Hadramawt

Bâ Alevî seyyidlerinden Abdullah b. Alevî el-Haddâd, 1044-1132/1634-1720 tarihleri arasında Yemen’in Hadramut bölgesinde yaşamış bir sûfîdir. Küçük yaşlarda gözlerini kaybetmiş olsa da ilim öğrenmeye yönelik iştiyakı ve gayreti onun genç yaşlarda hatrı sayılır bir ilmî olgunluğa erişmesini sağlamıştır. Zâhirî ilimleri tahsil ettikten sonra tasavvufa yönelen Seyyid Abdullah; Akîl b. Abdurrahman es-Sekkâf, Ömer el-Attâs, Nezîlü Mekke Muhammed b. Alevî başta olmak üzere devrinin birçok şeyhinden hırka giymiştir. “İmam Haddâd” nisbesiyle anılan Abdullah b. Alevî, XVII-XVIII. asırlarda Aleviyye tarikatının önemli bir temsilcisi görülmüş ve tarikatın Haddâdiyye şubesinin kurucusu kabul edilmiştir. İlim, ibâdet ve ahlakıyla mütemeyyiz bir şahsiyet olan Abdullah b. Alevî birçok talebe yetiştirmiş ve ardında kıymetli eserler bırakmıştır.
Bu çalışma Yemen coğrafyasında ortaya çıkan Aleviyye tarikatının önemli temsilcilerinden Abdullah b. Alevî el-Haddâd’ın hayatı, eserleri ve tasavvuf anlayışını konu edinmektedir. Çalışma giriş, iki bölüm ve sonuç kısımlarından müteşekkil olup ilk bölüm Abdullah b. Alevî’nin hayatı, ilmî şahsiyeti ve eserleri konularını ihtivâ etmektedir. İkinci bölüm ise Risâletü’l-müzâkera, Risâletü’l-mu‘âvene, Risâletü’l-mürîd, en-Nesâihu’d-dîniyye ve el-Füsûlü’l-‘ilmiyye isimli eserleri bağlamında tasavvuf anlayışı konusuna tahsis edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tasavvuf, Abdullah b. Alevî el-Haddâd, Bâ Alevî, Aleviyye, Haddâdiyye, Hadramut, Yemen.

As one of the descendants of the prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) Abdallah ibn Alawī al-Haddād is a sūfī who lived in Hadramawt region of Yemen between 1044-1132/1634-1720. Despite the fact that he lost his both eyes in early ages, his zeal and passion for learning caused him to acquire a considerable maturity on religious sciences in his young ages. After finishing positive sciences Sayyid ‘Abdallah wend his way to sufism and took ratification from many sheikhs (such as ‘Aqīl ibn Abdarrahmān es-Saqqāf, ‘Umar al-Attās, Nezīl al-Mecca Muhammad ibn Alawī) of his age. Being called with the epithet of “al-Imām al-Haddād” ‘Abdallah ibn ‘Alawī was seen as an important representative of ‘Alawiyya order in XVII and XVIIIth centuries and accepted as the founder of Haddādiyya branch of the order. As a prominent personality in religious knowledge, worship and ethics ‘Abdallah ibn ‘Alawī raised many students and left valuable works behind.
This study is on the life, works and understandings of sufism of ‘Abdallah ibn Alawī al-Haddād who is an important representative of Alawiyya order emerged in geography of Yemen. The study consists of introduction, two chapters and conclusion. The first chapter is allocated to the life, theological personality and works of ‘Abdallah ibn ‘Alawī al-Haddād and in the second chapter his understandig of sufism is analysed in the context of his works named: Risālah al-muzākera, Risālah al-mu‘āvene, Risālah al-murīd, al-Nesāih al-dīniyya ve al-Füsûl al-‘ilmiyya.

In 1984 in the course of the investigations carried out by the joint Soviet-Yemeni Interdisciplinary expedition in the Republic of Yemen, Hadramaut province the multilayer stratified cave site Al-Guza was discovered. The site has yielded rich and significant stone industry of the Oldowan type. This brochure give an opportunity of general acquaintance with an extraordinary archaeological monument.

The 'Periplus of the Red Sea' was written around the year 70 CE by an anonymous Alexandrian Egyptian merchant and captain, who certainly had personal experience in vast parts of that navigation and trade network area, and wished to compile a kind of guide for sailors and traders.

As the 'Periplus of the Red Sea' describes navigation routes, in the first (from Arsinoe / Suez to Rhapta / Dar es Salam) sea route, the coasts of Somalia occupy the largest part of the text (paragraph 8 to paragraph 18 out of a total of 18 paragraphs). In the first 7 paragraphs of the text, the author describes the navigation (from to) and the trade in harbours and ports of call in the coasts of today's Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea.
.............................
The entire coast beyond Adulis up to Avalites on the Bab el Mandeb straits belonged reportedly to Axum. Beyond that point extended 'I Alli Berberia', the Other Berberia.

The 7th Chapter of the Periplus of the Red Sea is dedicated to Avalites. We find useful to publish it here integrally so that we give the reader full details about the Other Berberia.
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Somalia--the-Other-Berberia--Abyssinia--Yemen-and-the-Periplus-of-the-Red-Sea/101573
2008-05-16

Ce chapitre conclut un volume consacré à la publication des fouilles de l’important site côtier de Sharma (Hadramawt, Yémen) sous la direction d’Axelle Rougeulle. La découverte de ce comptoir marchand littoral, exclusivement occupé par de nombreux entrepôts (jusqu’à une cinquantaine) entre la fin du Xe siècle et la fin du XIIe siècle, où ont été exhumées de grandes quantités de produits venant de Chine, d’Inde, du golfe Persique et d’Afrique orientale, a apporté une contribution majeure à la connaissance du grand commerce de l’océan Indien occidental pour une période mal connue jusque là. Le chapitre examine l’insertion de Sharma dans le contexte local, régional et transocéanique en s’appuyant sur la relecture de sources contemporaines. Il esquisse une nouvelle périodisation historique de l’histoire du commerce islamique dans l’océan Indien, en insistant sur les recompositions du milieu du XIe siècle et sur les conditions de l’effacement des réseaux sirafis du Golfe au cours du XIIe siècle.

"The recent discovery of evidence for the production of Levallois points in Hadramawt, in the east of Yemen, marks a milestone in the development of definitions of the Palaeolithic in the Arabian peninsula. These industries, still undated, but very likely from the Middle Palaeolithic, are currently almost exclusively documented by cores found on the surface of several sites at the top of the Hadramawt limestone plateaus.
The scope of this paper is to structure, in a preliminary approach, the Levallois production schemes observed in Yemen. This work is based on a still limited corpus of materials and might be somewhat arbitrary. Further investigations will show which of the production schemes present in fact reflect the prevailing southern Arabian mainstream. This study of the last phases of production on the cores allowed six production patterns to be identified, which show the making of two types of Levallois points; the so-called “classical” points and “constructed” points. These patterns reflect a variability of production within the limited geographical area in which this study has been conducted.
Through a comparative approach with other sites of production of Levallois points in neighbouring and more distant regions (East Africa, the Levant and Europe), we attempt to determine to what extent the production of Levallois points displays technical, and therefore cultural, similarities in the Hadramawt and around the world."

In an earlier article published under the title ‘Devastating HRW Report on Yemen Reveals Need for Instant Secession of the South’
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/133889), I republished part of the enlightening HRW Report on South Yemen, namely the Contents, the Summary, and the Recommendations. In the present article, I republish further parts, notably the Methodology and the Background, including however again the Contents in order to offer a brief overview to readers. At the end, the notes to the aforementioned parts are made available.

Although the Report focuses on violations of Human Rights in occupied South Yemen, a brief historical background is added (that I integrally republish herewith). The background’s largest part is dedicated to the mechanisms of control and oppression, and to Yemenite politics after the forced unification. Yet, two paragraphs are included for the description of Yemenite History’s earlier phases. The over-generalizations, misconceptions, oversights and inaccuracies found therein reveal the epicenter of the problem that lies in the false representation of the historical reality by the Anglo-French academia.

Only because of the Orientalist fallacies and their totalitarian imposition throughout the Western academia and universities, the world’s mass media (controlled by those who generate the Orientalist fallacies) manage to be successful in their systematic work of distortion of today’s reality. With the average people misinformed and misled, the Freemasonic regimes of London, Paris and Washington face practically speaking no opposition to their shameful and Anti-Christian deeds.

I will first refute in brief the inaccuracies contained in these two paragraphs, and then proceed with the Report’s republication.
9 February 2010
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Yemen-s-History-Distorted-to-Fit-Freemasonic-Anglo-French-Goals---HRW-Report-s-Background/199739

Digital tools provide a shortcut to thousands of primary sources
one would not consult otherwise. Historians opt for books with taʾrīkh in their
title, while geographers turn to titles such as Buldān and Masālik. But crucial evidence
often wanders to the weirdest of sources. The boundaries between “genres”
are imaginary anyway, and the tiniest particles prosopographies are made of are
indifferent to the sources in which they appear.

The discovery of several surface sites revealed the existence of an original type of lithic industry, unknown until now in Yemen, and in the rest of South Arabia. This type of debitage, called the “Wa'shah method” is a method of laminar debitage (blade production). We announced this discovery in a former PSAS paper (Crassard & Bodu 2004), and here we develop the definition of this type of debitage in the light of recent analyses.

As far as the history of Yemen is concerned, the 'Periplus of the Erythraean (Red) Sea' is a valuable source of information – among many other similar sources – written in Ancient Greek by an Egyptian captain and merchant of Alexandria in the second half of the 1st CE.

The text offers no less than 19 of its 66 paragraphs to the area of the then Yemenite states and of their colonies on the Eastern Coast of Africa. If we only count that the text starts with the description of the Red Sea coast of Egypt and goes down to the coast of today’s Tanzania, and then it continues with the narration of details about the coast of Arabia, and – after Yemen – the Persian Gulf, the coast of Persia, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, finally ending with a brief account of the way to reach China through Indochina, we deduce that the significance of Yemen within the East – West trade and navigation must have been seminal.
Also published in AfroArticles: 22nd March 2008
Presented as video:
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3xx14b_hadhramaut-the-frankincense-bearing-country-by-prof-muhammad-shamsaddin-megalommatis_school

Dr. Eva Hoeck (1917-1995) arbeitet als eine der wenigen Europäer*innen von Januar 1948 bis 1950 als Ärztin in Ta‘iz, im Süden des Nordjemen (Königreich Jemen), zu dieser Zeit Hauptstadt des Landes (siehe Gierlichs 2020: 70-75). Am Ende dieser Zeit beschließt sie, nicht endgültig nach Deutschland zurückzukehren, sondern geht nach einem kurzen Heimaturlaub ab Ende 1950 bis 1957 nach Shibam in den Hadhramaut (Südjemen), ein Gebiet, das damals zum britischen Protektorat gehört, und es bis 1967 blieb.

The study of the relations entertained by Shabwa with great realms of its time, be they far away or next door, makes up the narrative story of this article.
These bonds, either terrestrial or maritime, helped shape the economic and artistic environnement of Shabwa, capital of the kingdom of Hadhramawt. They would account for the abundance of imporetd items: glasses from Egypt, amphorae from Asia Minor and Italy,  bronze statues, etc.

The study investigates the origin of the motif of the bronze equestrian statues that were lined up at the palace entrance of Shabwah. Such arrangements are known from numerous rural sanctuaries in southern Syria. This image motif could hypothetically have been transmitted by the Nabataeans, whose presence in the Arabia Felix is attested by a bilingual Nabataean-Old South Arabian inscription from Sirwah.

The region that is today defined as the Governorate of Hadhramaut within the Republic of Yemen has had a chequered sociopolitical past. Since the 19th century, the region has been part of two independent local states, a British Protectorate, and after 1967 it has formed part of the Southern and subsequently of the unified Yemeni state. During this historical period, and in spite of attempts at integrating the region into larger political structures, the population of Hadhramaut has retained a particular hadhrami identity. So much so, that the recently concluded Yemeni National Dialogue Conference recommended the transformation of Yemen into a six-region federal state, one of which would be Hadhramaut.

The aim of this paper is therefore to illustrate Hadhrami claims of exceptionality by looking at three distinct episodes in the region’s recent history: the relationship between the Eastern Aden Protectorate and the Federation of South Arabia; the post-independence Maoist takeover of the then Fifth governorate; and the ways in which Hadhrami youth participated in the country-wide demonstrations against president Salih and their relationship to the Southern Movement.

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of the excavation of a residence dated between the second and fourth centuries AD, constructed over the ruins of the South Arabian town of Makaynūn, in central Hadramawt (Yemen). The building yielded a large quantity of material including objects proving contacts between the central Hadramawt and regions located to the north-east, such as central Oman, the Gulf area and India.

In an earlier article published under the title ‘Devastating HRW Report on Yemen Reveals Need for Instant Secession of the South’
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/133889), I republished part of the enlightening HRW Report on South Yemen, namely the Contents, the Summary, and the Recommendations. In the present article, I republish further parts, notably the Methodology and the Background, including however again the Contents in order to offer a brief overview to readers. At the end, the notes to the aforementioned parts are made available.

Although the Report focuses on violations of Human Rights in occupied South Yemen, a brief historical background is added (that I integrally republish herewith). The background’s largest part is dedicated to the mechanisms of control and oppression, and to Yemenite politics after the forced unification. Yet, two paragraphs are included for the description of Yemenite History’s earlier phases. The over-generalizations, misconceptions, oversights and inaccuracies found therein reveal the epicenter of the problem that lies in the false representation of the historical reality by the Anglo-French academia.

Only because of the Orientalist fallacies and their totalitarian imposition throughout the Western academia and universities, the world’s mass media (controlled by those who generate the Orientalist fallacies) manage to be successful in their systematic work of distortion of today’s reality. With the average people misinformed and misled, the Freemasonic regimes of London, Paris and Washington face practically speaking no opposition to their shameful and Anti-Christian deeds.

I will first refute in brief the inaccuracies contained in these two paragraphs, and then proceed with the Report’s republication.
9 February 2010
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Yemen-s-History-Distorted-to-Fit-Freemasonic-Anglo-French-Goals---HRW-Report-s-Background/199739