Government Budgeting

Sports development in India has been a key concern for the nation for several years. Few key factors hinder the growth of the sporting scenario which need to be addressed. The purpose of this study is to explore the integration and innovation of blockchain technology for grassroots development and funding in the Indian sports industry. First, the technology's features and scope are described, as well as its applications in various industries. Second, an overview of the global sports industry is presented, with a focus on the income generation of players, teams, and associated organizations in order to comprehend the industry's value chain as a whole. The sports landscape in India is then examined in-depth, with observations made based on grassroots development through governance, schemes, and private entities. Finally, the system's major difficulties are identified, and ideas for incorporating blockchain technology to address those issues are presented. Therefore, a strategic solution to an evident problem has been conveyed through this research thus it poses a practical significance.

Public sector financial reforms have been introduced in emerging economies as part of World Bank and International Monetary Fund packages for economic development in the belief that introducing more sound financial practices will contribute to economic development and reduce budget deficits. As a consequence, some emerging economies have adopted Planned Program Budgeting Systems (PPBS). PPBS is advocated as a financial management tool that improves accounting for public funds by allocating resources to the most viable programmes and provides valuable information for planning and control by policy makers. However, the introduction of PPBS in emerging countries has been beset with implementation problems, which has frustrated its objective of facilitating development. This paper examines the role of PPBS in the economic development of Malawi and analyses factors affecting its outcomes and implementation. PPBS was introduced as part of budgetary reforms forming conditions for loans attached to a World Bank Structural Adjustment Program to Malawi. The paper briefly overviews the nature of PPBS, what constitutes successful implementation, factors that contribute to this, and arguments for and against PPBS, especially those of Caiden and Wildavsky who are sceptical of its effectiveness in poor countries. After a brief profile of the economic and financial situation in Malawi, the paper examines how PPB was implemented in Malawi, the extent to which it succeeded, and factors influencing outcomes. Whilst previous planning systems were problematical, there was evidence to support Caiden and Wildavskys’ reservations about PPBS in developing countries and their promotion of simpler alternative budget measures. The paper concludes with reflections on financial reforms in other emerging economies.

In 1978, the citizens of California took the historic step of voting for Proposition 13, thus reducing property taxes by 57%. Already known as a trend setting state, California's tax revolt was no different, as similar tax revisions quickly spread across the United States of America. In California, state and local governments struggled to find a way to manage the loss in revenue. On many occasions budget cuts were the solution. Library budgets were frequently the target of those cuts. Proposition 13-America's Second Great Tax Revolt details how libraries prioritized, managed and reacted to hardships in this new world, and have done so in California for the last forty years where Proposition 13 is still the law. Library and information science professionals were facing budget cuts that were as high as 65% with little to no guarantee of what future budgets were to be. The actions they took, and the rationale behind those actions, offer significant lessons to be learned by the library community on both an academic and practitioner level. Exploring the intended and unintended consequences of Proposition 13, this book provides an insightful understanding of how to manage a library budget given a difficult funding situation. It examines the thought processes behind government financing and spending priorities, and considers how libraries can organize, and participate in activism to influence decision makers.

Bending the Cost Curve in Health Care offers domestic and international perspectives on the management of ever growing health costs. The objective of the book is to get beyond the sterile debates of the past decade and to try to determine where Canada sits, and should sit, in terms of its health care cost curve, in comparison to other OECD countries.
Leading experts from around the world and from a range of disciplines and professional backgrounds lay out the problems faced by policy-makers and provide international case studies from the UK, Norway, the United States, Australia, and Asia. Provincial experiences within Canada are explored in depth, and analyses of pan-Canadian issues such as pharmaceuticals and public-sector health spending address the question of the sustainability of health care in Canada.

This article provides an overview of the key research findings of the study on Fiscal Responsibility performed by the Center for Public and Corporate Governance. The study places emphasis on the role of governance practices and fiscal results; transparent and open governance; the capabilities of public institutions; the legal and regulatory framework; proper alignment between strategic planning, budget formulation and evaluation; the transparency and accountability of public affairs and, the economic development of Puerto Rico. The aim of the study is to analyze the government of Puerto Rico’s fiscal and economic practices in the context of governance, with special emphasis on the following variables: fiscal policy, economic policy, government budget revenues and expenditures, budget results, public debt and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP) and economic development. The study was conducted by: Eneida Torres, Rafael Durand, Cesar Sobrino, Mari Glory Gonz...

El presupuesto publico, las reformas tributarias y las balanzas de pago son variables macroeconomicas que contribuyen al crecimiento economico de una nacion y que dan cuenta del manejo de los recursos por parte del gobierno central. El objetivo de la presente investigacion es el de analizar como se correlacionan estas variables para el caso de Colombia, a la luz de las reformas tributarias planteadas entre 1986 y 2012. Una de las conclusiones que se obtiene es que la base de la orientacion economica del gobierno central en la formulacion de reformas tributarias en los ultimos 25 anos es, esencialmente, de caracter fiscal para garantizar el cumplimiento del presupuesto publico, mas no para el crecimiento economico de la nacion.

Justice services as a public service offered for the common
needs of the society constitute the expenditures of justice
in terms of the shares which separated from the government budget. The expenditures made for justice services
in Turkey and the efficiency expected from justice services
are directly related to the share allocated from the government budget. In this context, firstly the conceptual dimensions of justice and justice services are taken into consideration. Later, the characteristics of justice services and
their effects on the economy were mentioned and the
place and development of justice expenditures in the central government budget were evaluated.

In order to track whether we are making progress in reducing
child mortality, citizens and child rights monitors need access
to information from their governments. This study set out
to establish the degree of budget transparency in five African
countries in relation to one critical issue: child nutrition. The aim
was to identify important transparency gaps, so that we as civil
society can advocate more precisely for the budget information
we need to keep effective oversight.