Sociology of Sports

Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı spor merkezlerinde spor yapan bireylerin, sosyal görünüş kaygısı ile benlik saygısı ilişkisinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın evrenini Konya merkez ilinde farklı özel spor merkezlerine üye olan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise bu spor merkezine üye bireyler arasından rastgele örneklem modeli ile gönüllü katılmış 412 kadın ve 188 erkek toplam 600 birey oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan Kişisel Bilgi Formu, bireylerin sosyal görünüş algılarını ölçmek üzere Hart ve ark. ( ) tarafından geliştirilen ve Doğan (2009) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Ölçeği ile bireylerin benlik saygılarını belirlemek amacıyla Rosenberg (1965) tarafından geliştirilen ve Çuhadaroğlu (1986) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımlı değişkenler ile bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiye bakmak için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve t testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; bireylerin sosyal görünüş kaygıları ve benlik saygıları yaş, cinsiyet, spor yapma yılı ve ailede spor yapan değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. Ayrıca korelasyon analizi sonucunda sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve benlik saygısı arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür.

Bu calismanin amaci; farkli spor merkezlerinde spor yapan bireylerin, sosyal gorunus kaygisi ile benlik saygisi iliskisinin bazi degiskenler acisindan incelenmesidir. Calismanin evrenini Konya merkez ilinde farkli ozel spor merkezlerine uye olan bireyler olusturmaktadir. Orneklem grubunu ise bu spor merkezine uye bireyler arasindan rastgele orneklem modeli ile gonullu katilmis 412 kadin ve 188 erkek toplam 600 birey olusturmaktadir. Calismada veri toplama araci olarak arastirmaci tarafindan olusturulan Kisisel Bilgi Formu, bireylerin sosyal gorunus algilarini olcmek uzere Hart ve ark. (2008) tarafindan gelistirilen ve Dogan (2009) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan Sosyal Gorunus Kaygisi Olcegi ile bireylerin benlik saygilarini belirlemek amaciyla Rosenberg (1965) tarafindan gelistirilen ve Cuhadaroglu (1986) tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan Benlik Saygisi Olcegi kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde bagimli degiskenler ile bagimsiz degiskenler arasindaki iliskiye bakmak icin tek yonlu varya...

Bu çalışma, Altay Türk halklarının 1988 yılında oluşturup, her iki yılda bir büyük özveriyle organize ettiği "El-Oyın" bayramını inceleyecektir. Çalışma, Altay Türklerinin oluşturduğu "El-Oyın", maddi ve manevi kültürlerin yansıması ve geleneksel spor, sanat ve oyunları içeren bu ulusal bayramın nasıl oluştuğu, evrildiği, kültürel rezervlerine ne gibi katkı sağladığına cevaplar aramak amaçlanmıştır. 1988'de Altay Cumhuriyeti'nde yeniden canlandırılan bu bayram, Altay Türklerinin tarihi şenliklerine, atalarının geleneklerine ve kültürel koşullarına dayanmaktadır. Bayram, yerel halkın ulusal törenleri, geleneksel spor oyunları yarışmaları ve kültürel etkinliklerle (ulusal ve yöresel müzik, kostüm, çadır, yemek yarışları) kutlanır. Geleneksel güreş, yarışan katılımcılar, okçuluk ve halk oyunları gibi etkinliklerde yarışırken, şamanlar kutlama törenleri düzenleniyor. 1998 yılından itibaren Altay'ın oluşturduğu toplumsal birliğini ve Türk, Slav ve Moğol kültürlerinin kaynaşmasını sağladı. Sovyet dönemindeki kaybolmuş ve yaşanmamış kültürel değerlerin yeniden canlandırılması temsil El-Oyın bayramı, 1998'den itibaren hükümet desteğiyle gösterime girdi ve profesyonel bir şekilde varlığını sürdürdü. Festivalin ana amacı, geleneksel halk sanatı ve sporlarının tanıtılması, genç nesillerin tarih ve kültüre ayrılmalarının devam etmesidir. Bugün, El-Oyın, Altay Cumhuriyeti'nde etnik kimlik ve kültürel oluşumlar için önemli rol oynamakla birlikte etno etkinlikten etnos etkinliğe dönmüş olduğu da görülebilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: etnik kimlik, kültür kodları, gelenek, geleneksel spor oyunları.

Analisa o caso do jogador egípcio Mohamed Salah, do Liverpool FC, da Inglaterra, como exemplo bem-sucedido de construção de um ídolo transcultural dentro de um cenário de internacionalização do futebol como negócio. Estuda suas redes sociais por monitoramento orgânico de 2021 a 2023, na tentativa de compreender como a imagem do jogador seria capaz de romper barreiras culturais entre os torcedores do clube. Estabelece cinco categorias (trabalho, sucesso, família, multiculturalismo e legitimação comercial) em torno de signos culturais, analisando os posts à luz do conceito de hiper-ritualização. Defende que o jogador é capaz de construir uma imagem multiculturalista, superando barreiras nacionais. Defende que ele faz isso pela imagem positiva que constrói com imagens, apontando para seu trânsito cultural.constrói com imagens, apontando para seu trânsito cultural.

Violence in sports has become a global challenge and it has greatly affected sports participation among young people. The objective of this study was to investigate age and gender as determinants of violence in sports among secondary school students in Nsukka Education Zone, Enugu State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey study was conducted on 383 students. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study sample. The instruments for data collection were a researcher-developed questionnaire titled "Determinants of Violence in Secondary Schools Sports Questionnaire" (DVSSSQ). The face validity of the instruments was established and the internal consistency of DVSSSQ was determined using Split half (Spearman-Brown Coefficient Correlation) with indices of .724. Frequency measures and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results showed that age is a significant determinant of violence in secondary school sports in Nsukka Education Zone (p=0.001). While, gender is a not significant determinant of violence in secondary school sports in Nsukka Education Zone (p=0.263). The study concluded among others that secondary school students aged 15 years and above were 2.39 times more likely to experience violence in secondary school sports than those less than 15 years. Consequently, school sports administrators should create awareness among students on the need for and importance of avoiding violence during sporting activities and endeavour to punish offenders appropriately.

Food security is one aspect of life for the human soul, while the other side represents psychological security. The Holy Qur’an refers to this fact in the Almighty’s saying: “Let them worship the Lord of this House, who fed them against hunger and made them safe from fear” (Quraysh: 3-4). Through the availability of food security and self-sufficiency, countries will have complete freedom in their policies and decisions, and people will have a decent and good life away from the specter of hunger, poverty, deprivation and fear. This article dealt with food security in the Arab countries and the expected food gap in light of the expectations and fears of the Food and Agriculture Organization as well as the World Food Program of the repercussions and challenges facing food security in the Arab region as a result of the Corona crisis and the crisis of wars and conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, while highlighting the role of Sudan in Addressing the food gap.

Passados dez anos da derrota da seleção brasileira de futebol diante da Alemanha, na semifinal da Copa do Mundo de 2014 pelo placar de 7 a 1, propõe-se compreender a sociedade brasileira a partir da derrota em um jogo de futebol. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, e utilizando como referência principal a sociologia configuracional de Norbert Elias, buscou-se explorar os motivos pelos quais o futebol tem sido negligenciado pelas ciências humanas, a importância do desporto como forma de excitação na modernidade e a maneira como o futebol moderno se desenvolveu, em um processo contínuo de racionalização. Localizado o elemento de análise e utilizando as ideias presentes na teoria de Max Weber, e no conceito de Homem Cordial de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, percebe-se que o conceito de racionalidade associado à transformação do futebol em business entra em choque com uma representação social do futebol no Brasil, mais propenso ao individualismo do drible do que à coletividade da assistência. Pode-se concluir ainda que o futebol está em configuração social, ou seja, em posição de interdependência com outras esferas sociais, como a política e a mídia.

The increasing awareness of mental health in sports has highlighted the essential role of sport psychiatrists in educational institutions. As student-athletes face unique pressures, including performance anxiety, injury recovery, and the demands of balancing academics with athletics, the need for specialized mental health support has become paramount. Sport psychiatrists can provide tailored interventions that address the psychological aspects of athletic performance, enhance adaptability, and promote overall well-being. By combining mental health services into educational settings, institutions can create a supportive environment that prioritizes both physical and psychological health, ultimately leading to improved academic and athletic outcomes. Indian educational institutes rarely pays attention on the mental health of the student-athlete because in India the teachers or management are highly focused on the grades rather then the mental health. This abstract underscores the necessity of sport psychiatrists in helping student athletes navigate their challenges and thrive in their dual roles.

Das eben, diese Angst eben gibt es gar nicht! Denn nicht der Torwart muß bei einem Elfmeter Angst haben, sondern der Spieler, der den Elfmeter tritt! Dieser Spieler kann verlieren: nicht der Torwart! Der Torwart kann nur gewinnen! So verkehrt, also auf den Kopf gestellt, wie dieser Titel des Buches von Peter Handke sind die gesamten deutschen "Linken." Sie lesen die ganze Welt immer durch eine Nebelbrille aus lauter Vor-Urteilen und aus einem mystischen Schwalm von "Negativität", die es in der ganzen Welt so gar nicht gibt! Sie können eines nicht: sie können das "Denken des Denkens", das "Denken des Begriffs" nicht denken! Und sie denken deshalb allesamt gegen das Denken: "Es ist besser, lieber nicht zu denken", sagt oder meint Adorno. War also noch am ehesten am Denken des Begriffs!

En este trabajo se presenta una forma alternativa para calcular integrales definidas por medio de metodos aleatorios. En este caso, es necesario utilizar elementos del conocimiento estadistico-probabilistico para generar numeros pseudoaleatorios provenientes de una distribucion de probabilidad uniforme en el intervalo (0,1), los cuales como datos numericos superaran ciertas pruebas estadisticas y seran considerados numeros aleatorios apropiados para realizar procesos de simulacion. Luego, se usa el concepto de muestra aleatoria y la ley fuerte de los grandes numeros para desarrollar un algoritmo y evaluar integrales definidas de forma aproximada usando el metodo de Monte Carlo. Finalmente, se obtienen resultados para dos casos especificos de integrales definidas en el sentido de Riemann. Se concluye que los procedimientos desarrollados conforman una metodologia y una estrategia didactica que podrian ser utilizadas para introducir la ensenanza de procesos de simulacion a nivel del ba...

Analysis of migratory waves through sports and leisure practices: the Refugee and Immigrant Cup - Análise de ondas migratórias por meio de práticas esportivas e de lazer: a Copa dos Refugiados e Imigrantes. In: Conhecimento para quê? Conhecimento para quem?

Discussing refugee and adapted sport through the Refugee Paralympic Team (Discutindo refúgio e esporte adaptado através da Equipe Paralímpica de Refugiados) in Dimensões sócio-políticas da pessoa com deficiência interfaces e debates contemporâneos - chapter book

The paper analyzes the process of sports gender socialization of boys and adolescents in the case of freestyle wrestling in Makhachkala, the capital of the Russian North Caucasus Republic of Dagestan. The methods and practices of educating future men in the wrestling gym are functionally related to the model of hegemonic masculinity rooted in the local gender and social order, which is under pressure from urbanization and modernization. The wrestling gym insulates students from both the "demoralizing" influence of the home environment and the marginalized scripts of masculinity associated with street life. Through training, boys and adolescents acquire a masculine habitus that can later become the basis for their careers in sports and other spheres of social life, as well as the social capital necessary for successful participation in coalition clinches. They internalize the principle of consistency in gender and age stratification and the lifestyle associated with the ideology of "muscular Islam.

This research examines two popular teen girls sports fiction series, called “Pretty Tough” and “Dairy Queen.” The books are heavily premised on the idea of empowerment, and are written in ways that invite the reader to see each protagonist’s choices as agentic and even subversive. Our analysis points to the ways the discourse of empowerment obscures how girls are invited to adopt ideology toward sports that undermines their ability to experience sports on their own terms.

The underlying contention guiding this collection is that psychoanalysis can provide a novel approach to theorising our investments in sport. When exploring, examining, discussing, and debating the fascination and frustrations that characterizes sport, what this collection will consider are the very ways in which we become “stuck” in sport. For us, getting “stuck” helpfully describes the degree to which one can both be interested in sport, following a particular team or training regularly, while also being frustrated, angered, and undermined by sport (grievances, which, in most cases, in no way discount or prevent one’s very love of sport). What compounds this contradiction is that a psychoanalytic approach to sport does not necessarily provide or outline any answers to the problems of sport. Rather, we double-down on the fact there is no rational explanation as to why millions of people choose to partake in strenuous forms of physical exclusion for years on end, with the only reward being a medal or personal best for the lucky few—not to mention the multitudes who choose to watch these athletic spectacles. Certainly, this is not to say that sport does not have its explanations. We are all too familiar with the cliched responses and tired explanations: “it makes me feel good”, “it keeps me busy”, “it releases endorphins”, “I enjoy the social-side”, “my Dad followed this team, so, in a way, I’m continuing the tradition”. What goes amiss in such routine responses is why this specific activity—sport, in whatever form—is chosen? When so much of sport requires one to partake in choices that fundamentally affect one’s life, then we require a theoretical space in which we can begin to ask important questions of both sport and ourselves. On this basis, sport is not necessarily detached from our lives, a mere weekend past-time, separate from the world of work (although it can be described as such); instead, as this collection will assert, a psychoanalytic account of sport can allow us to question and explore what it is that makes us human and what is it about our inherent sociality that makes sport such an important part of so many lives. To do so, requires an investigation into the desires, fears, and fantasises that underscore the subject—the very phenomena that psychoanalysis seeks to examine.

Understandings of play are frequently tied to a sense of instinctual gratification—a something that must be completed, that all humans, young or old, should or need to partake in. Indeed, for many, play is characterised as a unique activity that stands apart from the ordinary and every day. While such assessments prefigure a clear demarcation between the fun of play and the more laborious, boring aspects of profane life, what this distinction alludes to is a greater sense of the creativity that underlies play. Drawing from a Lacanian perspective, the following chapter will determine that an essential aspect of play and sport is the creativity it provides, namely, by considering how the act of creativity is intricately tied to the very lack that constitutes the Lacanian subject. To do so, the concept of sublimation is used to consider how the codified rules and regulations that sport both asserts and requires renders apparent the importance of the limit. Rather than conceiving of this limit as a barrier to creativity, what is revealed in sublimation is how this limit proves constitutive of our very creativity. That is, the ability to sublimate—to creatively perform unique displays of physical or artistic expression— lies in the mundanity and utter importance of the playful and sporting activity and, more importantly, the inherent restrictions and constraints these activities impose. It is in accordance with the limit that one’s creativity can expose an emancipatory potential in the context of play and sport.

Is it possible to remain a sports fan when prominent sports teams and events are utilized to “sportswash” human rights abuses and other controversies? Indeed, while there is an abundance of analyses critiquing different instances of sportswashing, the exploration of the role of sportswashing and its connection to the “sports fan” presents an essential and necessary area of investigation and theoretical inquiry. To unpick this dilemma, this article proposes the concept of “fetishistic disavowal” to help theorize the impact of sportswashing, as well as its relation to the sports fan and critical sports academic. This argues that, as spectators and fans of sport—and, moreover, as critical academics—we often acknowledge and accept that sport is used to perpetuate and even maintain a variety of social, economic, and political inequalities. Yet, while we are aware of such knowledge, we nonetheless remain fully capable of disavowing this very knowledge as an accepted part of sport. Given this, it is argued that the fetishization of sport can provide a suitable conduit for the fetishistic disavowal that sportswashing requires, with the concept offering a unique way of approaching sport’s inherent contradictions, while also theorizing how subjects relate to these contradictions as part of their involvement in and with sport. Where sportswashing directly implicates the fan in its implementation—relying upon a level of fetishistic disavowal between the fan and their club and proffering a disavowed acknowledgement of the effects of sportswashing and its interpellation through sport—this article outlines how applications of fetishistic disavowal provide a unique theoretical lens through which analyses of sport, and its ethical significance, can be critiqued.

Esta breve apresentação utiliza de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2023, para entender como jogadores participantes do torneio de futebol amador chamado de Copa dos Refugiados e Imigrantes, definem a relevância deste evento em suas adaptações ao Brasil. Através do torneio esportivo, redes sociais entre grupos migrantes foram criadas e a compreensão de se reconhecer como um refugiado também fortaleceu as “identidades migrantes” destes sujeitos. Nos depoimentos nota-se ainda a importância que o esporte, no caso o futebol, teve como um elemento vital no processo de integração a sociedade brasileira. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, desenvolvida por Lefevre e Lefevre (2005).

Este trabalho busca analisar o conceito de identidade através da migração e das práticas de esporte e lazer, destacando a Copa dos Refugiados e Imigrantes. Campo de pesquisa interdisciplinar, o estudo dos fluxos migratórios é bastante amplo para discussões, como por exemplo, o conceito de identidade que afeta construções identitárias dos migrantes e refugiados os obrigando a reconstruir suas relações em um mundo globalizado. Através da competição busca-se refletir sobre como este tipo de atividade esportiva pode impactar nas identidades destes indivíduos, fortalecer as redes sociais entre essas pessoas em situação de refúgio no país e intensificar o fator de comunidade. O torneio de futebol ainda reforça o protagonismo dos refugiados que idealizaram, organizam e disputam a competição. E paradoxalmente, no torneio os refugiados representam seus respectivos países, os mesmos dos quais tiveram de fugir para preservar suas vidas, o que ajuda a fortalecer suas identidades migrantes.

**Abstract:**

This review critically examines David Goldblatt's "Futebol Nation," which articulates the profound influence of soccer on Brazil's national identity. The book integrates historical analysis and sociopolitical commentary, exploring soccer's role as both a unifier and divider within Brazilian culture. Through a meticulous evaluation of Goldblatt's arguments and methodologies, the review highlights the author's insights into how soccer mirrors and shapes societal changes and underscores its implications for understanding cultural dynamics. The critique also considers the book's place within the broader literature on sports and cultural studies.

The term sportswashing has been discussed and analysed within academic circles, as well as the mainstream media. However, the majority of existing research has focused on one-off event-based sportswashing strategies (such as autocratic states hosting major international sports events) rather than longer term investment-based strategies (such as state actors purchasing sports clubs and teams). Furthermore, little has been written about the impact of this latter strategy on the existing fanbase of the purchased team and on their relationship with sportswashing and the discourses surrounding it. This paper addresses this lacuna through analysis of a popular Manchester City online fan forum, which illustrates the manner in which this community of dedicated City fans have legitimated the actions of the club’s ownership regime, the Abu Dhabi United Group – a private equity group operated by Abu Dhabi royalty and UAE politicians. The discursive strategies of the City fans are discussed, in addition to the wider significance of these strategies on the issue of sportswashing and its coverage by the media.

This study explored the relevancy of internet discourse among football fans and real-life stadium violence. Our hypothesis implies that there are positive correlations between violent utterances in fans’ social networks prior to games and football stadium violence. The study sample included 6 football clubs who participated in the Israeli Premier League in the 2015–2016 season. The traffic in the social networks was automatically collected into the MySQL database. The content of the traffic includes various forms of discursive interactions within social networks susceptible of predicting, provoking or expressing social tension, aggression or violent behavior. We focused on three discursive functions which reflect a dynamic of discursive construction of tension: exclamation; incitement; and verbal aggression. The results indicate a build-up of tension 3 days before the game and such build-up is correlated with stadium violence of both fans and players. The correlation of content and ...

Özet Bu çalışma, Türkiyenin çeşitli illerinde faal olarak görev yapan hakemlerinin negatif duygusallık ve stres düzeylerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya Türkiye'nin çeşitli illerinde görev yapan 16 bayan 88 erkek olmak üzere toplam 104 hakem katılmıştır. ...

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags stehen besondere Praktiken des Organisierens, die konzeptionell als quantifizierendes Berichtbarmachen gefasst werden. Mit dieser Konzeptualisierung von organisationalen Analyse- und Wissenspraktiken wird eine Brucke geschlagen zwischen dem in der Ethnomethodologie entwickelten Konzept der accountability – das heist der methodischen Wirklichkeitskonstruktion, in der Teilnehmer/-innen in lokalen Praktiken die Faktizitat faktischer Ereignisse, die Objektivitat objektiver Sachverhalte oder die Identitat identifizierbarer Vorgange hervorbringen – und dem organisationalen Accounting als Sammelbegriff fur Buchfuhrung, Kostenrechnung, Bilanzierung, quantitative Leistungserfassung, Evaluation etc. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Familienahnlichkeit beider Begriffe, die bisher weitestgehend unberucksichtigt blieb, insbesondere hinsichtlich der jeweiligen performativen Effekte der Realitatskonstruktion besteht. Diese praxeologische organisationsanalytische Perspektive wi...

imove was Yorkshire & Humberside’s Legacy Trust UK programme for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. By becoming part of the Cultural Olympiad it aimed to leave a lasting legacy from the Games at grassroots and institutional levels across the region. It built engagement through a dynamic and imaginative arts programme, which integrated sport and physical activities in a celebration of human movement. Formally launched to the public in 2010, imove’s programme included performing and visual arts, creative movement, sport and outdoor activity. The programme involved a range of partners in delivering both small[ and large[scale projects in response to the imove mission, which was to: • Explore and transform people’s relationship to their own bodies through movement. • Shift the relationship between society and the moving body. These were ambitious aims and the London 2012 Olympics offered an opportunity to realise them. Between 2009 and September 2012, imove worked in partners...

O presente trabalho tem como fundamento a abordagem da celebração do contrato de trabalho infanto-juvenil, em face dos inúmeros casos de abusos e exploração do braço juvenil na mão de obra exaustiva das atividades artísticas e desportivas sem exclusão do uso de imagens de impúberes em marketing, comerciais e propagandas. Visa demonstrar as ilegalidades praticadas dia após dia, diante das câmeras de televisão e nos palcos teatrais, picadeiros circenses e nos centros de treinamentos esportivos destinados a crianças e adolescestes, entre outros. A permissão do trabalho prematuro sem o mínimo de dignidade vai contra as determinações legais elencadas em nosso ordenamento jurídico, tanto em nossa Lei Maior quanto no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Lei 8.069/90). Utilizando-se do método dedutivo de pesquisa, foram realizadas leituras em obras e artigos científicos pautando sempre na legislação pertinente ao contrato de trabalho infantil, historicidade do labor infantil no Brasil e tratados internacionais dos quais somos signatários. Na interpretação da sociedade hodierna com um olhar totalmente capitalista, contratam com crianças e adolescentes ignorando o bojo da legal que, por sua vez, veda a concessão de autorização aos menores de dezesseis anos para os trabalhos artísticos como filmes, comerciais, novelas, publicidades, atividades circense, desportivas e qualquer outra forma de trabalho precoce, vez que o objetivo maior de quem contrata com crianças e adolescentes nada mais é do que o retorno financeiro em detrimento dos seus direitos fundamentais. Palavras-chave: Direitos fundamentais, Relações do trabalho, Trabalho infanto-juvenil, Criança e adolescente Abstract/Resumen/Résumé This work is based on the approach of the celebration of children's employment contract , given the numerous cases of abuse and exploitation of youth arm into the hand of exhaustive work of artistic and sports activities without excluding the use of prepubescent images in marketing , commercial and advertising. Aims to demonstrate the illegalities practiced day after day in front of television cameras and theatrical, circus arenas and sports training centers for children and adolescents, among other venues. Permission of children labor without minimum of dignity goes against the legal requirements listed in our legal system, both in our highest law as the Statute of Children and Adolescents (Law 8.069/90). Using the

The Leeds Beckett repository holds a wide range of publications, each of which has been checked for copyright and the relevant embargo period has been applied by the Research Services team. We operate on a standard take-down policy. If you are the author or publisher of an output and you would like it removed from the repository, please contact us and we will investigate on a case-by-case basis.

Through a bibliographical research, this thesis proposes a dialogue between the authors Jean-Marie Brohm and John Holloway on the possibility of recognizing critical potentialities against capitalism in the context of football. For this, the experience of the rebel fans of FC St. Pauli was used as a background, seeking to understand it from the critical contributions of the authors. This historical experience present in the FC St. Pauli fan community emerged in the 1980s and seeks to keep its anti-capitalist, anti-fascist and anti-systemic principles alive until today through projects, campaigns and protests, at the same time that is crossed by
contradictions and challenges. Thus, it is a relevant sphere in the world of football to be analyzed under different lenses of Marxist thought. In this sense, while John Holloway works with Karl Marx’s categories such as totality and social form, emphasizing an aspect of dynamic struggle against the process of cohering to the logic of the capitalist system, Jean-Marie Brohm, a sociologist of sport, works with the notion of “opium of the people”, by critically reflecting on the depoliticizing function of modern sports as mass spectacles, such as football. Throughout this thesis, it became evident that although both are influenced by the thought of Karl Marx, their theoretical productions have fundamental differences, culminating in different possible interpretations of the particular experience of FC St. Pauli’s rebel fans within the capitalist totality.

This paper explores common assumptions about the intrinsic differences between male and female consumers within a subset of leisure consumption-sport spectating. This research utilized the Sports Interest Inventory (SIi) (Funk, Mahony & Ridinger, 2002) to examine differences between spectators (N = 959) attending men's and women's basketball games at a NCAA Division I institution. MANOV A results revealed nine differences for Team-Gender, seven differences for Spectator-Gender, and three interaction effects. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that three core interest factors (university pride, team interest, and vicarious achievement) explained a significant proportion of vari_ance in commitment and attendance behavior for fans of both teams. However, a number of interest factors related to Team-Gender and Spectator-Gender emerged to differentially explain levels of commitment and behavior. The results indicate that while there are some commonalities that motivate people to attend college basketball games involving athletes of each gender, there are also differences that make women's basketball unique from men's basketball.

Notes de lectures : Ekaterina Gloriozova, Le football en Russie. Anatomie d’une passion politique, Bruxelles, Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2021, 241 p. –
ISBN 978-2-8004-1759-2.

Cet ouvrage de sciences politiques nous présente une étude qualitative
tout à fait passionnante mêlant habilement une approche de
type ethnographique (for our english readers: social and cultural anthropology) à une sociohistoire des groupes de supporters de football en Russie – essentiellement de la fin de l’ère soviétique à nos jours – pour étudier, par le biais de cette passion sportive, l’évolution des multiples interactions politiques et identitaires qui s’y cristallisent.

Olympic education is closely related to the assumptions and values of Olympism. Olympic values are a theme dear to Olympic education, which seeks to rescue the relationship between sport and the presuppositions and pedagogical values present in the Olympic Movement. Olympic Values serve as a code of conduct for the Olympic Movement, and strive to guide the attitudes and actions of all those involved in Olympic activities, be they competitive, administrative, or voluntary work. One tries to combine sport, education and culture, using the harmony between body and mind, excellence of oneself, integrity in actions, mutual respect, and joy found in effort. Thus, the objective of this research was to measure the self-perception of teachers and students in an educational program for sports, from the state of São Paulo (Brazil). The results showed differences between the groups of teachers and the one of students, as well as differences concerning the variables of gender and age, and the knowledge and education of the participants regarding Olympic values and Olympic education within the premises of good performance in sports and the judgment of their own behaviors regarding humanitarian values.

Sport practices and artistic interventions for co-creating urban space The paper argues that sports and art can compose a common cultural language that operates as a tool for communities to co-create urban space. In particular, we present the research/ artistic/ community platform 'UrbanDig Project', based in Athens, Greece. The platform employs artistic and sport practices as a means to activate and bridge local communities, collect stories, call for participation and action and finally narrate, re-imagine and even reconstruct urban space. We choose to discuss certain moments of the platform's projects, as fruitful examples of its social impact. Within the conceptual framework of the production of space and the sports-art representations, we discuss how sport and artistic practices can intervene in the urban space, map the communities' aspirations and lead to collective decision-making as an alternative grassroots participatory-planning method.

Araştırmanın amacı basketbol hakemlerinin fiziksel öz saygı düzeyleri ile öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2017-2018 yılında Ankara ilinde aktif olarak basketbol hakemliği yapan hakemler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada evrenin tamamı örnekleme dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan hakem grubunu %19'u (n = 22) kadın ve %81'i (n = 93) erkek olmak üzere 115 hakem oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Karaçam (2016) tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan Fiziksel Saygı Ölçeği (FSÖ) ve Karaçam ve Pulur (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Hakem Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği (HÖYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişkilerin belirlenmesi için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı, hakemlerin cinsiyete göre karşılaştırılmasında t testi kullanılmıştır. Basketbol hakemlerinin FSÖ alt faktörü olan atıf puanı, HÖYÖ toplam puan ve HÖYÖ alt faktörleri ile hakemlerin yaşları ve hakemlik yılları arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Basketbol hakemlerinin FSÖ toplam puan ve alt faktörleri, HÖYÖ toplam puan ve HÖYÖ alt faktörleri arasında bütün değişkenlerin birbiriyle pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı ilişkili oldukları görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak basketbol hakemlerinin yaşları ve hakemlik yıllarının hakemlerin atıf, öz yeterlik ve öz yeterlik alt faktörleri üzerinde önemli değişkenler olduğu ve basketbol hakemlerinin fiziksel öz saygı ve hakem öz yeterlik düzeylerinin birbirini pozitif yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Araştırmanın amacı basketbol hakemlerinin fiziksel öz saygı düzeyleri ile öz yeterlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2017-2018 yılında Ankara ilinde aktif olarak basketbol hakemliği yapan hakemler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada evrenin tamamı örnekleme dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan hakem grubunu %19’u (n = 22) kadın ve %81’i (n = 93) erkek olmak üzere 115 hakem oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Karaçam (2016) tarafından Türkçe uyarlaması yapılan Fiziksel Saygı Ölçeği (FSÖ) ve Karaçam ve Pulur (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Hakem Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği (HÖYÖ) kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişkilerin belirlenmesi için Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Katsayısı, hakemlerin cinsiyete göre karşılaştırılmasında t testi kullanılmıştır. Basketbol hakemlerinin FSÖ alt faktörü olan atıf puanı, HÖYÖ toplam puan ve HÖYÖ alt faktörleri ile hakemle...

Öz: Araştırmanın amacı, satranç hakemlerinin mesleki haz, öz yeterlik ve tükenmişlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada açımlayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada iki farklı çalışma grubu kullanılmıştır. Nicel bölümde Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yer alan ve 18 ilde aktif görev yapan 291 hakem gönüllülük esasına göre belirlenmiştir. Nitel bölüme ise ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile 9 kişi katılmıştır. Nicel kısımda kişisel bilgi formu, Hakemler İçin Mesleki Haz Ölçeği, Hakem Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği ve Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Nitel kısımda ise, kişisel bilgi formunun yanında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları kullanılmıştır. Nicel veriler için betimsel analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analizinde betimsel istatistikler, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation testi ile çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Nitel veriler için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada satranç hakemlerinin mesleki haz, öz yeterlikleri yüksek, tükenmişlikleri düşük çıkmıştır. Ölçek puanları cinsiyet, eğitim durumuna göre farklılık göstermezken; hakem öz yeterliği puan ortalaması hizmet yılına göre farklılık göstermiştir. Yine hakem öz yeterliliği il hakemi aday hakemden, ulusal hakem/uluslararası hakem (FIDE arbiter) ise hem aday hem de il hakeminden daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Nitel bulgularda ise satranç hakemlerinin mesleki hazlarının iyi olduğunu, mesleki olarak yeterliklerinin iyi olduğu ancak bazı problemlerle karşı karşıya kaldıklarını ve tükenmişlik açısından fazla sorun yaşamadıkları saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak satranç hakemlerinin mesleki haz ve öz yeterlikleri arttığında tükenmişlikleri azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda hakemlerin mesleki haz ve öz yeterlikleri yüksek tutulmalı, tükenmişliğe yol açabilecek durumlar ortadan kaldırılmalıdır.

This article questions organizations' (clubs, teams, etc.) responsibility in doping use from the case of anti-doping rules violations (ADRVs) sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale in professional cycling. We built a database with 271 caught riders among 10551 professional riders employed from 2005 to 2016 in the three first world divisions. We developed a time-discrete event history model with a multilevel perspective to consider if the ADRV is related to the characteristic of a rider's career path (level 1) and/or the team by which the rider is employed (level 2). Our results confirm two hypotheses: Beginning a career before 2005 or after the age of 22 increased the risk of being caught. Each additional year in the pack increased the risk, despite the fact that a sanctioned rider's career duration average is 7.8 years (3.9 for the others). These caught riders have experienced a more tumultuous career with team changes and an interrupted path. A 2.45 Median Odds Ratio led us to assert a team effect on ADRV. By a team residual effect calculation, we identify 17 teams with a significant effect within the 129 that experienced an ADRV. Our results allow us to emphasize that to understand doping we must take into account work and employment condition, w ' organization. This approach completes the dominant "methodological individualism" perspective that considers athletes as analytical units and provides guidelines to the anti-doping bodies that focus their action on individuals. Keywords : doping, multilevel analysis, organizations accountability ' names. 22,23 For example, the French team AG2R is operated by the trade team France Cyclisme. Despite a sponsor and the consequent name change, trade teams continue, such as

Análisis de las redes de comunicación motriz a través del pase entre los jugadores de la Selección uruguaya de fútbol For this investigation the motor communication networks between players of the Uruguayan football team, within the scope of the matches played in the South African World Cup of 2010, were analyzed. Ball passing between the players was taken as the element of communication and from there all the network mappings (graphically represented) were made. The myriad of lines, determined by the passes between players, is what we refer to as motor communication network. This form of communication is defined by Parlebas (2001, p. 81) as the "essential and direct cooperative motor interaction". A coding manual was created for this study, which describes the actions that are possible to accomplish in football; and, through observational methodology, all seven matches played by the team in the world cup were analyzed. The results show that the motor communication networks between the players of the Uruguayan football team were integrated, dense, and lacking any structural gaps.