Multi-level Governance (Political Science)

Op basis van kwalitatief onderzoek wenst deze thesis een inzicht te verschaffen in welke onderliggende mechanismes een grensoverschrijdende samenwerking tussen Vlaanderen en Brussel kunnen bemoeilijken en vergemakkelijken binnen een veelheid aan bestuurslagen.

Een tekort aan succesvolle samenwerking tussen overheden is het uitgangspunt van de probleemstemming en wordt geïllustreerd door twee cases, maar wordt voorafgegaan door een theoretisch kader met concepten als de breuklijnen- & congruentietheorie en waarmee het mogelijk wordt om intergouvernementele samenwerking in multi-levelsystemen te analyseren.

De resultaten van verschillende elite interviews lichten toe welke ideeën, belangen en instituties hierin een rol zouden kunnen spelen. In een discussiegedeelte worden tot slot enkele ideeën naar voor geschoven die mogelijk beantwoorden hoe een iets als een Brussels Metropolitan zou kunnen werken.

This article compares the cases of the three small, stateless, city-regional nations of Scotland, Catalonia, and the Basque Country in the period after September 2014. Since the referendum on Scottish independence, these nations have, depending on their unique contexts, engaged differently in democratic and deliberative experimentation on the “right to decide” their futures beyond being referential (pluri)nation(al)-states in the UK or Spain. Most recently, the Brexit referendum has triggered a deeper debate on how regional and political demands by these nations could rescale the fixed (pluri)nation(al)-states’ structures while even directly advocating for some sort of “Europeanization”. Based on a broader research programme on comparing city-regional cases titled ‘Benchmarking City-Regions’ (www.cityregions.org), this paper argues that the differences in each of these three cases are noteworthy. Yet, even more substantial are their diverse means of accommodating smart devolutionary strategic pathways of self-determination through political innovation processes among pervasive metropolitanization responses to a growing “post-national urbanity” pattern in the European Union. Ultimately, this paper aims to benchmark how Scotland, Catalonia, and the Basque Country are strategically moving forward beyond their referential (pluri)nation(al)-states in such a new European geopolitical pattern that can be called “post-national urbanity” by formulating devolution, and even independence, in unique metropolitan terms.

Behind the history of what appears to be a cruel invention, a perfect artefact of destruction, lies a story of philanthropy; a reclaim for compassion and for social equity. We portray the guillotine as a technical innovation and analyse its diffusion from a multi-level perspective framewor give it to me next tuesday i am in ouagadougouk. The success of the guillotine is a clear example of how independent circumstances such as a political movement, an individual’s activism for a noble cause and technical simplicity unexpectedly converged to influence a whole continent’s culture for 200 years, the last use of it being in 1977.

Esta obra tem como objetivo demonstrar como a inserção internacional de uma cidade ou região metropolitana não se faz somente por meio de uma paradiplomacia, mas, também, através de uma governança multinível, que extrapola os limites do território nacional, com a participação de atores públicos e privados, nacionais e estrangeiros. Toma-se como caso de estudo a Região Metropoilitana de Campinas e seu processo de inserção internacional.