Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Locating the Locus of Study on "Religion" in Video Games

For Religious Studies scholars and avid gamers, a call for papers on religion and video games seems like the best of both worlds. However, in sitting down to reflect upon just what we might write about, it struck us that we had no idea what it is we're supposed to be discussing. What are the methodological and theoretical issues in writing about these topics? It seems to us that there are in fact three related (but not identical) areas for analysis: the “religious” responses gamers have to their games; how religions in games comment on religions “out there”; and, disinterested observation of the religions of fictional game worlds. Pursuing a broadly phenomenological methodology, this article will explore these three options of studying religion in video games using examples from a number of recent popular games. In particular, by drawing upon Alfred Schutz’s notion of provinces of meaning we wish to highlight that in certain respects the religions of video games can be no less “real” than the religions we find out here in the "meat-world".

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g+   g% #$%    0  ! &8   F          [   %0         #                   %5                                               ,%V 6  E ,  &  &! 1   +  %A        0             E0 &       +  EA  &      E                        #%  >      >    "277C$                   "277C63J$%                >      >        &      #   %           #                                     %    M           )"277C6J,$ # %0      #                  -            %          >   >     #   %'       #          %  0  !)    %                  %      #    #           + >   >   % !    #         #% D  !  >    >  [        %A             &6    6  6 ! &! 1%  6   6 !      "%%  $    %      )'(4  6  8 "277B$2 +  &!   "  277S 27,,$3 /!-"27,3$<, "  277W 27,7$J   #  "  277W$S%D     &       %     +              "@:$    %0+     +           %-              ") '$"+  &! $+"/!-V,$   "  #$% '8  2 -  4 !)      A/ (   *)   &   "!,B<JK,BS2L627C$%*           +                   +        %  P   +   *  M    [  ) "*  277C62B3$%  :     *)     !       +     "! (M   &    G *  !'G   ) "!,BS26237$%          %'&         & #     %   6, [2 !W[3  [<  & )[J [S+ "! 2 3 < J S          6 6;;% %;ETd'* (NW   P      66;;%   %;     66;;%  %;+;   D   66;;% %;;;%     66;;%   %;'5;      ,B<JK,BS2L6237+23,$%D      !W  !  *)  C%'  #          %0    #  &  %  #         % !&6M    \  )&    \                                     )",B<JK,BS2L623,$% !)                 %A /( !          W  % '    &    A/( %'  6M        G G  1    )"!,B<JK,BS2L622C$%(         ! &   &#        &    %        %   +&  !)    ' &!6  ",B32$   "!,BSC6CJ+ CW$%/+&                 %  -        !                                       %BD &  F   P %P  +&  F%        F    %0    C W B '     % O            %    : '  %  %D   !)  (  >)  +""27,,6,+<B7+B,$%D         !   *%U%)  ",BW2$N) ",BB<$ /:)   "277,$  ) &     &  %'      ,   !  1 !             )%F  P  %D     +&    #     %  '                                       %                                        %                                      &   %'      %>    1       %'     # +  %'       %'      %         +   % )8     -2  4 '                 1%    1              1%                                       % 0 &    O(  ) '(4  6  8 "468$  277B,7%'     :'0     (   %'  (  0   0       %                                0   %0     ,7 0    66;;% %;ETO,>(-3         %  .  *    " 277B$ (     (        "277B$%                      %             " $ %:  &> > D:">>D:$   %    : 5!       "@ 277B$            >>D:  %  >>D:         %   >>: ) / S   #0 55 .- E   0&.  N *D D!/  > /D  (  N%                      &              %    :      ",BBS$ M      #          )"   277S6,C<$%                                   #               %               6   +M             &     )[    #  +M           + # ) "277S6,CJ$%0     +      % .     6M KL    E\)    )"# '277B$%     & +         &+%                  +  %,,                 6     6 !  "66$ (  N     +    % 66    +  ,2% D &    )    " ' ' '    +  % ,3 66     :  N      %>468 66           &  +  %'    66 +       +   %      %D                              A)     )   "277W$                                %(  1 #          % #   +  %          #[N   66              66%                @:+        % P                          %      &      #  0 "#$           &      6V ,, 0&   0  >     468    O 27,,"@ 27,2$% ,2    &6;;% %;ETQ<- 2B' % ,3 '  &     6M0    &        )" 277S6,W3$%  &        66%            % ,<     #    %     :  & :          " 277W$%0  #   .)-  ,J6  % &  :     #   6  M                   "         ?$   :      )"277W$%# :  #5*  #+      : &%'    %(  &     %%   M    )"277W$%'         % '       %>                                  %  A & : / M           )"27,3$% ,(L*0 "L0$+/1        A / D %   M                        /     :    ) ": 27,3$%  D D 0    /                                       /   *. > .  -  O%D :      6.  O: F  0 /    [   ,M    / +        [O   > / [.      / : %'.   /   :                                          / %  :    ,< #       " &6: 2773[: 277W[N 277B$% ,J O   +  C%           %.  /          .  :    %0    O:    / :    %  . G!      GM  ,/  &  +     ) ": 27,3$%'.   & / :  O5   O1  ,S   % .   M     )/   :     /  /        %0+/    #  .  / %: )            %  A     : )                 )      /        &%        -                      1      +    % ) -                     1       +              %  '                            %      : )   1           % ,8     <-2  4 : ) L0         #      %                !)     :+     '   0 ",BJ3$%0 !6M&                1                   1 ,S -      O   %         )"!,BJ3K,BS2L6W$%  (&L0 &      %  &'           ,C%'&   " $    (&         "$              &%    '              >  5                     1                     %  5                  +  %              #                       +    %                                       %>   >   &  :    %                0            ,W ">     >   277C6<7+<,$%:       :   1   1    :  ,B%0  & /!-"/$ #:    0 O%-          )        )                         "/   27,3$% 0            )       :   " $     )& "$%0   > /          #  "   !27,3$%0 @:    :      6'              @             D              N 27% /  )   @ ")$  ,C !    )            &    ",BJ3K,BS2L63W+<7$% ,W /     % ,B >   >  )  %        %'    +  &!  (4 *        ">    >  277C6<,$%           #  : . "> 277B$% 27 0    66;;% %;ETS5> <5F%      D  ". *  >1D  $ %:         /  / : "%%P  27,3$%          % N /,    F+   %                         F                 % +0     %-: )   /  ,       !     % A&: : 0@:   ,M",M$%/                 &     %/                      %    :                :   [:                      : :             P  @                F0%)    :    2,        O(/+   %0   )       & 0  ). ("@   2773,3+2,$ O 0                             "  277C2C+W$%/    FDA     :        &        &   " U =/ ,BBCS$%F  D  FDA+       FDA % 0  &      L05             >   >        *> %.     >        D >     *  :   . * %>    * 2, O 22CC:P0> ,BJ7 MS7   D  : + %        @:     * * D > %>   )1 D >                  %                        O  ( /          %>           . * 1             +           %D&         *              %         +1                 %  0                >         %O >      :     %,      #    :       F  ,BJ7 MS7%         :      :       ,    +    +   #%'  ,      % &-' 5                                        %   0  -          %@              %     #       &OO [     O  0  0 +P%0             -     %   )            %                  % V # &   %0  O-  +  &! % @:       )     %0  ) (L"     %0              +  &!            6M    : : )"P     % %$%D &/ ) 6MN   %           )"P    % %$ 22  6M          N  . )"P& 276,2$%D        O-%    %0  0 % 0  0        & #5                     :       A +  &! C# %D0) 0A                               %                  +    %O 0A       0   10-                % 0A  ::      @ (    (% 5:   %D             : )      (P % :    "          O-            % &-'    +  ,5  &+   %/ %  , +  % '     &-'                &% ,                  +  %    &-'     %0   O- # :    %O-    : %D &(      '    @%  &-'    (        "$   "  $",B72$% 22 O     %          &   # [                     +                 "!,BJ3K,BS2L$%:    #  E   #             E'    #  #      E'           %0        #       %0    &     %'   #      %     )      % 08      0             4 + 4  "@  277J$    4 4   ":   27,7$       +       (   %  (        " - : 0     * $         ,BJ7                  @)        ) ( # '  3   "277J$%V     1              1                   #      @ +        &                                        %  &          %'   !  %'%)     M                      #) " ,B2W6,<$%  '             !)                     M )   [       M )                    %             +           +& M )%   +      M )+  23% N  &+        +    &           %' &-' 5    0     +                            "      +    $@:      %   M )#@:[ &   U        0   %   #        M )       2<%A  #         [     #        %     O-          - #   -  %     0  / -) /  (! "  $    +  &! ( "       % '     #      [+             %                          %        [    &O )   6/ O [-  @[P N[( @ [  '[/  0 [ P&  P" ,BSB[ ,BB3[,BBS$%      [        1     %'  +           % 23 M )# &    + +    +  %( !  M )% 2<  &N )       "  ,BJ36J7+J,$%     :      &    &-'                  )   %D / O       0  O- +  &    0  - %      2J N    )  ",BBS6,33+,3<$2S%P   N             ) (  L  "               +  %D &0 )              O@:   0        %     [ &         &  #)   ",BBS6JS$% (        "      &-' 5             %     '        )  +  ",BBS62,J+23J$%D      O-  '  M ) M       )",BBS623C$% F     (    @           M           )" ,BB36,2$%0  O-[ &-'   /       /        0      %      ( @   P&  P %    U     &                  )    & 6 U    [U   [  U    [U   [ &      U " ,BBS6,C3$%O  &   %O@:       &        % 2J 0 ) % 2S 0&     )   ( /:)  M       )"/: 277,6,J$%        &#[O-  "    &  +    $             M   )E                   M )   ;   %   #     1  +  [ &         "   ,BC3$       "/:  277,$        ":&  277S$          %                  %    +  M )E #     #   +  %                      :          &        &   "277W$%   #M )    %  )  #  !) [      %0                         %             &-' O-         % -   66 5 O-   "+$                            &         +  %                  :    &       & 2C%       +&  [               %    O- :            +&%   +&O-&   %          +   %'         & D      O-% >            &O- +& 2C >     +   +  &%       2W%      %       >      "%%>  27,3$%V         6     O-        %D   +                  ( "%%   $% :8 1     #     %               #   6   [ #+     [  +   %F!)                     &% 0       [            %  O                  &[       #               >   >  %          %       %                       &                   %5           +         &          %            %   2W '       %0       &  %       %'               % 5 "  $ > "277B$%P   36/    ) * %  ,2;7W;,3%6;; 2% ;277B+ ;2<<S;+  + +3+  ; >  %%"277S$%  4!(# ! !4   ) N60/  >  %%"27,3$%'    A& F @ >%  ,W;7B;,3%6;; %%;27,3;7<; + + + ; >  %% >  %0%"277C$%P .( / 6  (' "*  !EH%3J+J3 > . "277S$%+  &! 0( "d &3S7 %2. O:  > . "277W$%,Md &3S7 %>  (  /  > . "27,,$%+  &! 0(&-' d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d &3S7 %0 /:  '%"277B$%(N  /    2  4)0%  7J;7W;,3%6;;% %;;  ; +  ++  +  +2 ' ."27,3$%/!-d &3S7 %2.O:  *%"277C$% ! '! '08OV 6: :%"277W$%.  0'5   A  &% 7J;7W;,3%6;; % %% ;277W;7<;  ++++++ %  N%=A:%"277W$%  )  ( OV 6=    ""      N.%",BB<$%  M(): -:    !!89%%<J3+<CB N(%"277B$%:5 .N /  E   )/&L*  7J;7W;,3%6;;% %; ;277J;7S;,C;S7;C72JBB% N ( '%"2773$%&! 1@: %A   / P%"27,3$%> ')     #    % 7J;7W;,3%6;; %%;;  ++ ++  + ++  +#+S<7<S27 /:(%"277,$%) !) - ( !    !& ' 0 6 F OV @  A  P "27,7$%,(L*0 d &3S7 %>   ( /  @ "277B$%> (   % %% % 7J;7W;,3% 6;;% % % ;;277W7B; ;7B,,7B;  &;B,,7B+7772% @   :%"2773$%F   FDA( 0   %'FDA ("2773$%:  @   "P %$N 6( %3+<2% @  %"27,2$%0  >  M  )   :-     7J;7W;,3%6;;% %;  ;27,2; ;,B;  +  + ++  @0 %"277J$%    ) (# '  3 %OV 6@%'%P%+ @ N% (  O "277W$%  #0d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