Sleep Deprivation

AS ii was pondering which title fit, more of those came in.. and that is more apparent how shall ii put it, a war which is fought to annihilate us humans And it is just hanging above in the sky above us looking at it from the surface and remembering, more precisely knowing that this is a death that is imposed on us in this way, in war. But it is only the tip of the iceberg, a mountain, a cosmic size however negative experience. 1 Let me suggest here that this war is an ideology, still writing is also nevertheless, and it is rooted in me hence this diary. And a s my Mercury mind goes, it is a never ending stream of events which will lead us all those and as better one can, to freedom the absolute freedom that we have desired as war and killing is an obsession so is telling stories, and thank all who like to read them 2 the masculine face its mirrors and men come to a limit by confronting another man this is like metals forcefully meets metal as in a Lathe. All are shred off, right 3 however the wise men if they manage to pursue and maintain on their rout of adventure, will realize sooner or laer that it is Dios El Kbir or God Mighty if you like, who creates these paths for us 4 that is where the Zreli industry and local Pals conflicting over two opposing sides of consciousness, the self aware and the sleeper, in this war the sleeper dream they are awake and the awaken 5 if you have not awaken, let me try to awake you and when you have awaken feel fulfilled and happy 555 because after this war ends we will have heaven with us the answer to the question what happens if indeed war end or is that not the metaphysical resolve .?.

Adolescents from Puerto Rican backgrounds are found to have higher rates of obesity than adolescents from other ethnic groups in the US. The objective of this study is to examine whether sleeping the recommended number of hours and depression or anxiety disorder are independently related to risk for obesity in a sample of Island Puerto Rican adolescents, and whether the association between sleep and obesity is moderated by depression or anxiety disorder. Data from the study were derived from the third wave of an island wide probability sample of Puerto Rican youth residing on the Island, 10-25 years of age (N = 825), with a response rate of 79.59%. The current study focuses on youth 10 to 19 years of age (n = 436). In this sample, youth who slept less than the recommended number of hours (defined as 7-9 h per night) had a significantly increased risk for obesity and were three times as likely to be obese. Youth who met criteria for a depressive/anxiety disorder were almost 2.5 times...

Restless legs syndrome is a disorder associated with the imperative need to move the legs, starting at different times of day and it gets worse at night, relieved by activity, affecting the quality of life and sleep who sufferers it. Despite being a common disorder at any age, in adults with a prevalence of up to 10%, is not diagnosed by doctors and first level specialists that is why diagnostic and therapeutic interventions get delayed contributing to the perpetuation of symptoms and worsening quality of life. Since its diagnosis is purely clinical, getting familiar with this disorder is essential to ensure proper focus and thus rule out other diseases commonly confused with this one. Restless legs syndrome has a multi-factorial etiology that ranges from a genetic and hereditary, which are called primary restless legs syndrome, to its association with multiple pathologies, known as secondary restless legs syndrome. As for its management, drug therapy and non-drug therapy is aimed at symptom control, as its cure is not possible, although occasionally the condition can refer to later repeat in months or years.

To assess differences in gene expression in cholinergic basal forebrain cells between sleeping and sleep deprived mice sacrificed at the same time of day. Tg(ChAT-eGFP)86Gsat mice expressing eGFP under control of the choline acetyltransferase (Chat) promoter were utilized to guide laser capture of cholinergic cells in basal forebrain. mRNA expression levels in these cells were profiled using microarrays. Gene expression in eGFP(+) neurons was compared (1) to that in eGFP(-) neurons and to adjacent white matter, (2) between 7:00 am (lights on) and 7:00 pm (lights off), (3) between sleep deprived and sleeping animals at 0, 3, 6, 9 hrs from lights on. There was a marked enrichment of ChAT and other markers of cholinergic neurons in eGFP(+) cells. Comparison of gene expression in these eGFP(+) neurons between 7:00 am and 7:00 pm revealed expected differences in the expression of clock genes (Arntl2, Per1, Per2, Dbp, Nr1d1) as well as mGluR3. Comparison of expression between spontaneous ...

This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of mothers who underwent Caesarean sections (C-sections) and are dealing with postpartum depression (PPD) to inform the development of better support systems and interventions. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological approach, the study involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10-15 mothers within six weeks postpartum at selected hospitals in Chennai, focusing on their emotional experiences, coping strategies, and challenges, while ensuring ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality. The analysis revealed five key themes: the emotional impact of Caesarean delivery, the influence of physical recovery on mental health, the effects of C-section on mother-infant bonding, the role of support systems, and the impact of cultural and societal pressures, all contributing significantly to PPD. The findings underscore the need for tailored support systems that provide emotional and practical assistance, while also addressing cultural and societal pressures to enhance the mental health and well-being of C-section mothers, ultimately leading to more effective strategies in postpartum care.

Objective We constructed research camps at single-effort ultramarathons (50 and 100 miles) in order to study human endurance capabilities under extreme sleep loss and stress. It takes > 24h, on average, to run 100 miles on minimal sleep, allowing us to construct 24h human performance profiles (HPP). Methods We collected performance data plotted across time (race splits) and distance (dropout rates; n=257), self-reported sleep and training patterns (n=83), and endpoint data on cardiovascular fitness/adaptation to total sleep deprivation and extreme exercise/stress (n=127). Results In general, we found that self-reported napping was higher for 100-miler versus 50-miler runners and that ultra-endurance racing may possibly pre-select for early morning risers. We also compared HPPs between the first 50 miles completed by all runners in order to examine amplitude and acrophase differences in performance using a cosinor model. We showed that even though all runners slowed down over time...

Introduction We previously showed that relative to placebo (PL), caffeine (CAF) significantly improved psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) reaction time (RT) during the first 2 days (ACUTE phase), but not during the last 3 days (CHRONIC phase) of sleep restriction (SR) (Doty et al., 2018). However, while individual differences in RT during sleep deprivation have been previously documented, the interaction between CAF and individual vulnerability (VUL) during SR on PVT-RT is not well-known. Methods For statistical analysis, we computed trends in RTs (SLOPE) as follows; baseline, 1st and the 2nd SR days to represent ACUTE phase, and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th SR days for CHRONIC phase. Participants in each GROUP (CAF or PL) were split into 2 for VUL; high vulnerable (HIGHVUL), and low vulnerable (LOWVUL), depending on the number of minor lapses made during SR. We used 3-way ANOVA model with independent measures (2x2x2; GROUPxVULxPHASE) and a dependent measure (SLOPE). Results We found a m...

The effects of acute sleep deprivation on β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance in the human brain have not been documented. Here we used PET and F-florbetaben to measure brain Aβ burden (ABB) in 20 healthy controls tested after a night of rested sleep (baseline) and after a night of sleep deprivation. We show that one night of sleep deprivation, relative to baseline, resulted in a significant increase in Aβ burden in the right hippocampus and thalamus. These increases were associated with mood worsening following sleep deprivation, but were not related to the genetic risk (APOE genotype) for Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, baseline ABB in a range of subcortical regions and the precuneus was inversely associated with reported night sleep hours. APOE genotyping was also linked to subcortical ABB, suggesting that different Alzheimer's disease risk factors might independently affect ABB in nearby brain regions. In summary, our findings show adverse effects of one-night sleep deprivation ...

Sleep plays an important role in maintaining neuronal circuitry, signalling and helps maintain overall health and wellbeing. Sleep deprivation (SD) disturbs the circadian physiology and exerts a negative impact on brain and behavioural functions. SD impairs the cellular clearance of misfolded neurotoxin various proteins which are involved in major neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. SD affects the immunological and redox system resulting in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to investigate sleep deprivation (SD) induced oxidative stress in different parts of the brain and in vivo behavioural changes associated with aging. Lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant status were significantly (p<0.05) increased along with the altered learning and memory ability. The most affected part of the brain was hippocampus followed by cerebral cortex. Acetyl cholinesterase was found to be altered in SD treated rats. T...

  Purpose of Review To review the literature examining the relationship between sleep and cognition, specifically examining the sub-domain of executive function. We explore the impact of sleep deprivation and the important question of how much sleep is required for optimal cognitive performance. We consider how other sleep metrics, such as sleep quality, may be a more meaningful measure of sleep. We then discuss the putative mechanisms between sleep and cognition followed by their contribution to developing dementia. Recent Findings Sleep duration and executive function display a quadratic relationship. This suggests an optimal amount of sleep is required for daily cognitive processes. Poor sleep efficiency and sleep fragmentation are linked with poorer executive function and increased risk of dementia during follow-up. Sleep quality may therefore be more important than absolute duration. Biological mechanisms which may underpin the relationship between sleep and cognition include b...

Figure 6: Sample sleep deprivation data from a single mouse. Sleep deprivation occurred during the period shown in blue shading. Dots represent individual sleep epochs and color coding represents sleep sate (RED = wake, BLUE = NREM sleep, GREEN = REM sleep). The Y axis indicates change in glutamate concentration. The horizontal black bar represents the time of lights-off and the yellow bar represents lights-on.

Concentration Change During Wake and Sleep Erik Naylor1, Daniel V. Aillon1, Brian S. Barrett1, Seth Gabbert1, Hans Harmon1, David A. Johnson1, Donna A. Johnson1, George S. Wilson2, Fred W. Turek3 & Peter A. Petillo1 1Pinnacle Technology Inc., Lawrence, KS, USA 2Dept. of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 3Dept. of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

The fragmented sleep, fragmented mind hypothesis has associated sleep disturbances and dissociative states in subjects with dissociative traits, as supported by neurophysiological theories of consciousness stating that altered states might result from an altered functional interaction among brain modules due to inefficient sleep processes. Irrespective of dissociative traits, it is conceivable that a labile sleep-wake cycle might fuel dissociative states such as derealization, depersonalization, and dissociative amnesia. To verify whether acute sleep loss can prompt dissociative states and to identify possible psychophysiological correlates, we evaluated dissociative experiences (by means of Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory and Clinician Administered Dissociative State Scale) and resting state EEG features (band-wise spectral content and phase synchronization) after total sleep deprivation. After deprivation, participants reported increased perception of altered state of con...

Circadian rhythms in the Syrian hamster can be markedly phase shifted by 3 h of wheel running or arousal stimulation during their usual daily rest period (“subjective day”). Continuous wheel running is predictive but not necessary for phase shifts of this “nonphotic” type; hamsters aroused by gentle handling without running can also show maximal shifts. By contrast, physical restraint, a standard stress procedure and thus presumably arousing, is ineffective. To resolve this apparent paradox, phase-shifting effects of 3-h sessions of restraint or other stress procedures were assessed. In a preliminary study, phase shifts to arousal by gentle handling were significantly potentiated by the cortisol synthesis inhibitor metyrapone, suggesting that stress-related cortisol release may inhibit phase shifts to arousal. Next, it was confirmed that restraint in the subjective day does not induce phase shifts, but behavioral observations revealed that it also does not sustain arousal. Restraint...

Circadian rhythms in the Syrian hamster can be markedly phase shifted by 3 h of wheel running or arousal stimulation during their usual daily rest period (“subjective day”). Continuous wheel running is predictive but not necessary for phase shifts of this “nonphotic” type; hamsters aroused by gentle handling without running can also show maximal shifts. By contrast, physical restraint, a standard stress procedure and thus presumably arousing, is ineffective. To resolve this apparent paradox, phase-shifting effects of 3-h sessions of restraint or other stress procedures were assessed. In a preliminary study, phase shifts to arousal by gentle handling were significantly potentiated by the cortisol synthesis inhibitor metyrapone, suggesting that stress-related cortisol release may inhibit phase shifts to arousal. Next, it was confirmed that restraint in the subjective day does not induce phase shifts, but behavioral observations revealed that it also does not sustain arousal. Restraint...

The research was conducted with the purpose to study the spiritual behaviour and sleeping behaviour among diabetics and non-diabetics. It was hypothesized that non-diabetics spend more time on spiritual activity and have healthier sleeping behaviour than diabetics. The sample consisted of 200 diabetics and non-diabetics in the age range of 40-60 years. The data was collected with the help of self-constructed questionnaire. t test was applied to study the significance of difference between the spiritual behaviour and sleeping behaviour of diabetics and non-diabetics. Results showed that mean score for spiritual activity behaviour is 5.27 and 20.28 for diabetics and non diabetics respectively. Similarly, for sleeping behaviour mean score is 3.64 and 3.24 for diabetics and non diabetics respectively. t value for spiritual behaviour is 3.96 which is significant at .01 level and for physical activity behaviour, t value is 4.97 which is also significant at .01 level. Results revealed that...

In the construction industry, irregular schedules and long hours disrupt workers' circadian rhythms, adversely affecting their safety and health. While studies have shown that sleep timing influences safety and health, they often overlook sleep quantity, work-shift start time, and a broad range of safety and health outcomes. To fill this gap, this study examines the relationship between circadian rhythm and safety health factors, including psychological issues, wellbeing, behavioral issues, altruistic behaviors, sleep quantity, starting hours at work, and parental care in 1,400 construction workers using a questionnaire. We investigated safety health using scales for psychological issues (0-34), wellbeing (0-24), behavioral issues (0-29), and altruistic behaviors (0-27). Midsleep time on weekends estimated circadian rhythm, with multilevel regressions adjusting for sleep quantity, work start time, and various characteristics. Results showed average midsleep at 04: 11 h, with a 1 h delay associated with increased psychological issues (0.37), behavioral issues (3.0%), decreased wellbeing (0.19), and decreased altruistic behaviors (0.18). These findings highlight a correlation between early circadian rhythm and poor safety health, independent of sleep quantity and work-shift start time. Addressing circadian rhythm disruptions could be crucial for improving safety health outcomes, suggesting that work schedule adjustments and better sleep practices may mitigate adverse effects on workers' health and wellbeing.