Institutional PLanning

Management is the primary force within any organization which coordinates the activities of various systems in relation to its objectives. A school being a social organization with specified objectives, the school management means the use of people and other resources to accomplish the objectives of the school.
School management has two major aspects—internal management which covers issues like admission, management of library, laboratory, building, physical, material and financial resources, etc. and—external management which covers relations with the community and outside agencies connected with the establishment and functioning of the school. School management is a cooperative human endeavour and requires the cooperation of teachers, parents, students, community members and local administration for smooth functioning. Though computers are now increasingly used in the management process, it is human element which is the key to all effective management.
It contains conceptual discussion on school management, participatory and non-participatory management and management of various resources. It studies management approaches and decision-making. The book includes discussions on the physical infrastructure of the school in terms of adequacy, availability and utilization along with scores of other issues like space management, delegation of authority, accountability, teacher coordination, liaison with outside agencies including the respective State Education Board, etc.
Besides the students and teachers of school management, the book will prove extremely useful to the managements of various schools across India and different functionaries in Education Boards, departments and agencies related directly or indirectly with education and school management.
This is a syllabus-based book for B.Ed., M.ED & MA(Education) course , especially designed for the students of M.D. University, Kurukshetra University, Ravenshaw University, Utkal University, Rohtak University, Lovely Professional University, Himachal Pradesh University, Punjab University, Fakir Mohan University, Sambalpur University, Central University, Koraput, Central University, Hayana, Central University, Punjab, and J.N. University. The book would be equally useful for MA (Education), B.Ed., B.Ed Special Education M.Ed, M.Ed Special Education and DIET, JBT students of other Colleges of Teacher Education, Center of Advanced Studies in Education, District Institutes of Education and Training, Indian and foreign universities throughout the world.

The legislative system of spatial planning and territorial governance in Bosnia & Herzegovina has been formed over more than a century and under various internal and external influences. In particular, the establishment of planning legislation has been directly related to the changing historical circumstances surrounding different societal and political processes, most notably during the period of former Yugoslavia. However, historical research on the national spatial planning system has been scarce and sporadic, although spatial planning policy has been pursued ever since the 19th century. The present paper, therefore, illustrates the development of spatial planning legislation and institutions in Bosnia & Herzegovina from a historical standpoint. It analyses archival data, including an overview of urban, spatial, and social planning laws and institutions. We start with the 1931 Building Act, which marks the inception of planning legislation in South Slavic countries, before moving toward an analysis of legislative provisions and the system of planning institutions in the period of socialist Yugoslavia. We finish with a reflection on the current situation and prospects. The paper concludes that the establishment of planning legislation in Bosnia & Herzegovina is firmly grounded in the system of former Yugoslavia and has been directly related to the search for a proper planning model among the changing political and societal circumstances.

The legislative system of spatial planning and territorial governance in Bosnia & Herzegovina has been formed over more than a century and under various internal and external influences. In particular, the establishment of planning legislation has been directly related to the changing historical circumstances surrounding different societal and political processes, most notably during the period of former Yugoslavia. However, historical research on the national spatial planning system has been scarce and sporadic, although spatial planning policy has been pursued ever since the 19th century. The present paper, therefore, illustrates the development of spatial planning legislation and institutions in Bosnia & Herzegovina from a historical standpoint. It analyses archival data, including an overview of urban, spatial, and social planning laws and institutions. We start with the 1931 Building Act, which marks the inception of planning legislation in South Slavic countries, before moving...

The article presents part of the results of a research study whose general objective is to understand, from the instructors’ perspec-tive, the dynamics of the processes of change in the development of educational innovation at a university level. The specific objec-tives are: to interpret how the institutional actors reconstruct inno-vations from their collective memory; to identify phases or distinct moments in the development of innovations; to distinguish events, actions, and knowledge constructed during the innovative process that permit explaining the shift from one phase to another and to generate a typology of paths of educational innovations. The study  is a multi-case qualitative study: ten experiences of processes of educational innovations that are part of an institutional program of the National University of Río Cuarto named “Innovation and Re-search Projects for the Improvement of Degree-Oriented Instruc-tion.” As a result we have constructed two types of innovation paths that we have termed recursive and incremental. This classification will facilitate understanding the conditions produced by educational changes: recurrence among political decisions and innovation, re-search, evaluation, instructor training, collaborative work and the effects of emotions. / El artículo expone parte de los resultados de un trabajo de investi-gación cuyo objetivo general es comprender la dinámica de los pro-cesos de cambio en el desarrollo de las innovaciones educativas en la universidad, desde la perspectiva de los docentes involucrados. Los objetivos específicos son: interpretar cómo los actores institu-cionales reconstruyen las innovaciones desde su memoria colectiva; identificar fases o momentos en el desarrollo de las innovaciones; distinguir acontecimientos, acciones y conocimientos construidos  durante el proceso innovador que permiten explicar el pasaje de una fase a otra y generar una tipología de trayectorias de innovacio-nes educativas. Constituye un estudio cualitativo de casos múltiples: diez experiencias educativas innovadoras que se enmarcan en un programa institucional de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto de-nominado “Proyectos de innovación e investigación para el mejora-miento de la enseñanza de grado”. Como resultado construimos dos tipos de trayectorias de innovaciones que denominamos recursiva y progresiva. Éstas permitieron comprender las condiciones produc-toras de los cambios educativos: recursividad entre decisiones po-líticas e innovación, investigación, evaluación, formación docente, trabajo colaborativo y fuerza de las emociones.