 2000, nos 20, 70, 98, 105, 106) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska, in Tell Atrib 2009: no. 58). Parallels: Grzegrzółka 2010: 155–118, 155–292, ionia, 2nd century BC. 11. Bowl fragment 3.5 x 6.5 cm, Dia. rim 13 cm Fine-grained clay, large quantities of mica, quartz sand and lime particles; homogeneous break (2.5 Yr 6/8-5/8 light red–red); an exterior slip red-brown, interior dark red/orangish. slightly everted plain rim, thickened slightly below the edge relative to vessel wall; below ornamental band comprising oval elements bulging in the middle and narrowing at the ends (astragalus), separated by relief lines on either side, deformed slightly, perhaps while attaching the rim; body walls decorated with a pattern of imbricated leaves with spine lines. archaeological context: late 3rd–first half of 2nd century BC, based on pottery stamps (Z. sztetyłło in Tell Atrib 2000, nos 26, 49) and coins (a. Krzyżanowska in Tell Atrib 2009: nos 6, 58). 12. Bowl fragment l. 4.5 cm, W. 3 cm, Dia. ring base 3.4 cm Clay (5 Yr 5/4 reddish brown) compact; black slip. Bottom of bowl decorated with a central rosette composed of alternately rounded and lanceolate petals, set inside a relief ring, in the form of a medallion. lower part of body adorned with imbricated leaves, each one with a spine lines. archaeological context: mixed surface layer. Parallels: Grzegrzółka 2010: 3-36, 3-243, ephesus, 2nd century BC; 8,9-40, 8,9-248,249, ionia, second half of 2nd century BC. 12 Classica Orientalia 433 Anna Południkiewicz 13 14 13 434 Classica Orientalia 14 “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib 13. Bowl fragment 4.5 x 3 cm, Dia. rim 12 cm Clay (2,5 Yr 5/6–5 Yr 6/4 red and light reddish brown) with large quantities of mica; exterior and rim edge on both sides fired black, interior pale brown. Plain rim, band of floral decoration with a fine scroll and below it fragmentarily preserved ornament, possibly a human figure (eros?). archaeological context: mixed surface layer. Parallels: Grzegrzółka 2010: 41–62, 41–266, ionia, 2nd century BC, vine and voluted tendrils; 285–176, 285–320, ionia, 2nd century BC, 286–177, 286–320, ionia, 2nd century BC. 14. Bowl fragment 6 x 7 cm, Dia. rim 13 cm Fine-grained clay (5Yr 6/4 light reddish brown); graphite black slip. Plain rim, slightly everted, below three grooves and a net pattern composed of dots with connecting lines (perhaps guilloche? chain?). in the left loop of net motif, image of a dolphin to right, in right loop, dolphin to left. there should have been six to seven images of dolphins set around the circumference of the bowl. archaeological context: mixed surface layer. Parallels: romano 1994: 64, Pl. 14,2, c. 160–c. 120 BC; Gürler 2003: 9–16, Pls iX–XVi, 14, Pl. XV, C18, C19. For dolphin motifs on bowls found in Kerch, see Grzegrzółka 2010: 1-35, 1-241, ephesian product, middle to second half of 2nd century BC; 68-51, asia Minor, Pergamon product, 2nd century BC. 15. Bowl fragments 6.5 x 7.5 cm, Dia. rim 17 cm Clay (5 Yr 6/3 light reddish brown), greyish on the inside, compact, well levigated, lime particles as temper. Dull black slip. rim fired brown (7 mm on inside and 15-20 mm on outside). Worn slip on exterior of rim. three fragments, thrown on the wheel. slightly everted rim, below it two spiral grooves, rouletted decoration in four rows, above the lowest two more grooves. archaeological context: 2nd–1st century BC, based on coins (a. Krzyżanowska in Tell Atrib 2009: nos 71, 22). Parallels: Kern 1909: perhaps asia Minor fabric: 14ff., Figs 1–4; Baur 1941: Hellenistic because of shape: 245, no. 206, Fig. 15, Pl. Xi, 1913.206). Publication: Myśliwiec, Południkiewicz 2003: Color plate 9.12. 16. Bowl fragment 4 x 4 cm, rim dia. 13 cm Clay (5 Yr 5/3 reddish brown), pale brown slip with staining at the rim (1.5 cm on outside, 0.8 cm on inside), below gray-black both inside and outside owing to vessels being placed one inside another during firing. thrown on the wheel. Plain rim, faint groove separating from the body, below on body roulleted decoration in five rows. Motif of roullete of different size and depth. archaeological context: mixed surface layer. Parallels: Baur 1941: 245, no. 207, Fig. 16, Pl. Xi, 1913.207. asia Minor fabric, 2nd century BC. Classica Orientalia 435 Anna Południkiewicz 15 16 15 436 Classica Orientalia 16 “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib acknowledgements i am indebted to the following who have assisted me in completing the documentation of this group of finds from tell atrib: for the drawings Jarosław Dobrowolski, edyta Knapik, Piotr Mieliwodzki, Marta Momot, Marek Puszkarski, and for the photos Waldemar Jerke, Monika Dolińska and Karol Myśliwiec. the illustrations for publication have benefited greatly from Marta Momot’s incredible drawing talents. references Baur, P.V.C. 1941 Megarian bowls in the rebecca Darlington stoddard Collection of Greek and italian vases in Yale University, AJA 45/2, 229–248 Bouzek, J. 1982 ein megarischer Becher mit iliou Persis [in:] B. von Freytag gen. löringhoff, D. Mannsperger, F. Prayon (eds), Praestant Interna. Festschrift für Ulrich Hausmann, tübingen: Verlag ernst Wasmuth, 244–247 Edwards, G.R. 1956 Hellenistic Pottery [in:] l. talcott, B. Philippaki, G.r. edwards, V.r. Grace (eds), Small Objects from the Pnyx ii [=Hesperia Suppl. 10], Princeton, nJ: the american school of Classical studies at athens, 79–241 Falco, G. 1999 tre coppe « megaresi », Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts 90–91, 29–38 Garbsch, J. 1993 Terra sigillata, porcelana Antyku. Przewodnik po wystawie ze zbiorów Prähistorische Staatssammlung w Monachium, Warszawa: Państwowe Muzeum archeologiczne Ghali-Kahil, L. 1960 La Céramique Grecque (Fouilles 1911–1956) [=Études Thasiennes 7], Paris: de Boccard Grzegrzółka, S. 2010 “Megarian” Bowls from the Collection of the Kerch History and Culture Reserve, Warsaw: the national Museum in Warsaw Gürler, B. 2003 Hellenistic ceramic of Metropolis in ionia: chronology, production and related cities [in:] C. abadie-reynal (ed.), Les céramiques en Anatolie aux époques hellénistique et romaine. Actes de la table ronde d’Istanbul, 22–24 mai 1996 [=Varia Anatolica 15], Paris: e. de Boccard, 9–16 Kern, O. 1909 Eleusinische Beiträge, Halle a.s.: Waisenhaus (non vidi) Classica Orientalia 437 Anna Południkiewicz Kögler, P. 2000 Hellenistische Reliefkeramik aus Knidos, E’Epistimonikis Synantissis yia tin Ellinistiki Keramiki, athens, 189–194 Laumonier, A. 1977 Exploration archéologique de Délos XXXi. La céramique hellénistique à reliefs i. Ateliers « Ioniens », Paris: de Boccard Mitsopoulos-Leon, V. 1991 Die Basilika am Staatsmarkt in Ephesos. Kleinfunde i. Keramik hellenistischer und römischer Zeit, Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen akademie der Wissenschaften Myśliwiec, K., Południkiewicz, A. 2003 a center of ceramic production in Ptolemaic athribis [in:] C.a. redmount, C.a. Keller (eds), Egyptian Pottery. Proceedings of the 1990 Pottery Symposium at the University of California, Berkeley [University of California Publications in Egyptian Archaeology 8] Berkeley, 133–152 Papuci-Władyka, E. 1995 Nea Pafos. Studia nad ceramiką hellenistyczną z polskich wykopalisk (1965–1991), Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński Pollitt, J.J. 1986 Art in the Hellenistic Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [12th print. 2006] Romano, I.B. 1994 a Hellenistic deposit from Corinth. evidence for interim period activity (146–44 B.C.), Hesperia 63/1, 57–104 Rosenthal-Heginbottom, R. 1995 Moldmade relief bowls from tel Dor, israel – a preliminary report [in:] H. Meyza, J. Młynarczyk (eds), Hellenistic and Roman Pottery in the Eastern Mediterranean: Advances in Scientific Studies. Acts of the II Nieborów Pottery Workshop, Nieborów, 18–20 December 1993, Warsaw: research Centre for Mediterranean archaeology, Polish academy of sciences, 365–396 Rotroff, S.I. 1982a Hellenistic Pottery. Athenian and Imported Moldmade Bowls [=The Athenian Agora 22], Princeton, nJ: the american school of Classical studies at athens 1982b silver, glass, and clay. evidence for the dating of Hellenistic luxury tableware, Hesperia 51/3, 329–337 Schwabacher, W. 1941 Hellenistische reliefkeramik im Kerameikos, AJA 45/2, 182–228 Siebert, G. 1978 Recherches sur les ateliers de bols à reliefs du Péloponnèse à l’époque hellénistique [=BEFAR 233], athènes: École Française d’athènes 1980 les bols à reliefs, une industrie d’art de l’époque hellenistique [in:] Céramiques hellénistiques et romaines [=Annales Littéraires de l’Université de Besançon 242; Centre de recherches d‘histoire ancienne 36], Paris: les Belles lettres, 55–83 438 Classica Orientalia “Megarian” Bowls from Tell Atrib Tell Atrib 2000 Zofia sztetyłło, Pottery stamps; Karol Myśliwiec, Rescue excavations [in:] Tell Atrib 1985–1995 i [=Travaux du Centre d’Archéologie Méditerranéenne de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences 34], Varsovie: research Centre for Mediterranean archaeology, Polish academy of sciences; neriton 2009 aleksandra Krzyżanowska, Les monnaies; Karol Myśliwiec, Contexte archéologique [in:] Tell Atrib 1985–1995 ii, Varsovie: Centre d’archéologie Méditerranéenne de l’académie Polonaise des sciences et Centre Kazimierz Michałowski d’archéologie Méditerranéenne de l’Université de Varsovie; neriton Wiegand, T., Schrader, H. 1904 Priene, Berlin: G. reimer Classica Orientalia 439 ABBREVIATIONS AA AAAS ABSA AJA APF ASAE BAAL BABesch BCH BdÉ BEFAR BIFAO BSFE CCE CCEC CdÉ CRAI CSEL EtTrav GM GRBS IEJ JbAC JEA JGS JHS JJP JRA JRS KHKM LIMC MDAIA MDAIK MEFRA MIFAO NC NumAntCl OLA PAM RACrist RBK Archäologischer Anzeiger, Berlin Annales archéologiques arabes de Syrie, Damas Annual of the British School of Athens, London American Journal of Archaeology, New York Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete, Leipzig, Stuttgart Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte, Le Caire Bulletin d’Archéologie et d’Architecture Libanaises, Beirut Bulletin antieke Beschaving, Louvain Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, Paris Bibliothèque d’étude, Le Caire Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d’Athènes et de Rome, Rome, Paris Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, Le Caire Bulletin de la Société française d’égyptologie, Paris Cahiers de la céramique égyptienne, Le Caire Cahiers du Centre d’études chypriotes, Nanterre Chronique d’Égypte, Bruxelles Comptes rendus de l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Paris Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Vienna Études et travaux, Varsovie Göttinger Miszellen, Göttingen Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, Durham, NC Israel Exploration Journal, Jerusalem Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, London Journal of Glass Studies, New York Journal of Hellenic Studies, London Journal of Juristic Papyrology, Warsaw Journal of Roman Archaeology, Ann Arbor, MI Journal of Roman Studies, London Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej, Warszawa Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae, Zurich Mitteilungen des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung, Berlin Mitteilungen des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, Abeilung Kairo, Wiesbaden Mélanges d’archéologie et d’histoire de l’École française de Rome. Antiquité, Paris Mémoires publiés par les membres de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale, Le Caire Numismatic Chronicie, London Numismatica e antichità classiche, Logano Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta, Louvain Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, Warsaw Rivista di archeologia cristiana, Cité du Vatican Reallexikon zur byzantinischen Kunst, Stuttgart Classica Orientalia 9 Abbreviations RDAC RdÉ REPPAL RMNW RSO RTAM RTAM SAAC VetChr ZPE Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, Nicosia Revue d’égyptologie, Paris, Louvain Revue du centre d’études de la civilisation phénicienne-punique et des antiquités libyques Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie, Warszawa Rivista degli studi orientali, Roma Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale, Gembloux Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale, Gembloux, Louvain Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization, Kraków Vetera christianorum, Bari Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bonn *** DACL LCI RealEnc 10 F. Cabrol, H. Leclercq, Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie, Paris, 1907–1953 E. Kirschbaum, W. Braunfels (eds), Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie, Rom: Herder, 1968–1976 A. Pauly, G. Wissowa, W. Kroll, K. Mittelhaus, Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stuttgart–Münich, 1893–1980 Classica Orientalia ClassiCa Orientalia ClassiCa Orientalia essays Presented to Wiktor andrzej Daszewski on his 75th Birthday Polish Centre of Mediterranean archaeology University of Warsaw Wydawnictwo DiG Polish Centre of Mediterranean archaeology University of Warsaw editorial Board Piotr Bieliński, Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz, Wiktor andrzej Daszewski, Michał Gawlikowski, Włodzimierz Godlewski, Karol Myśliwiec international advisory Board Jean Charles Balty, Charles Bonnet, Giorgio Bucellatti, stan Hendrickx, Johanna Holaubek reviewed independently for publication. 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Wojska Polskiego 4, Poland, tel./fax: (0–22) 839 08 38, e–mail: biuro@dig.pl; http://www.dig.pl Printed in Poland taBUla GratUlatOria ahmed abd el-Fattah andreas ataliotis Marek Barański leonard Bartnik Mirosław Barwik Kamila Baturo Kazimierz Bielenia Dorota Bielińska Michał Bieniada artur Błaszczyk Kazimierz Błaszczyk sebastian Borowicz Benedetto Bravo aleksandra Brzozowska Mikołaj Budzanowski Mariusz Burdajewicz Halina Chłodnicka-Żarska Marek Chłodnicki Krzysztof Ciałowicz andrzej Ćwiek anna Dagnan Ginter Piotr Dąbrowski tomasz Derda Yiorgos Dimitriadis agata Dobosz Monika Dolińska Zbigniew Doliński alicja Dreżewska Meike Droste Maria de Jesus s. Duran Kramer Barbara Drobniewicz Mariusz Drzewiecki teresa Dziedzic iwona Dziemidowicz Grzegorz Dziemidowicz Moustafa el-abbadie Yousef el-Gharani Fryne and Chryso eliades elżbieta Garlikowska andrzej Garlikowski Krystyna Gawlikowska Bolesław Ginter andrzej Głażewski Zbigniew Godziejewski tadeusz Gołgowski Klara Górecka Mona Haggag Frank Haggerty Heinz Heinen Małgorzata Herbich Jadwiga iwaszczuk Jolanta Jabłonowska-taracha elżbieta Jakobielska stefan Jakobielski Krzysztof Jakubiak elżbieta Jastrzębowska Piotr Jaworski adam Jegliński Wanda Jerke Waldemar Jerke artur Kaczor Barbara Kaim Henrietta Kania Jerzy Kania Vassos Karageorghis Małgorzata Karkowska Janusz Karkowski Bolesław Kobielski Michał Kobusiewicz rafał Koliński Wojciech Kołątaj teresa Kołątaj elżbieta Kołosowska Jacek Kościuk stefan Karol Kozłowski Barbara Kramer Karla Kroepper aleksandra Krzyżanowska Jack M. Kucy andrzej Kwaśnica ewa laskowska-Kusztal Hervé lebrun Classica Orientalia 5 Tabula Gratulatoria Jean leclant andrzej leligdowicz Marek lemiesz Kazimierz lewartowski Joanna lis Magdalena Łaptaś Dorota Ławecka stanisław Machała robert Mahler aleksandra Majewska elżbieta Makowiecka Wiesław Małkowski Małgorzata Martens-Czarnecka edyta Marzec szymon Maślak Dorota Mazanek ryszard F. Mazurowski izabela Medeksza Demetrios Michaelides Bożena Mierzejewska Marta Mierzejewska antoni Mierzejewski Krzysztof Misiewicz Jolanta Młynarczyk Wanda Mossakowska stanisław Mossakowski liliana nalewajska Jacek nalewajski Jan natkański ireneusz nieduziak andrzej niwiński Mirosław Olbryś ewa Orłowska-Buśko ewa Parandowska Piotr Parandowski Barbara Pawlicka Franciszek Pawlicki Maciej Pawlikowski tomasz Pelc Karol Piasecki ingeborga Pietrzykowska Waldemar Połoczanin Jacek Przeniosło Marek Puszkarski eustathios raptou 6 Classica Orientalia Małgorzata redlak Monika rekowska-ruszkowska Jerzy rekucki Karolina rosińska-Balik Łukasz rutkowski ida ryl-Preibisz stefan sadowski Doreya said tadeusz sarnowski tomasz scholl Joanna scholl Mervat seif el-Din ryszard sobolewski Zbigniew solarewicz andreas sotiriadis Marek F. stępniowski Grażyna Katarzyna szafrańska Zbigniew szafrański Joanna Katarzyna szczepkowska tomasz szmagier andrzej szum Joachim Śliwa Barbara tkaczow alfred twardecki rozalia tybulewicz Marcin Wagner ewa Waliszewska tomasz Waliszewski Olga Wasilewska Jackie Westwood-Dimitriadis Dagmara Wielgosz-rondolino Janina Wiercińska Przemysław Wierzbicki Dietrich Wildung ewa Wipszycka-Bravo teresa Witkowska Maciej Witkowski Dariusz Wolski Barbara Wrońska-Kucy Zuzanna Wygnańska Grzegorz Wyrzykowski Zygmunt Wysocki Mariusz Ziółkowski Jerzy Żelazowski Bogdan Żurawski COntents abbreviations...........................................................................................................................9 Foreword.................................................................................................................................11 Wiktor andrzej Daszewski: essay presented on his 75th birthday anniversary...........................13 Wiktor andrzej Daszewski: list of publications........................................................................31 Krzysztof Babraj interprétation de la lettre ταῦ sur le vêtement du Christ et du geste de l’ogdoade sur la mosaïque absidiale de l’église santa Pudenziana à rome..................................................43 Janine Balty le rinceau d’acanthe à fond noir dans la mosaïque syrienne : l’exemple de Mariamin............73 Jean-Charles Balty Une « nouvelle » dédicace apaméenne à Cn. Marcius rustius rufinus.....................................89 Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner aphrodite in egypt. images of the goddess from Marina el-alamein........................................97 Giuseppina Capriotti-Vittozzi Un gruppo scultoreo da Dendera al Museo del Cairo: due fanciulli divini e i due luminari.....115 rafał Czerner the peristyle of House H1 in the ancient town at Marina el-alamein...................................129 Krzysztof Domżalski roman fine pottery from a cellar under Oil-press e.i at Chhim (lebanon)...........................147 Piotr Dyczek From the history on ancient rhizon/risinium: Why the illyrian King agron and Queen teuta came to a bad end and who was Ballaios?.........................................157 Pavlos Flourentzos new evidence of the aniconic iconography of astarte-aphrodite in Cyprus............................175 Michał Gawlikowski Bagatelles épigraphiques.........................................................................................................183 Włodzimierz Godlewski Mosaic floor from the sanctuary of the eC.ii cathedral in Dongola........................................193 tomasz Górecki roman ceramic thymiaterion from a Coptic hermitage in thebes............................................199 Classica Orientalia 7 Contents tomasz Herbich, Harald van der Osten, iwona Zych Geophysi eC.ii cs applied to the investigation of Graeco-roman coastal towns west of alexandria: the case of Marina el-alamein...................................................................209 Maria Kaczmarek Human remains from Marina el-alamein..............................................................................233 Zsolt Kiss Deux fragments de portraits funéraires romains de Deir el-Bahari..........................................259 Jerzy Kolendo Zita, une ville oubliée de tripolitaine......................................................................................267 renata Kucharczyk Glass medallion in the shape of a lion’s head mask..................................................................277 Barbara lichocka Delta–epsilon issues of elagabalus and severus alexander........................................................287 John lund Head vases of the Magenta Group from Cyprus......................................................................325 adam Łajtar Divus Probus(?) in a fragmentary building(?) inscription in latin found in Kato (nea) Paphos, Cyprus................................................................................................341 adam Łukaszewicz a fish from the sea..................................................................................................................353 Grzegorz Majcherek, iwona Zych the Cretan presence in Marina el-alamein.............................................................................357 Henryk Meyza a mask of ἡγεμων θεράπων with ὄγκος(?) from Paphos.......................................................379 Karol Myśliwiec l’acquis des fouilles de tell atrib pour la connaissance de l’époque ptolémaïque....................387 Janusz a. Ostrowski najwcześniejsza polska wzmianka o sycylijskich antiquitates (with summary in english).........399 ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka the contribution of Kraków archaeologists to excavating nea Paphos, the ancient capital of Cyprus...............................................................................................................................413 anna Południkiewicz “Megarian” bowls from tell atrib...........................................................................................425 Zofia sztetyłło amphoras on Knidian amphoras...........................................................................................441 Hanna szymańska two “armed” terracottas from athribis...................................................................................451 8 Classica Orientalia