Balinese language

This paper is titled Phonological Variations of the Balinese Ungasan Dialect. It examines the phonological processes occurring in Balinese Greeting Words of the Ungasan Dialect, which differ from those in the standard Balinese dialect. The study aims to uncover linguistic phenomena in the field of phonology, specifically focusing on phonological processes. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, analyzing the natural use of Balinese Greeting Words in the Ungasan Dialect to ensure an objective depiction. Phonological processes serve as the framework for mapping the unique characteristics and differences of this dialect, while the concept of dialect is explored as a geographical determinant. The study identifies phonological variations in the Balinese Ungasan Dialect's greeting words, including "men," "pan," and "nang." Among these, a new phonological process, namely the process of apheresis deletion, was found.

Barong Landung Performing Art is one the sacred performances that being held in Bali. In the Barong Landung Performing Art, there are several unique things in the performances, one of the is the used of utterance when the show or performances ongoing. Utterance is becoming the identity or characteristics which stand out in the entirety of the performance. The language applied is very unusual, particularly Balinese, which is the language of speech. This distinguishes Barong Landung from other religious performances. In this performance, the speech takes forms of dialogue that interacts with each other through "gending-gendingan" (Balinese song tradition) . Gending-gendingan usually took from Balinese Language Proverbs It typically contains advice that educates future generations. As an outcome, the existence of Barong Landung performing arts will contribute to preserving traditions and cultures for future generations. The issue was investigated using a method of qualitative study using an ethnographic approach. Data was acquired through observation and in-depth interviews at numerous research locations including; Desa Pejeng-Gianyar, Desa Taman Bali-Bangli, and Desa Abiansemal-Badung. Desa its means Village, Aside from that, online data is collected via the YouTube channel. The study's findings indicate that assertive speech acts can be detected in Barong Landung performances.

This study addresses a phonological change in the language of Rome that impacts the grammar of definite articles, posing a challenge to formal grammars aimed at representing the human language faculty. This grammar is defined by phonology related to morphological features and raises questions about allomorphy. We demonstrate that the historical Roman change can be managed by phonological rules through contact with morphology, rather than by suppletive allomorphy. We treat 'allomorphs' computationally, assuming that morphophonological mutations involve specific triggers and targets without storing memorized alternants. The Roman article variants include 'empty' morphemes licensed by phonological rules and syntactic operations. We conclude, building on Collins & Kayne (2023), that the language faculty lacks a specific morphological component.

The existence of satua as one of cultural heritages in Balinese society has great characterised educational values, which could be early formula in giving the characterised education towards the children by providing them a lot interesting stories. One of them is Katuturan I Kedis Sangsiah teken I Bojog. The problem which is focused in this research is to concern about the values in this story which are aimed to describe the whole values of the characterised education. Theories which are used in this research in the theory of Thomas Lickona and the structural approach toward the literature works. Method which is used in this research is qualitative descriptive method, with the research model using content analysis. The technique of colleting data for this research is the recording note. The data source is the spoken data from the informant, towards the satua as the spoken literature. The techniques of analyzing data for this research are (1) the transcription of recorded data (2) tr...

The definite article in the Modern Nordic languages is a suffix, etymologically related to a demonstrative. The form is not attested in runic inscriptions, the oldest linguistic sources, but first appears in Icelandic sagas as well as in Swedish and Danish legal codices from 13th century onwards. However, in these texts it does not appear with the same regularity as in modern languages. The Old Swedish form constitutes an intermediate form between a demonstrative, from which it is derived, and the article it has become in Modern Swedish. In the oldest texts it appears in contexts where demonstratives can only be found sporadically and its form suggests it no longer is a demonstrative. At the same time it is not yet obligatory. The aim of this paper is to show the grammaticalization of the definite article as a gradual, dynamic process, involving changes in the form and functional scope of the grammaticalizing item and to consider the properties of the Old Swedish form-in, derived from the distal demonstrative hin 'that'.

We report an under-explored syntactic variation among four languages known as the Indonesian-type. Drawing on novel data, we show that that Javanese exhibits an A-bar oriented voice system that indexes subject vs. nonsubject topicalization, which is distinct from (and incompatible with) the existing split ergative analysis for the voice system of two neighboring languages, Acehnese and Indonesian. We then present new comparative evidence that the so-called “Indonesian-type passives” do not form a homogeneous group – some involve an instance of A-movement to subject, whereas others contain non- subject topicalization, such as the putative passive in Javanese.

This new locus of variation in Austronesian reinforces the view that surface-level typological traits – such as word order, presence or absence of voice morphology, or number of voice distinctions – are not reliable indicators of a language’s underlying syntax. The current observation thus highlights the importance of approaching conventional typological classification with caution and the need to uncover potential syntactic variation in typologically similar languages.

Geguritan Nengah Jimbaran as a material object in this study is a traditional Balinese literary work written by Cokorda Mantuk Ring Rana. This study uses a qualitative approach that focuses on finding the meanings of religious moderation in the Geguritan Nengah Jimbaran text. The hermeneutic method is applied to understand and interpret the meaning and intention of Cokorda Mantuk Ring Rana in his writing. Based on the analysis carried out at Geguritan Nengah Jimbaran, it shows Balinese people are indeed dominated by Hindus but they have a great tolerance and can live harmoniously side by side among different faith during the reign of Cokorda Mantuk Ring Rana. It can be concluded that religious tolerance as one of the spirits of religious moderation has long been present and has become a habit of Balinese people today.

Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman karya sastra mulai berkembang, sehingga muncullah karya sastra Bali modern yang diciptakan agar lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat muda khususnya cerpen. Cerpen Mamadu Ngajak Leak merupakan salah satu cerpen Bali modern dalam buku kumpulan cerpen karya I Ketut Sandiyasa. Tulisan ini menguraikan unsur-unsur struktural yang terkandung dalam cerpen Mamadu Ngajak Leak. Cerpen tersebut mengandung nilai- nilai penting khususnya nilai sosial budaya yang dapat kita jadikan pedoman dalam berprilaku dan berkehidupan di masyarakat. Demikian juga dengan isi singkatnya, cerita ilmu hitam atau leak dalam cerpen tersebut sangat erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan masyarakat saat ini, sehingga sangat menarik untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai yang terkandung didalamnya, khususnya nilai-nilai karakter para tokohnya serta nilai sosial budayanya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan pemikiran diatas maka penel...

This thesis research analyzes the Juridical Implication of Village Members Changing Religion for Occupancy of Village Residential Land in the Customary Village of Ketewel, Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar Regency. The study focuses on the position of customary village members changing their religion to the occupancy of village residential land in the Customary Village of Ketewel, Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar Regency and the juridical implications for the occupancy of village residential land for the village members changing their religion in Ketewel Customary Village, Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar Regency. The type of research applied is empirical legal research. As an analytical tool, the theory of justice, the theory of legal certainty and the theory of law enforcement are applied. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the position of the customary village members changing their religion to the occupancy of village residential land in Ketewel Customary Village, Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar Regency is that every member of customary village changing his religion or the like is called a tamiu (guest). The juridical implications of occupancy on the village residential land for members changing their religion in the Ketewel Customary Village, Sukawati Sub-District, Gianyar Regency, include: these members reserve no right to live or occupy the village residential land, can no longer use the customary village facilities such as graves, banjar halls and others. Reserve no right to occupy village residential land, in accordance with awig-awig of Ketewel Customary Village Article 4 Paragraph (1) which reads that: It is meant by krama desa (Village Members) is a family who is adhering Hindu Religion and lives in a village residential land house or rice field and dried land area in Ketewel Customary Village. Thus, indigenous people who are not Hindus have no right to live or occupy the village residential land.

Sorong serah aji krama is one of important traditional wedding ceremonies in Lombok, Indonesia. This paper investigated the illocutionary speech acts of Pembayun in sorong serah aji krama at sasak traditional wedding in Bonjeruk village. This study designed as descriptive qualitative research. The data source of this study was collected through video recording, interview, and note-taking. The result of the study shows five types of illocutionary speech acts: assertive, directive, commissive, and expressive. There are no data shows the existence of declarative illocutionary act in this research. Therefore, the percentage of speech act found: assertive 57.14%, directive 14.28%, commissive 4.76%, expressive 23.80%, and declarative 0%.

There has been an increase in the number of young millennial Balinese who are bilinguals showing a shift with high competency in Indonesian at the concomitant expense of their Balinese language competency and related indigenous knowledge. The project takes advantage of the momentum with the surge of the enthusiasm and needs for online learning in the current context of COVID-19. The project focuses on digital dictionary research and development, addressing a clear gap in this space of Balinese digital humanity to have a learning resource in the broader literacy context of culture and language preservation and education. The digital dictionary online design is expected to benefit Balinese learners and other parties, including academic communities in Bali and across the globe. The language digital dictionary is a crosslingual system to facilitate the translation of a source language to a target language based on keywords to query the translation. The use of keyword-based query for translation presents an ambiguity, which the use of ontology can help to minimise. The design, development, and evaluation of Balinese language dictionary ontology in this study was done in consultation with Balinese language experts.

Program pengabdian masyarakat melalui pendampingan untuk komunitas Kelompok Wanita Tani yang dilaksanakan di Dusun Kemesu Desa Pagerharjo Kecamatan Samigaluh Kabupaten Kulon Progo. Komunitas yang terbentuk di dusun Kemesu yaitu Kelompok Wanita Tani perlu adanya sebuah  pendampingan,dengan diadakannya pelatihan-pelatihan sederhana karena kebanyakan dari warga setempat membutuhkan inovasi  baru untuk pengolahan sumber alam yang tersedia, terdapat beberapa hasil bumi yang  ada di dusun Kemesu yaitu adanya dibidang pertanian, khususnya di dusun Kemesu mulai dari hasil padi palawijo dan sayur mayur, dan terdapat hasil  perkebunan seperti kunyit, jahe, kencur, cengkeh, cacao, kelapa kopi,dan berbagai tanaman keras seperti pohon mahoni, sengon (albasia). Adanya kelompok Wanita Tani Ngudi Mulyo di dusun Kemesu bisa membawa masyarakat lebih maju dan berkembang dalam berbagai bidang. Pendampingan komunitas Kelompok Wanita Tani bertujuan memberikan sebuah pengetahuan untuk pemanfaatan sumber d...

Naskah-naskah lontar Prasi merupakan salah satu kekayaan dunia pernaskahan yang jarang mendapat perhatian peneliti. Persebaran naskah-naskah Prasi di Bali melingkupi koleksi masyarakat serta koleksi lembaga pemerintah, salah satunya adalah Museum Bali. Museum Bali memiliki koleksi naskah lontar yang cukup banyak, koleksi ini memiliki kaitan historis yang sangat dekat dengan naskah-naskah koleksi Gedong Kirtya Singaraja. Koleksi naskah Prasi yang terdapat di Museum Bali merupakan koleksi naskah yang secara historis adalah koleksi penting, sebab telah mulai diregistrasi dan dikumpulkan pada masa pemerintahan Belanda. Beberapa koleksi naskah Prasi di Museum Bali bahkan merupakan koleksi langka yang secara filologi adalah naskah sumber utama. Naskah Prasi di Museum Bali yang bersumber dari berbagai wilayah di Bali menarik untuk dilihat dari sudut pandang narasi serta bahasa rupa. Narasi serta bahasa rupa yang dihadirkan dalam kopendium naskah-naskah Prasi di Museum Bali mewakili kekayaan naskah Prasi dihampir seluruh wilayah Bali.

The aim of this research is to describe the adverbial clause marking strategy in Balinese. The data sources of this reasearch are narrative texts in weekly Balinese Newspaper, Bali Orti, and several short stories which are written in Balinese. Each semantic function has at least two different markers, one is for a low register and the other one for a high register. The result showed that adverbial clauses in Balinese can be classified into eleven semantic functions. Each of those semantic functions at least has two different markers for the same semantic function.

Sasuratan puniki matetujon nyiagayang tuntunan sajeroning paplajahan basa lan sastra Bali, utaminipun ring widang kawagedan mabaos (keterampilan berbicara) manut katatwaning anggah-ungguhing basa Bali. Para siswa miwah mahasiswa sané meled gelis waged mabaos Bali pacang prasida malajah ngraga antuk ngwacén saha ngresepang daging buku puniki duaning sampun tegep madaging teori anggah-ungguh basa Bali maweweh conto-conto bebaosan. Rauh mangkin buku utawi bahan ajah indik anggah-ungguh basa Bali arang pisan, punika mawinan titiang patut nyurat mangda wenten anggen pabuatan materi ajah ring Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia lan Daerah, utamine ring konsentrasi Pendidikan Basa lan Sastra Bali

Linguistically speaking, Sundanese has a wide range of reduplicated words and as well delivers different meaning in a different words form wherever it be added by suffixes, infixes, or prefixes. This research try to presents and classify kinds of reduplication in Sundanese, in which stage they belong and how they can be different or not semantically and morphologically, and how they can presumably be similiar or different from one another. The data collection will involve correspondence to be asked about some word that can be reduplicated, using semantics and morphology as the approach to see the occurrence. Based on the data that has been investigated and classified, Sundanese reduplication can be applicable to all semantics properties. Thus, if Augmentation can be expressed by Sudanese reduplication, so does Diminution. On the other hand, if intensification can also be expressed by means of reduplication in Sudanese, so attenuation can also be expressed by Sudanese reduplication. ...

The paper investigates discontinuous reduplication (DR), a pattern where reduplicant and base are separated by other material, by annotating a 214-example dataset collected from a 99-language sample. Several items turned out to serve as interposing elements, although their nature does not seem to correlate with function, unlike the category of the base. DR’s functions are a subset of those associated with reduplication cross-linguistically. All languages displaying DR also present contiguous reduplication, suggesting a CONTIGUOUS REDUPLICATION > DISCONTINUOUS REDUPLICATION hierarchy. Finally, a corpus-based analysis of Italian (lacking DR according to grammars) unveiled a wealth of DR patterns, suggesting that corpora are essential for the typological enterprise.

This paper focuses on temporal expressions in the Balinese language. The discussion of temporal expressions is based on theories of temporal semantic functions proposed by Haspelmath (1997) and Pan (2010). The results show that Balinese temporal expressions can be classified into four semantic functions, which can be further classified into several subcategories. The four semantic functions are (1) temporal locations, (2) temporal extent, (3) frequency, and (4) miscellaneous functions. The choice of temporal adverbial marking in Balinese is influenced by speech register. Another important point in Balinese temporal adverbial marking is the notion of definiteness. Definiteness in Balinese is not only marked on the linguistic unit of a particular temporal adverbial, but also on the marker itself, particularly for temporal adverbials, which indicates a situation as the reference time.

This paper is based on research study with the same title. Research is motivated by the existence of Bali as one of the islands in Indonesia, which is rich with various aspects of traditional culture, including a wide variety of folklore. Even Bali is also known as one of the saviors of Nusantara literary texts, especially from Java, Bali, and Lombok stored or written in the form of books or manuscripts (lontar). One of oral folklore is satua or Balinese folktale. It has many functions and strategic role, such as an endorsement tool for regulations and cultural institutions; as a compeller and supervisor to ensure the norms of society will always be adhered to collective members; and as a pedagogical device and learning for children, both in the family, the community as well as the school as a media, sources and learning agency. With qualitative approach, the text study toward three stories (satua), it was found the classical Balinese wisdom is very important for the students’ cha...

Linguistically speaking, Sundanese has a wide range of reduplicated words and as well delivers different meaning in a different words form wherever it be added by suffixes, infixes, or prefixes. This research try to presents and classify kinds of reduplication in Sundanese, in which stage they belong and how they can be different or not semantically and morphologically, and how they can presumably be similiar or different from one another. The data collection will involve correspondence to be asked about some word that can be reduplicated, using semantics and morphology as the approach to see the occurrence. Based on the data that has been investigated and classified, Sundanese reduplication can be applicable to all semantics properties. Thus, if Augmentation can be expressed by Sudanese reduplication, so does Diminution. On the other hand, if intensification can also be expressed by means of reduplication in Sudanese, so attenuation can also be expressed by Sudanese reduplication. ...

Language varieties may be classified according to the users of the language. Regarding the so-cial stratification of the society where the language is spoken, language can divided into high, middle and lower variety. Language varieties which concern with social stratification between upper and lower class speaker is mentioned as diglossia. This research aims at identifying types and meaning of diglossia occur in Puri Agung Tegal Tamu and also investigating what factors influenced the used of diglossia in religious activities since Puri becomes the center of culture and a place where the civiliza-tion begins. In Puri Agung Tegal Tamu of Gianyar Regency, religous activities often take place such as maaturan, nunas tirta and nunas muput or ngantebin. This research concludes that the diglossia is classified into formal diglossia. Its occurrence in religious activities such as: inggih (yes), uning (know), elingang (remember) as part of H language variety and nah (yes), tawang (know), ing...

The research on emblematic meanings of traditional medicinal herbs is descriptive qualitative research. The data of the research were mostly obtained from texts containing descriptions of local wisdom values found in the names of traditional medicinal herbs. The data were also obtained from the researcher’s intuitive ideas as a member of the community where the local wisdom is shared and lived by. The data were obtained by using two methods, namely observation, and speaking methods. The observation method was carried out by using a note-taking technique, while the speaking method was carried out by using the recording technique. The conversation between the researcher and the research informants was recorded and then transcribed to find the required data. The participatory interview method employed an in-depth interview to obtain the description of local wisdom values specifically. The proliferation of data was concluded by classifying and typifying the data after being identified f...

Economic and technology development are the main reason of language shift. It is not wrong however it will be serious problem toward a certain language continuity. Therefore it is necessary to have language maintenance. PENDAHULUAN Di dalam masyarakat seseorang tidak lagi dipandang sebagai individu yang terpisah dari yang lain. Ia merupakan anggota dari kelompok sosialnya. Oleh karena itu bahasa dan pemakaian bahasanya tidak diamati secara individual, tetapi selalu dihubungkan dengan kegiatannya di dalam masyarakat. Sosiolinguistik menempatkan kedudukan bahasa dalam hubungannya dengan pemakaiannya di dalam masyarakat. Ini berarti bahwa sosiolinguistik memandang bahasa pertama-tama sebagai sistem sosial dan sistem komunikasi, serta bagian dari masyarakat dan kebudayaan tertentu (Suwito, 1983). Sedangkan pemakaian bahasa adalah bentuk interaksi sosial yang terjadi di dalam situasi-situasi yang kongkret. Dalam interaksi sosial terjadi saling pengaruh. Orang yang lebih aktif akan mendom...

Kidung Megat Kung merupakan salah satu bukti bagi masyarakat Bali dan sebagai cermin dari budaya tradisional Bali, walaupun kidung ini belum begitu terkenal bagi pecinta sastra Bali tetapi dari segi isi dan mutu tidak kalah bila dibandingkan dengan kidung atau geguritan yang lainnya. Di dalam Kidung Megat Kung ini tercermin tentang kehidupan pengarang yang menyatakan bahwa dirinya tiada arti di dunia ini karena hidup penuh dengan penderitaan. Disamping itu pula karya bukan saja ditujukan kepada dirinya sendiri melainkan juga untuk orang lain dari semenjak lahir. Bila hal ini kita simak betapa kehebatan pengawi pada waktu itu, dalam keadaan menderita mereka marnpu menciptakan sebuah karya sastra yang bernilai.

Bahasa daerah Bali masih eksis sebagai muatan lokal wajib pada jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menangah.Sistem bicara bahasa Bali yang unik dengan anggah-ungguh basa-nya merupakan warisan budaya Bali yang patut diselamatkan.Mengingat bahasa daerah Bali memiliki peran yang strategis sebagai wahana dan akar budaya Bali, maka bahasa daerah Bali patut dipelihara, dibina, dan dilestarikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat-tingkatan bicara bahasa Bali sebagai dampak dari adanya anggah-ungguh kruna bahasa Bali.Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sosiolinguistik Fishman (1986). Dalam pengumpulan data digunakan metode observasi dan metode wawancara.Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif analitis. Berdasarkan anggah-ungguh kruna sebagai pembentuknya, tingkatan bahasa Bali dibedakan atas (1) basa kasar (kasar jabag dan kasar pisan, (2) basa andap, (3) basa madia, dan (4) basa alus (alus singgih, alus sor, alus mider). 

This paper is a critical look at the glossing of the morpheme an as a definite article in a recently published corpus of the South Eastern dialect of Wastek Mayan, where it sometimes appears in contexts without corresponding nominals, without the semantics of definiteness, or in typologically marked word orders. Three structures involving an are considered: 1. an PREP 1 NOUN word order, 2. post-topic an, and 3. subordinating an. This paper concludes that an is best separated into two different morphemes: its expected use as a definite article (with an ti NOUN order explained through D-toP raising) and a clausal head in the left periphery. Further, evidence shows that both article and complementizer an have a clitic hosting allomorph n-. Finally, rather than positing a synchronic relationship between DP-and CP-dwelling an, they are claimed to have both descended from a Proto-Mayan demonstrative.

Balinese language is one of regional languages in Indonesia that has levels of speaking or anggah-ungguh basa so that it called a unique language. The unique of Balinese language is caused by the system of tribute applying by the speaker to the listener that should be respected. Therefore, the result of this study is to describe the values of character education that implicit in unique Balinese speaking system. This study is qualitative research that dissected by structuralism theory. The source data are obtained by library research that helped by noting technique. The data is obtained and processed by analytic descriptive method. Based on the result of this study is in the unique Balinese speaking system founded twelve of values character education, namely: (1) religious, (2) honesty, (3) tolerance, (4) discipline, (5) creative, (6) democratic, (7) curiosity, (8) love of the homeland, (9) friendship and communicative, (10) love peaceful, (11) concern, and (12) responsibility.

Tetilikan puniki matetujon mangdane uning indik aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana miwah piteket sane wenten ring sajeroning gending rare sane kakaryanin olih Bali TV. Palihan tetilik sane kaanggen ring tetilikan puniki inggih punika deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek tetiliknyane inggih punika gending rare sane kakaryanin olih Bali TV lan objek tetiliknyane inggih punika aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana miwah piteket. Kramaning mupulang data sane kaanggen ring tetilikan puniki inggih punika kramaning seseleh, transkripsi miwah dokumentasi. Ring pikolih tetilikan wenten 18 aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana sane wenten ring gending rare Bali TV. Aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana sane pinih akeh inggih punika tresna ring panegara miwah swadarma. Aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana puniki pinih akeh saantukan aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana punika pinaka dasar mangdane setata maparilaksana becik anggen ngamargiang kahuripan ngantos riwekasan. Aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana sane pinih kidik inggih punika ngajinin anak tios, akeh madue reragragran, nenten nyagerang anak tios, demokratis, seneng ngwacen, miwah urati ring krama. Aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana punika kidik wenten ring pupulan gending rare Bali TV saantukan anake alit nenten prasida nglaksanayang aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana punika. Piteket sane wenten ring gending rare Bali TV inggih punika iraga mangdane bakti ring Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, setata nglaksanayang swadarma, urati ring sawitra miwah wewidangan, lan prasida nglestariang budaya Baline. Kaaptiang majeng ring krama mangdane prasida milihin gending rare sane mawiguna minakadi aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana miwah piteket sane becik. Majeng ring redaksi Bali TV kaaptiang mangdane prasida ngaryanang malih gending rare Bali sane madaging aji pangajah-ajah tata laksana miwah piteket sane becik.

This study aims to determine the characteristics of respondents and Suwawa language vitality criterion based on the average value of the index with the characteristics of respondents. With reference to the purpose, this research is useful to serve as a source of information about the life-force of Suwawa language and can also be used as a material mapping the vitality of regional languages. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The measuring instrument used to analyze the Suwawa language vitality criterion is Likert scale model and index with compare mean test using SPSS 23 application. Analysis of the identification of Suwawa's vitality criteria can be determined by subindex group calculation with four respondent character variables, ie sex, group age, education level. Based on the results of data analysis Suwawa's vitality criteria are classified as Stable and steady, but are threatened with extinction.

This paper presents a study on the form-meaning relationship within a subpart of the lexicon, namely lexical reduplication. It compares the semantic classification of lexical reduplication in diverse languages, focusing on three quantitative studies on the distributions of semantic categories in three typologically and genetically unrelated languages, Bikol, Tibetan and Arabic. On this basis, it is argued that the common view that lexical reduplications are a “semantically arbitrary class” and as such irrelevant for studies on reduplication is not justified. It is in contrast claimed that the mapping of certain meanings on this specific phonological pattern is highly iconic, and that these word forms can be classified as a specific subgroup of expressives. This group even shows remarkable parallels with the prototypical meanings of morphological reduplication. An explanation for this – certainly controversially discussed – observation could be provided by the cognitive semiotic conc...

Tetilikan puniki matetujon nlatarang: (1) wangun jroning karya sastra, lan (2) mustika paajah-ajahan pawatekan. Jejering tetilikan, pupulan satua bawak basa Bali kawian I Gde Dharna. Penandang tetilikan, wangun jroning karya sastra, lan mustika paajah-ajahan pawatekan. Tetilikan nganggen kramaning  dokumentasi, ngwacen, lan nyatet ri kala mupulang data wangun jroning karya sastra, lan mustika paajah-ajahan pawatekan. Data tureksa sane kanggen: (1) reduksi data; (2) nlatarang data; lan (3) panyutetan (verifikasi). Pikolih tetilikan pupulan satua bawak basa Bali kawian I Gde Dharna, sakadi: (1) wangun jroning karya sastra wenten pitu, sakadi: murda, unteng, pragina, rerawatan, lelintihan, pangresep, lan piteket. (2) Mustika paajah-ajahan pawatekan kapolihang 18, sakadi: sradha bhakti, arjawa, awiwahara, tinut sesana, teleb makarya, ngawi parindikan anyar, sida ngraga, nenten minayang sesamen jana, rasa meled uning, dharma negara, tresna negara, ngajiang kawagedan, masawitra, santi ras...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan: (1) Arti kata Bahasa Bali Kuna yang ada pada prasasti tahun 915-942 Masehi dan tahun 951-983 Masehi, (2) Perubahan makna Bahasa Bali Kuna dalam Bahasa Bali Baru. Subjek penelitian ini adalah prasasti berbahasa Bali Kuna dari tahun 915-942 Masehi dan tahun 951-983 Masehi. Objek penelitian ini adalah perubahan makna Bahasa Bali Kuna dalam Bahasa Bali Baru.Teori yang di gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah (1) teori semantic, (2) teori sosiolinguistik, dan (3) teori terjemahan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah indentifikasi data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, interpretasi data dan kesimpulan. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah (1) Arti kata Bahasa Bali Kuna pada prasasti tahun 915-942 Masehi dan tahun 951-983 Masehi, dan artinya masing-masing yang berupa 95 kata yang memiliki arti tetap, 24 kata yang meiliki arti berubah total, dan 53 kata yang memiliki ...

Tetilikan puniki matetujon mahbahang (1) tata titi pangajah-ajahan sane patut sajeroning ngawigunayang media audio visual kanggen nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja, (2) ngawigunayang media audio visual prasida nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja, miwah (3) panampen sisia ring kawentenan media audio visual kanggen nincapang kawagedan matembang pupuh Ginada sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja. Wangun tetilikan wantah tetilikan tindakan kelas sane nganggen 2 pailehan. Jejering tetilikannyane guru lan sisia kelas X IBB 1 SMA Negeri 3 Singaraja. Panandang tetilikan inggih punika tata titi pangajah-ajahan, kawagedan, miwah panampen sisia. Pamupulan data nganggen kramaning praktiasa, tes, miwah angket/kuesioner. Tata cara data tureksa sane kaanggen inggih punika analisis kuantitatif miwah analisis kualitatif. Pikolih tetilikan nyantenang (1) tata titi pangajah-ajahan sane patut saje...

Tetilikan puniki nlatarang (1) kawentenan pangater anusuara ring Basa Bali Kuna; (2) soroh kruna sane kaleketin olih pangater anusuara ring Basa Bali Kuna; (3)  teges pangater anusuara ring Basa Bali Kuna. Tetilik puniki nganggen pahan deskriptif kualitatif. Jejering tetilikan puniki inggih punika Basa Bali Kuna sajeroning Prasasti Bali Kuna: Wangun lan Teges, penandangnyanne Pangater Anusuara. tetilik puniki nganggen tata cara mupulang data, dokumentasi, sadu wicara. Pikolih saking tetilikan puniki (1) kawentenan pangater anusuara ring Basa Bali Kuna; (2) soroh kruna ring Basa Bali Kuna; (3) teges pangater anusuara ring Basa Bali Kuna. wenten 11 prasasti sane katilikin. Kapolihang 101 kruna sane kaleketin olih pangater anusuara, miwah soroh kruna wenten 5 soroh saking makasami prasasti sane katilikin, nanging sane pinih akeh kapolihang kruna kria lan kruna aran. Makasami kruna sane kaleketin madue teges ipun.Kruna jejaton: basa bali kuna, pangater anusuara, prasasti, wangun lan teges

Penelitian ini bertujuan  (1) menjelaskan keberadaan kalimat efektif  di Radio Citra Bali FM menurut cirri-cirinya (2) menjelaskan permasalahan yang dialami penyiar ketika menyusun kalimat efektif di acara Terpong Buleleng. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah penulisan teks berita  di Radio Citra Bali FM. Obyek penelitian ini tentang penggunaan kalimat efektif dalam berita yang ada di Radio Citra Bali FM diacara Teropong Buleleng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data  yang digunakan Deskriftif Kualitatif,seperti  Identitas data, Klasifikasi data, Reduksi data, Deskripsi Data, Analisis Data ,dan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu (1) Berdasarkan cirri-cirinya sebanyak 1225 kalimat dalam berita  Radio Citra Bali FM di kategorikan  sebagai kalimat efektif, sedangkan sebanyak 146 kalimat di kategorikan sebagai kalimat yang tidak efektif. Kalimat yang tidak efektif disebabkan oleh cirri kesatuan,kehematan, penekanan (2)  permasalahan yang dia...

Tetilikan puniki matetujon nlatarang indik (1) tata cara media pembelajaran topi aksara sane kasurat antuk aplikasi Balinese font and keyboard  (2) kawentenan media pembelajaran topi aksara sane kasurat antuk aplikasi Balinese font and keyboard nincapang kawagedan ngwacen aksara Bali sisia kelas IVA SD Negeri 2 Sakti Nusa Penida (3) penampen sisia indik media pembelajaran topi aksara sane kasurat antuk aplikasi Balinese font and keyboard. Ring tetilikan puniki kaanggen aplikasi Balinese font and keyboard mawinan kawentenan aplikasinyane sane durung wenten kaanggen ring tetilikan sane lianan lan wentuk aksaranyane sane pinih becik yening kasaihang sareng aplikasi aksara Bali sane lianan sane akehan aksaranyane matumpuk-tumpuk, sekadi imba silih tunggil kawentenan pepet lan cecek yening ring aplikasi lianan matumpuk, nanging ring aplikasi Balinese font and keyboard nenten matumpuk. Jejering tetliknyane inggih punika guru basa Bali lan sisia kelas IVA SD Negeri 2 Sakti Nusa Penida lan ...

Tetilikan puniki matetujon nelatarang (1) tata cara ngawigunayang model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS antuk aplikasi PaTik Bali ring palajahan nyurat pupuh Durma sisia XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja (2) kawagedan sisia XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja sawusan ngawigunayang model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS antuk aplikasi PaTik Bali ring palajahan nyurat pupuh durma, lan (3) panampen sisia XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja indik kawentenan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS ring paplajahan nyurat durma. Tetilikan sane kamargiang puniki nganggen data deskriptif kualitatif lan kuantitatif. Jejering ring tetilikan puniki inggih punika guru basa Bali lan sisia kelas XI BDPM C SMK Negeri 1 Singaraja nglantur panandang tetilikan inggih punika pangajahan antuk model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS. Kramaning mupulang data inggih punika kramaning pratiaksa, tes miwah angket/kuesioner. Pikolih sajeroning tetilikan puniki inggih punika (1) tata cara guru ngawigunayang Model Pembe...

Tulisan ini merupakan salah satu sub tema dari hasil penelitian tentang satua-satua Bali. Pendidikan Agama Hindu dalam satua Tjai Tjenik ini digambarkan dalam beberapa kejadian dan tokoh. Ajaran Guru Susrusa, Karma, Catur Paramita, Dama dan Arjawa secara implisit mengalir dalam percakapan para tokoh dan kejadian di dalamnya. Satua Tjai Tjenik dan juga satua Bali lainnya hendaknya dapat dijadikan sebagai media pendidikan agama Hindu agar terwujud generasi muda Hindu yang religius dan berkarakter mulia.

This paper examines the literary and ethnolinguistic aspects of the Balinese lontar (palm leaf) manuscript of Rukmini Tatwa, which documents the treatment and care of male and female sexual organs. This manuscript contains rich ancient knowledge of local ethnobotany related to various spices primarily for the treatment and care of male and female sexual organs to achieve ultimate sexual harmony for married couples. The study focusses on the textual and contextual analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspects of the manuscript. The approach of the analysis is descriptive-qualitative within ethnobotanical literature and cognitive ethnolinguistics. The novelty of the present study is its integrated interdisciplinary analysis from a socio-cultural-linguistic cognitive perspective. Significant findings include intriguing uses of ethnolinguistic strategies and resources in the form of literary features, genres, and symbolic lexicons in Balinese Hindu culture and diglossic multilingual context to augment aesthetic and mystical-religious experiences and mitigate the effect of negative social (taboo) meaning closely linked to sexual discourse.

Abstrak (in Indonesian)
Tulisan ini mengkaji aspek estetis sastra dan berbagai aspek etnolinguistik dan kultural terkait implementasi ramuan rempah dalam manuksrip Bali Rukmini Tatwa yang mendokumentasikan pengobatan dan perawatan organ keperkasaan pria dan kecantikan wanita. Manuksrip ini merupakan salah satu khazanah budaya Bali yang mencerminkan kekayaan intelektual orang Bali di masa silam, yang dituang di atas daun rontal dengan aksara lokal Bali dalam bingkai bahasa sastra. Kekayaan informasi dan pengetahuan etnobonati lokal yang terdokumentasikan dalam manuskrip ini mencakup berbagai ramuan rempah utamanya untuk pengobatan dan perawatan organ seksual pria dan wanita, khsususnya bagi pasangan suami istri. Fokus kajian pada aspek kognitif kultural linguistik yang terintegrasi dalam analisis tekstual dan kontekstual. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnobotani sastra, linguistik kognitif dan kognitif-kultural. Analisis juga didukung oleh temuan penelitian dan sumber-sumber tertulis lainnya yang terkait dengan kajian ramuan rempah. Kebaruan analisis manuksrip Bali Rukmini Tatwa ini pada kajian kognitifnya dalam perspektif sosio-kultural-linguistik. Temuan penting diantaranya penggunaan strategi dan daya etnolinguistik berupa fitur-fitur ragam (genre), majas sastra, dan leksikon simbolik dalam konteks budaya Hindu Bali untuk augmentasi efek pengalaman rasa estetis dan mistis-keagamaan, dan mitigasi efek rasa sosial/makna tabu. Diharapkan warisan pengetahuan leluhur tentang rempah dan pengobatan dalam lontar Rukmini Tatwa ini tetap lestari, dapat diterapkan, diadaptasikan dan dikembangakan dalam kehidupan modern sehari-hari. Abstract This paper examines the literary and ethnolinguistic aspects of the Balinese lontar (palm leaf) manuscript of Rukmini Tatwa, which documents the treatment and care of male and female sexual organs. This manuscript contains rich ancient knowledge of local ethnobotany related to various spices primarily for the treatment and care of male and female sexual organs to achieve ultimate sexual harmony for married couples. The study focusses on the textual and contextual analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspects of the manuscript. The approach of the analysis is descriptive-qualitative within ethnobotanical literature and cognitive ethnolinguistics. The novelty of the present study is its integrated interdisciplinary analysis from a socio-cultural-linguistic cognitive perspective. Significant findings include intriguing uses of ethnolinguistic strategies and resources in the form of literary features, genres, and symbolic lexicons in Balinese Hindu culture and diglossic multilingual context to augment aesthetic and mystical-religious experiences and mitigate the effect of negative social (taboo) meaning closely linked to sexual discourse.