History of calculus

In 1930, the engineer Theodoro Ramos published a book on vector calculus through the French publisher Albert Blanchard. The context of is publication, the publishing house where it was printed, the market for books of this kind in France, and the appearance of this topic in the history of calculus are discussed. Some of the contents and material aspects of several works of a similar nature published in the same period are compared with a view to bringing to light the innovations and consistencies of the book in question vis-à-vis this bibliographic corpus. Alongside its intrinsically mathematical aspects, the sometimes conflicting representations of the book by specialists and students in its trajectory between São Paulo and Europe are observed.

The most important concept in mathematics is the concept of number, and yet no one after Euclid or before me realised how a number is perfectly derived from nothing using only one's brain of course.

In this mind-blowing article, I share with you my personal journey in understanding the concept of number.

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Download the most important mathematics book ever written here for free!

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CIul68phzuOe6JZwsCuBuXUR8X-AkgEO

Download this incredible Geogebra applet which guides you through all the four basic arithmetic operations using ONLY magnitudes:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_CejBxJQCjPploeGz2KWPNWRphpAbf2k

The phrase “calculus was made rigorous...” or its equivalent has appeared in thousands of textbooks and has been repeated ad nauseam by thousands, if not millions of academics and their sycophant followers and students alike. Today, it is considered to be the cornerstone of mainstream doctrine. The truth however, is very different to a lie that repeated so many times comes to be doctrine accepted by the majority.

Never ceases to surprise me how much utter garbage such as "History of the infinitely small and the infinitely large in calculus" (https://www.academia.edu/35685248/HISTORY_OF_THE_INFINITELY_SMALL_AND_THE_INFINITELY_LARGE_IN_CALCULUS) by Hugo Mendivil gets 770 views and my article which reveals that the mainstream formulation of calculus is bogus gets a mere 12 views!

https://www.academia.edu/45408445/Big_Lie_Calculus_was_made_rigorous

I have always claimed that the majority of the human race is incorrigibly stupid, especially those in mainstream math academia. Sigh...

LOGARITHM (Arithmetic) d'Alembert LOGARITHM. Number in an arithmetic progression, which corresponds to another number in a geometric progression. To understand the nature of logarithms in a suitably clear and distinct manner, let us take these two types of progression that have given birth to these numbers; that is, the geometric progression, and the arithmetic progression: let us then suppose that the terms of the one are directly set over the terms of the other, as one sees in the following example:

FORM OF THE EARTH. This important question has raised such a clamor in recent times, learned men – above all in France – have so occupied themselves with it, that we believe we must make it the subject of a specific article, without turning to the word Earth, which will otherwise provide us with plenty of material for other topics.

This paper will investigate the general class theory of polycalculii, and theory originally developed and introduced on the Quora platform as a kind of philosophy of logic and mathematics. The ostensible goal at minima will be to demonstrate the exclusion of an array of class types which edicate the theorem of the polycalculus. The polycalculus is a general method for deriving equivalent calculus’s other than the traditional intelligent calculus. The domain of this discussion is not only mathematics, but also logic, philosophy, and philosophy of science, as well as philosophy of the foundations of mathematics.

The purpose of this article is to prove to any academic who is willing to listen with an open, unbiased mind, that mainstream calculus was never rigorous and still is not rigorous. Why is this so important to understand you may ask. Well, consider that there has been and is a crisis in calculus education ever since it was discovered. Calculus has been out of reach for most of humanity. The majority of students in every country shy away from this extremely useful knowledge because the mainstream formulation is not only wrong, but horribly obfuscated and based on ill-formed concepts which even the so-called experts of calculus, take years or a lifetime to learn and master. In most cases, they have nothing but a superficial understanding and no clue why calculus works.

In my article called the Big Lie, I explain why mainstream calculus is a flawed formulation and a grand deception whether intended or not.

In this short article I want to show you in just a few simple words exactly how you can teach the derivative and integral without any ill-formed concepts such as infinity, infinitesimals or the colossal rot of limits which are not required in any way whatsoever to master calculus.

A comienzos del siglo XVIII se origina una polémica en la Academia de Ciencias de París a propósito de la fundamentación del cálculo initesimal. Con motivo de la misma Leibniz presentará los infinitesimales como ficciones útiles...
Artículo publicado en Theoria 12:2 (1997) 257-279

A finales del siglo XVII existe un intercambio de cartas entre Leibniz y Johann Bernoulli en el que tratan la posible existencia de una referencia para los infinitesimales. Ambos tratan de justificar el cálculo desde posiciones contrapuestas acerca de la realidad de los infinitesimales. Bernoulli defiende vehementemente la existencia del infinito actual mientras que Leibniz lo niega. Algunas de las afirmaciones de Johann Bernoulli podrían leerse hoy en día como predecesoras de las posturas de Cantor.
Artículo publicado en Contrastes 5 (2000) 61-75

Obwohl sich Leibniz während seines Aufenthalts in Mainz (1667-1672) in
seinen Studien zur Bewegungslehre mit der Indivisibilientheorie Cavalieris auseinandergesetzt hat, waren bisher keine infinitesimalmathematischen Schriften von ihm aus diesem Zeitraum bekannt: Diese Lücke kann nun wenigstens zum Teil geschlossen werden, denn bei der Edition der mathematischen Schriften von Leibniz hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine unter den Manuskripten der Pariser Zeit (1672-1676) verzeichnete Handschrift bereits in Mainz entstanden ist.

Leibniz an der Schwelle zur Infinitesimalmathematik Obwohl sich Leibniz während seines Aufenthalts in Mainz (1667-1672) in seinen Studien zur Bewegungslehre mit der Indivisibilientheorie Cavalieris auseinandergesetzt hat, 1 waren bisher keine infinitesimalmathematischen Schriften von ihm aus diesem Zeitraum bekannt: Diese Lücke kann nun wenigstens zum Teil geschlossen werden, denn bei der Edition der mathematischen Schriften von Leibniz hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine unter den Manuskripten der Pariser Zeit (1672-1676) verzeichnete Handschrift bereits in Mainz entstanden ist. 2 * Der Verfasser dankt Ursula Goldenbaum (Atlanta), Walter S. Contro (Hannover) und Eberhard Knobloch (Berlin) für die freundliche Erlaubnis, von Ihnen noch nicht publizierte Forschungsergebnisse verwenden zu dürfen.

Leibniz an der Schwelle zur Infinitesimalmathematik Obwohl sich Leibniz während seines Aufenthalts in Mainz (1667-1672) in seinen Studien zur Bewegungslehre mit der Indivisibilientheorie Cavalieris auseinandergesetzt hat, 1 waren bisher keine infinitesimalmathematischen Schriften von ihm aus diesem Zeitraum bekannt: Diese Lücke kann nun wenigstens zum Teil geschlossen werden, denn bei der Edition der mathematischen Schriften von Leibniz hat sich herausgestellt, dass eine unter den Manuskripten der Pariser Zeit (1672-1676) verzeichnete Handschrift bereits in Mainz entstanden ist. 2 * Der Verfasser dankt Ursula Goldenbaum (Atlanta), Walter S. Contro (Hannover) und Eberhard Knobloch (Berlin) für die freundliche Erlaubnis, von Ihnen noch nicht publizierte Forschungsergebnisse verwenden zu dürfen.