System Administration

Scalability, cost-effectiveness, and security are all advantages of cloud computing, which has become an indispensable component of financial applications. The optimization of infrastructure to enhance performance, reduce expenses, and enhance security remains a challenge as financial institutions continue to transition to the cloud. This study examines the impact of advanced development methodologies-DevOps, microservices architecture, Infrastructure as Code (IaC), and cloud cost optimization techniques-on the efficacy of cloud services in financial applications. The research evaluates critical performance attributes, including deployment speed, resource utilization, cost efficiency, system downtime, and security vulnerabilities, in comparison to traditional and optimized cloud configurations. Findings include a 40% reduction in deployment duration, a 30% improvement in resource efficiency, a 25% cost reduction, a 60% decrease in outage, and a 60% reduction in security issues. These results emphasize that strategic cloud optimization significantly enhances operational efficiency while simultaneously guaranteeing compliance and security. The research reveals that in order to achieve enduring scalability, resilience, and cost efficiency, financial institutions must implement a comprehensive cloud optimization strategy. Blockchain integration and AI-driven cloud administration may be explored in future research to improve the security of cloud applications in the financial sector.

In today's digital age, cybersecurity has become a critical component of every business operation. With increasing cyber threats, organizations must take proactive measures to safeguard their sensitive data and IT infrastructure. Managed IT Services play a vital role in enhancing cybersecurity, offering businesses expert guidance, continuous monitoring, and robust defense mechanisms against evolving threats. Understanding Managed IT Services Managed IT Services refers to the outsourcing of IT operations and support to a specialized service provider. These services include network management, cloud computing, data backup, disaster recovery, and cybersecurity solutions. By leveraging managed IT services, businesses can focus on their core operations while ensuring that their IT environment remains secure, efficient, and up to date. Why Cybersecurity is Essential in Managed IT Services Cybersecurity is a crucial aspect of Managed IT Services because cyber threats are constantly evolving, becoming more sophisticated and damaging. Data breaches, ransomware attacks, and phishing scams can lead to financial losses, reputational damage, and legal consequences. Implementing strong cybersecurity measures within Managed IT Services helps businesses mitigate risks and protect critical assets.

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of centralized control systems for managing multiple end-user computers from a single hub. Through qualitative analysis involving eight participants with diverse technical backgrounds, the study evaluates productivity differences between using no centralized remote access system versus implementing solutions such as Windows Server, TeamViewer, Microsoft Quick Assist, and Hyper-V. Using a within-subjects design, participants completed identical tasks across all five conditions while researchers collected data through semi-structured interviews, think-aloud protocols, observation notes, and task completion reflections. Results demonstrate significant productivity improvements with centralized management tools, with Windows Server Remote Access yielding the highest productivity score (13/15), representing a 333% improvement over the baseline condition (3/15). The paper examines how centralized systems reduce downtime through real-time troubleshooting, create consistent user experiences, enhance security compliance, and support remote work capabilities. The methodology employs thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's sixphase approach to identify key productivity factors. This research contributes valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize IT resource management, improve support efficiency, and enhance end-user productivity through centralized control solutions.

The increasing adoption of cloud computing has led to the widespread use of virtualization technologies, with Docker containers and Virtual Machines (VMs) emerging as dominant solutions. This study presents a comparative analysis of Docker and VMs in cloud environments, focusing on performance, security, scalability, and deployment efficiency. Empirical benchmarks indicate that Docker outperforms VMs in CPU, memory, and disk I/O performance, primarily due to its lightweight architecture and direct host resource access. However, VMs provide stronger security isolation, making them more suitable for compliance-heavy applications. While Docker scales more efficiently, enabling faster horizontal scaling with Kubernetes, VMs offer better vertical scaling, supporting resource-intensive workloads. Security vulnerabilities in Docker include container escape attacks and kernel exploits, whereas VMs rely on hypervisorbased isolation for enhanced security. Emerging trends such as hybrid cloud models, where Docker runs inside VMs, are gaining traction to balance performance and security requirements. Additionally, advancements in Kata Containers, rootless Docker, and AWS Firecracker are shaping the future of secure containerization. Future research should focus on optimizing energy efficiency, improving security mechanisms, and developing AI-driven orchestration techniques for both Docker and VMs. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on cloud virtualization, offering insights into when to use Docker, VMs, or a hybrid model based on workload requirements.

Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, kebutuhan akan media penyimpanan yang berkapasitas besar dan akses yang cepat sangat dibutuhkan baik itu pada perangkat smartphone maupun komputer praktis. Network Attached Storage (NAS) merupakan perangkat penyimpanan yang terhubung langsung ke jaringan komputer sehingga kita dapat mengaksesnya melalui jaringan komputer lokal ataupun internet. Perangkat NAS yang tersedia di pasar sangatlah mahal seperti Intel NUC Mini PC, Synology Disk Station, WD Cloud dan masih banyak lagi perangkat serupa yang mana fungsinya sama dan bisa di implementasikan di PC yang sudah ada. Penelitian yang dilakukan akan menguji bagaimana performa dari Desktop PC yang difungsikan sebagai NAS Server. Dengan Open Media Vault (OMV) dapat dibangun sebuah sistem layaknya server yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan besar, namun penerapannya relatif sederhana serta rendah biaya sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pengguna untuk pemakaian pribadi atau bagi pelaku bisnis kecil dan menengah.

Enterprise application performance determines business success levels because these systems enable decisive operational functions and decision processes. Cloud computing is an innovative management solution that provides adaptable systems, scalable abilities, and affordable operational costs for enterprise applications. Maximizing cloud benefits requires proper management of cloud resources to take complete advantage. The paper evaluates significant cloud resource management approaches, including auto-scaling, load balancing, resource optimization, and AI technology to handle performance issues. Multiple best practices are delivered that help achieve top application performance, reduced costs, and reliable operation. This text investigates modern cloud resource management patterns through edge computing analysis, serverless architecture, and sustainable cloud environment approaches for future cloud resource management frameworks. The adopted strategies shield applications from interruptions while creating adaptability and efficiency, allowing enterprises to meet their upcoming operational requirements.

The field of system administration is undergoing significant transformation, driven by the integration of emerging technologies. Innovations such as automation, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and containerization are not only reshaping how systems are managed but also redefining the role of system administrators. This paper explores these emerging technologies, assessing their impact on operational efficiency, scalability, security, and workforce transformation. Through a combination of literature review and case study analysis, this research investigates how system administration is evolving in response to these technological advancements and what the future holds for IT infrastructure management.

Untuk pemberian IP pada Mikrotik Routerboard dilakukan secara otomatis (dhcp) dan manual (static), namun untuk terkoneksi ke Internet Mikrotik menggunakan dhcp client karena IP sudah diberikan laboratorium dan jika diganti secara static maka tidak bisa terkoneksi ke Internet dan untuk menghindari IP yang sama agar tidak terjadi eror . Maka dipakailah konfigurasi static dan manual seperti berikut : Gambar 4.1. konfigurasi IP pada Mikrotik Master

This paper presents the development of algorithm on Policing and Shaping Traffic for bandwidth management which serves as Quality of Services (QoS) in a Campus network. The Campus network is connected with a 16 Mbps Virtual Private Network line to the internet Wide Area Network. Both inbound and outbound real internet traffic were captured and analyzed. Goodness of Fit (GoF) test with Anderson-darling (AD) was fitted to real traffic to identify the best distribution. The Best-fitted Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) model was used to analyze and characterized the data and the parameters. Based on the identified parameters, a new Time Based Policing and Shaping algorithm have been developed and simulated. The policing process drops the burst traffic, while the shaping process delays traffic to the next time transmissions. Mathematical model to formulate the controlled algorithm on burst traffic with selected time has been derived. Inbound traffic threshold control burst was policed at 1200 MByte (MB) while outbound traffic threshold was policed at 680 MB in the algorithms. The algorithms were varied in relation to the identified Weibull parameters to reduce the burst. The analysis shows that the higher shape parameter value that relates to the lower burst of network throughput can be controlled. This research presented a new method for time based bandwidth management and an enhanced network performance by identifying new traffic parameters for traffic modeling in Campus network.

Big data is massive and messy and it's generated at a very fast rate. These characteristics pose a problem for data storage and processing, but focusing on these factors has resulted in a lot navel-gazing. The data which are generated by social network includes structured (10%) and unstructured (90%), which are huge in volume and are becoming big challenge to process and analyze. Big data technology offers significant contributions over technology development. In addition to this, now a day it is also having higher impact on the academic performance of the students. The social networking sites like LinkedIn, Tweeter, and Face book are having such impact among the younger generation. This paper is concerned with student's involvement in social media and their interaction with others (student to student and student to tutor) through this network. Through this analysis of their interaction and communication over social network it will be helpful to find out their interest and requirements. This analysis also list out the usage of some web services and their impact over the linguistic and academic behavior of the young learners. In social network analysis the structured data are capable of storing and analyze using traditional analysis techniques. Here the unstructured data are from social media are considered as useless. But it is also needed to analyze and extract meaning full information from them. The unstructured huge volume of data could be processed under special environment with additional techniques. It is not feasible to process under traditional environment. Since the social network could be represented by socio graph, it is will be feasible by partitioning the big socio graph into computable size. Then it is taken as input into virtualized memory to analyze. Here the Mapper() and Reducer() programs are executed under virtual environment in distributed manner. The virtualization of process has been used to reduce the space complexity and time complexity. There are tools created to address the problem of big data. Hadoop is one of the best examples for dealing big data in a distributed environment. It involves breaking the huge socio graph into cliques of similar interest and analyzed to identify the students need for their development.

Microsoft Windows operating systems internals are so may; even with the variety of operating systems'
distributions available in the market. Beneficial, useful, and trustworthy to do all the tasks much more easy, they are
making the life of Windows admins easy. All the availability are representing signed genuine and licensed utilities ready to
be deployed in the search for the knowledge over the Microsoft Windows environment and they are the Just Enough
Administration (JEA) utilities for all administrators. The sysinternals from Microsoft is a described as a file share that
allows access to the totality of the Sysinternals utilities. Microsoft had developed this to test an alternate distribution
mechanism for different Microsoft environments' utilities. Which is a prof to allow end users to download and run these
tools from any Microsoft based computer connected to the Internet without having to navigate to a specific webpage,
download zipped files then extract them. Even if the end users are unfamiliar with Microsoft Windows Sysinternals,
Microsoft has developed a solution for their education; thus, it is highly recommended that every visitor to the website at
the Microsoft technet sysinternals would absorb all the technical knowledge required before using these utilities.

Penerapan dan perancangan Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) bisa menjadi solusi yang efektif dalam meningkatkan efektivitas dan keamanan jaringan di sekolah maupun perusahaan. VLAN memungkinkan pemisahan jaringan fisik menjadi beberapa segmen logis tanpa memerlukan perangkat keras tambahan, menjadikannya lebih mudah untuk mengelola jaringan yang lebih besar dan juga kompleks. Router Mikrotik sudah terbukti efektif dalam membantu mendukung manajemen VLAN dengan fasilitas-fasilitas manajemen yang mudah digunakan. Router Mikrotik ini dipilih karena memiliki fitur VLAN yang tergolong lengkap dan mudah digunakan. Keamanan jaringan sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga kerahasiaan, integritas, dan ketersediaan data. Firewall adalah salah satu alat penting untuk meningkatkan keamanan jaringan komputer. Mikrotik server memiliki fitur yang sangat lengkap yang meliputi: Hotspot Server, Firewall, Routing,Web Proxy. DNS server, DHCP server, Bandwidth Management, dan keamanan jaringan pada komputer.

Recently there has been an increasing market demand to provide metropolitan and longer-reach Ethernet connectivity. According to a Yankee Group estimate, in 2001 the market for virtual private network (VPN) services over traditional (ATM and Frame Relay) transports was three times larger than IP VPN services in 2000, although the IP (including Multiprotocol Label S witching [MPLS ]) segment is growing much faster and could eclipse traditional services before 2005. This growth, combined with the increasing need to protect existing infrastructure and provide traditional point-to-point connections of different types, has pushed service providers to look for solutions that allow them to carry Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic across a common, converged, single infrastructure without changing the existing service models. Thus Cisco has an opportunity to deliver its Layer 2 tunneling solutions to address this market requirement. Cisco Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) is one such solution that addresses the needs of providers who would like to deploy MPLS and offer services such as Layer 2 aggregation and virtual leased lines using MPLS traffic engineering and quality of service (QoS) along with Cisco AToM. Our paper "A study on Any transport over MPLS " is divided into the following main parts: The first part present "Introduction". The second part present "AToM pseudowire operation". The third part present "AToM and QoS support". The fourth part present "DiffServ and AToM". The fifth part present "Configuration Examples for AToM by NS 2". The sixth part present "Conclusion". I.

In the era of big data and cloud computing, the performance and efficiency of database systems have
become critical factors in the overall performance of information systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review
of self-tuning databases using machine learning techniques. We explore various approaches to optimize query
performance, predictive scaling, and resource allocation in distributed and cloud-based database environments. The
paper also delves into the challenges and solutions in implementing privacy-preserving AI and federated learning in
database systems. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of neuromorphic computing for ultra-low latency
transaction processing and the application of AutoML for real-time data streams. The integration of adversarial
robustness and interpretability in deep neural networks for database management is also discussed. Finally, we present
future research directions, including the unification of reinforcement learning, generative models, and explainable AI
for next-generation autonomous database systems

In the era of big data and cloud computing, the performance and efficiency of database systems have become critical factors in the overall performance of information systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of self-tuning databases using machine learning techniques. We explore various approaches to optimize query performance, predictive scaling, and resource allocation in distributed and cloud-based database environments. The paper also delves into the challenges and solutions in implementing privacy-preserving AI and federated learning in database systems. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of neuromorphic computing for ultra-low latency transaction processing and the application of AutoML for real-time data streams. The integration of adversarial robustness and interpretability in deep neural networks for database management is also discussed. Finally, we present future research directions, including the unification of reinforcement learning, generative models, and explainable AI for next-

In the era of big data and cloud computing, the performance and efficiency of database systems have become critical factors in the overall performance of information systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of self-tuning databases using machine learning techniques. We explore various approaches to optimize query performance, predictive scaling, and resource allocation in distributed and cloud-based database environments. The paper also delves into the challenges and solutions in implementing privacy-preserving AI and federated learning in database systems. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of neuromorphic computing for ultra-low latency transaction processing and the application of AutoML for real-time data streams. The integration of adversarial robustness and interpretability in deep neural networks for database management is also discussed. Finally, we present future research directions, including the unification of reinforcement learning, generative models, and explainable AI for next-generation autonomous database systems.

In this paper, a new routing algorithm based on a flooding method is introduced. Flooding techniques have been used previously, e.g. for broadcasting the routing table in the ARPAnet [1] and other special purpose networks [3][4][5]. However, sending data using flooding can often saturate the network [2] and it is usually regarded as an inefficient broadcast mechanism. Our approach is to flood a very short packet to explore an optimal route without relying on a preestablished routing table, and an efficient flood control algorithm to reduce the signalling traffic overhead. This is an inherently robust mechanism in the face of a network configuration change, achieves automatic load sharing across alternative routes, and has potential to solve many contemporary routing problems. An earlier version of this mechanism was originally

Real time voice and real time video are two main types of real time data which is utilized in the existing age of information technology, this paper will look at providing a QoS mechanism such that the quality of voice and video are maintained while transmitting through the network. The network design and the experimental split up methodology were carefully done in order to retrieve the result. Equal importance for RTP voice and RTP video are given in the experimental design. The results were clearly analysed and in depth explanation given for each and every experiment carried out. The comparative graphs were plotted for delay, jitter and packet loss for real time voice and real time video along the experiments, and detailed explanation are given for the behaviour observed in the graphs.

Advancements in computer technology have revolutionized data management, providing enhanced efficiency, accessibility, and accuracy. Despite these advancements, many churches in Liberia still rely on manual methods to manage membership and financial records, leading to inefficiencies, data loss, and time-consuming processes. This project introduces KingdomDB, a church membership and financial management system designed to address these challenges by automating and streamlining church administrative activities.

KingdomDB incorporates modules for Membership Management, Financial Management, Asset and Project Management, Contribution Tracking, and Report Generation. The system aims to reduce the burden of manual record-keeping, minimize errors, and enhance decision-making through real-time access to accurate data. Its features include secure data storage, efficient retrieval, improved financial transparency, and enhanced data security.

By integrating these functionalities, KingdomDB offers a comprehensive solution tailored to the needs of churches, enabling them to transition from traditional methods to modern, efficient, and secure practices. The proposed system not only simplifies administrative tasks but also fosters transparency and accountability in church operations.

Salah satu permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh siswa di SMAN 1 Cikeusal adalah keterbatasan akses internet di rumah. Banyak siswa yang tidak memiliki perangkat komputer atau laptop yang memadai, serta kuota internet yangterbatas. Ini menjadi kendala dalam memperoleh informasi dan pengetahuan yangdibutuhkan. Akibatnya, siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan tugassekolah, mencari referensi, dan mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Di era digital,di mana akses informasi sangat penting, keterbatasan ini dapat menghambat potensi siswa.Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini dirancang untuk mengimplementasikan mikrotik sistem hotspot mikrotik kepada siswa sman 1 cikeusal, metode yang digunakan mencakup beberapa tahapan penting untuk memastikan keberhasilan dalam menyampaikan materi, melakukan demonstrasi praktis serta mengevaluasi pemahaman dan respon peserta.Kegiatan PKM ini tidak hanya memberikan manfaat langsung kepada peserta, tetapi juga berpotensi mendorong perkembangan infrastruktur digital di lingkungan sekolah dan sekitarnya. Hal ini sejalan dengan harapan pihak sekolah untuk membentuk ekstrakurikuler baru di bidang teknologi informasi, yang dapat memberikan kesempatan lebih luas bagi siswa untuk mengembangkan keterampilan di bidang internet dan jaringan.Semakin bertambahnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman para peserta Siswa/Siswi SMAN 1 Cikeusal dalam mengimplementasikan sistem hotspot berbasis Mikrotik sebagai bekal mereka dalam mengelola jaringan internet sekolah dan persiapan untuk studi lanjut atau dunia kerja. Semakin bertambahnya keterampilan para pesert Siswa/Siswi SMAN 1 Cikeusal dalam menganalisa faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat perencanaan implementasi sistem hotspot Mikrotik untuk memaksimalkan efisiensi dan keamanan jaringan internet sekolah. Semakin bertambahnya pemahaman konfigurasi dan manajemen sistem hotspot Mikrotik Siswa/i SMAN 1 Cikeusal dengan mengimplementasikan pengaturan bandwidth, user management, dan firewall yang saat ini semakin penting dalam pengelolaan jaringan modern

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a record of the oscillations of brain electric potentials, reveals the synaptic action that strongly co-relate with brain state. In this paper we tried to understand the changes in brain by analyzing statistical and Hijroth parameters of single channel EEG, mean and standard deviation of signal's derivatives while using mobile phone. EEG of 10 volunteers was recorded at rest and on exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emissions from two mobile phones having different SAR values. Student's paired t-test is used to analyze the data set with average values of feature parameters; null hypothesis is rejected in all the cases. The samples from different conditions act as they were from different population; this shows the changes in feature parameter while using mobile phone.

Quality of Services in Multi-protocol layer switching for Virtual Private Network (MPLS-VPN) is one of important matter today. These networks experienced an increase of bandwidth size for enterprises LAN which are faster than the increased of bandwidth at WAN link. Thus, line speed is disparity and bottleneck is occurred at the link between WAN and LAN due to the unparalleled increase of bandwidth between these links. This paper presents a study of MPLS-VPN architecture and how to encounter the congestions problem by simulating traffic management on the path diversity and load balance using VRF-lite technique at enterprises MPLS-VPN. A test bed is set up and real enterprise MPLS-VPN network for traffic management is simulated. VRF-Lite traffic management is applied at identified two WAN headquarters and three branch network. WAN and LAN link is identified on primary and secondary network link. VRF-lite is used to overcome the bottle neck at the Branch WAN-LAN link and also to fully utilize all available links at the other sites. Adaptive traffic management is set where if it is identified that other link is not congested than traffic will pass through the link. Result presents analyzed of throughput and bandwidth utilization percentage on all identified links using ftp and http applications. Successful results present that all links at HQ and Branch is being utilized and the congestion at the Branch WAN-LAN link is avoided.

In the present era, Cybercriminals are increasingly focusing their attention on the local networks of Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs). Due to the lack of resources and skilled workers in the cybersecurity field., SMEs struggle to prevent and detect fraudulent activities within their networks. To address this challenge, an Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS) is crucial for optimising network security in SMEs. This research paper explores the implementation of Suricata, an IDS/IPS tool, on a Raspberry Pi 2B embedded platform to create an effective IDPS for SMEs, the study demonstrates the viability of Suricata on low-budget IoT networks with low data traffic. Previous research has shown that Suricata outperforms other systems such as Snort in terms of accuracy and packet loss rate when running on multi-core configurations. The proposed solution offers real-time intrusion detection and prevention capabilities, protecting small business networks from unauthorised access and providing users with timely notifications of network attacks. With Suricata running on OPNsense, SMEs can enhance their network security and safeguard their valuable assets against intrusions.

Clustering can be defined as the process of partitioning a set of patterns into disjoint and homogeneous meaningful groups, called clusters. The growing need for distributed clustering algorithms is attributed to the huge size of databases that is common nowadays. The task of extracting knowledge from large databases, in the form of clustering rules, has attracted considerable attention. Distributed clustering algorithms embrace this trend of merging computations with communication and explore all the facets of the distributed computing environments. Ensemble learning is the process by which multiple models, such as classifiers or experts, are strategically generated and combined to solve a particular computational intelligence problem. An important feature of the proposed technique is that it is able to automatically find the optimal number of clusters (i.e., the number of clusters does not have to be known in advance) even for very high dimensional data sets, where tracking of the number of clusters may be highly impossible. The proposed Optimal Associative Clustering algorithm using genetic algorithm and bayes factor for precision is able to outperform two other state-of-the-art clustering algorithms in a statistically meaningful way over a majority of the benchmark data sets. The result of the proposed optimal associative clustering algorithm is compared with one existing algorithm on two multi dimensional datasets. Experimental result demonstrates that the proposed method is able to achieve a better clustering solution when compared with existing algorithms.

Microarray technology is one of the important biotechnological means that has made it possible to simultaneously monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes during important biological processes and a cross collections of related samples. An important application of microarray data is to elucidate the patterns hidden in gene expression data for an enhanced understanding of functional genomics. A microarray gene expression data set can be represented by an expression table, where each row corresponds to one particular gene, each column to a sample or time point, and each entry of the matrix is the measured expression level of a particular gene in a sample or time point, respectively. However, the large number of genes and the complexity of biological networks greatly increase the challenges of comprehending and interpreting the resulting mass of data, which often consists of millions of measurements. A first step toward addressing this challenge is the use of clustering techniques, which is essential in pattern recognition process to reveal natural structures. Recent decades, more and more researchers study on gene expression profile analysis which provides a more precise and reliable way for disease diagnosis and treatment when compared with traditional cancer diagnosis approaches based on the morphological appearance of cells.Through this research we mainly aim toStudy and analyse different clustering and classification model regarding gene expression data, Design and develop an efficient method for gene expression data clustering and classification finally Conduct experimental analysis to evaluate the proposed methodology to prove the significance of the method

berbasis paket. Software ini memiliki kelebihan-kelebihan untuk mendisain jaringan berdasarkan perangkat yang ada di pasaran, protokol, layanan dan teknologi yang sedang populer di dunia telekomunikasi. Disini disimulasikan suatu model jaringan dengan kondisi yang diharapkan sama pada saat implementasi. Hasil yang dicapai adalah sebuah jaringan dengan teknologi berbasis MPLS yang dapat digunakan oleh service provider untuk mengoptimalisasikan bandwith jaringan dan proses kerja dalam hal komunikasi data. Simpulan yang didapat adalah dengan digunakannya jaringan berbasis MPLS maka jaringan yang sudah ada tidak mengalami penurunan kinerja.

As cyberattacks become more sophisticated and frequent, small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are increasingly at risk. Unlike large corporations, SMBs often lack the resources to implement comprehensive IT security measures, making them attractive targets for cybercriminals. This paper examines critical IT security practices that SMBs should adopt to protect their operations, data, and reputation. Through real-world scenarios, the paper demonstrates the practical application and effectiveness of these measures in mitigating cyber threats.

Perkembangan teknologi pada akhir-akhir ini semakin pesat dengan bertambahnya waktu juga disusul dengan perkembangan internet yang semakin canggih, sekolah adalah salah satu instansi yang ikut serta dalam perkembangnan teknologi tersebut salah satu diantaranya yaitu dalam memanfaatkan jaringan internet untuk keperluan kegiatan belajar, internet bisa dikatakan kebutuhan primer pada saat ini, tidak bisa dipungkiri sumber belajar di internet jauh lebih lengkap dari pada buku pegangan siswa, dalam menanggapi hal tersebut untuk menjaga supaya jaringan internet stabil, aman dan sesuai kebutuhan maka diperlukan penataan sistem jaringan yang memungkinkan. Pemantauan lalu lintas jaringan sangat penting dilakukan agar masalah yang terjadi dapat ditangani secara efektif, untuk itu diperlukan sistem monitoring jaringan, manfaat yang dapat dirasakan yaitu melihat perkembangan dan mendeteksi perubahan secara real-time jika terjadi kesalahan pada jaringan. Monitoring termasuk dalam manajemen jaringan. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) merupakan sebuah protokol dalam memberikan kemampuan pengumpulan data manajemen perangkat jaringan dari jarak jauh atau diremote. Untuk menerapkan konsep SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) pada lingkungan sekolah dan berdampak langsung efek untuk keperluan kegiatan belajar dengan memantau dan membatasi akses internet siswa, aturan yang digunakan untuk user siswa dengan membuat proses penggunaan internet dilaboratorium diberikan limit sesuai kebutuhan dan bisa dimanfaatkan secara efektif untuk kegiatan belajar. Hasil dari studi literatur ini guru dapat memantau proses pembelajaran di laboratorium dengan melihat penelusuran yang dicari diinternet dan juga dapat mengambil atau mendownload laporan dari hasil monitoring sebagai bahan tambahan nilai yang sering aktif mencari materi pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung dengan dibuktikan secara realtime terdapat waktu, ip address dan nama siswa saat login. Kata Kunci: monitoring, manajemen jaringan, SNMP, website.

Recently there has been an increasing market demand to provide metropolitan and longer-reach Ethernet connectivity. According to a Yankee Group estimate, in 2001 the market for virtual private network (VPN) services over traditional (ATM and Frame Relay) transports was three times larger than IP VPN services in 2000, although the IP (including Multiprotocol Label S witching [MPLS ]) segment is growing much faster and could eclipse traditional services before 2005. This growth, combined with the increasing need to protect existing infrastructure and provide traditional point-to-point connections of different types, has pushed service providers to look for solutions that allow them to carry Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic across a common, converged, single infrastructure without changing the existing service models. Thus Cisco has an opportunity to deliver its Layer 2 tunneling solutions to address this market requirement. Cisco Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) is one such solution that addresses the needs of providers who would like to deploy MPLS and offer services such as Layer 2 aggregation and virtual leased lines using MPLS traffic engineering and quality of service (QoS) along with Cisco AToM. Our paper "A study on Any transport over MPLS " is divided into the following main parts: The first part present "Introduction". The second part present "AToM pseudowire operation". The third part present "AToM and QoS support". The fourth part present "DiffServ and AToM". The fifth part present "Configuration Examples for AToM by NS 2". The sixth part present "Conclusion". I.

Quality of Service (QoS) techniques are applied in IP networks to utilize available network resources in the most efficient manner to minimize delays and delay variations (jitters) in network traffic having multiple type of services. Multimedia services may include voice, video and database. Researchers have done considerable work on queuing disciplines to analyze and improve QoS performance in wired and wireless IP networks. This paper highlights QoS analysis in a wired IP network with more realistic enterprise modeling and presents simulation results of a few statistics not presented and discussed before. Four different applications are used i.e. FTP, Database, Voice over IP (VoIP) and Video Conferencing (VC). Two major queuing disciplines are evaluated i.e. 'Priority Queuing' and 'Weighted Fair Queuing' for packet identification under Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP). The simulation results show that WFQ has an edge over PQ in terms of queuing delays and jitters experienced by low priority services. For high priority traffic, dependency of 'Traffic Drop', 'Buffer Usage' and 'Packet Delay Variation' on selected buffer sizes is simulated and discussed to evaluate QoS deeper. In the end, it is also analyzed how network's database service with applied Quality of Service may be affected in terms of throughput (average rate of data received) for internal network users when the server is also accessed by external user(s) through Virtual Private Network (VPN).

The concept of quality of service (QoS) is a new computer technology. Previously, there was a slow internet connection to access the sites and it was slow to send information. But now, it requires speeding up the traffic and increasing the efficiency for audio and video. In this study, we discuss the concepts of QoS provided over the network to achieve these goals. This study aims to compare six algorithms to control the QoS, then, the best algorithm will be selected to improve the traffic. These algorithms are named first in first out (FIFO), priority queuing (PQ), custom queuing (CQ), CQ with low latency queuing (LLQ), weighted fair queuing (WFQ), WFQ with low latency queuing (LLQ), so the behavior of these algorithms can be measured. The results obtained by comparing between them using OPNETsimulation show that the best algorithm is the priority queuing algorithm, followed by CQ, then CQ with LLQ, then WFQ, then WFQ with LLQ and finally FIFO. All these results are plotted in the ...

Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada diberlakukannya Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar atau PSBB. Salah satu implementasi dari PSBB adalah dengan dilaksanakannya proses belajar mengajar secara Online atau daring. Sekolah secara daring memang cukup efektif dalam masa pandemi ini. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah dibutuhkan sarana trafik data untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran Online. Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah menyediakan layanan Wi-Fi gratis di wilayah Kecamatan Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor untuk mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran secara Online. Jaringan Wi-Fi ini dibangun dipemukiman padat di salah satu rumah penduduk. Hasilnya Wi-Fi tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh murid-mu rid pelajar sekolah dasar, sampai perguruan tinggi dengan peserta rata-rata 4 sampai 5 orang dalam satu sesi. Ratarata pengguna harian 10 orang. Kecepatan data maksimal mendekati 252 Kbps. Pada kondisi 10 pengguna kecepatan rata-rata pada 150 Kbps. Kendala yang didapati adalah terbatasnya area jangkauan sinyal Wi-Fi dan adanya larangan berkumpul di satu titik oleh aparat setempat. Disarankan untuk kegiatan berikutnya untuk dikembangkan dengan berbagi Wi-Fi, sehingga pengguna bisa mengakses dari rumah masing-masing.

Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is an important mechanism for providing quality of support on Internet. Even though DiffServ has demonstrated its stream classifications ability, the lack of an efficient network resource management mechanism is still a dilemma for this architecture. To address the mentioned problem, this paper proposes two new bandwidth brokering approaches that by using the network availability information along with the DiffServ priority discipline accomplish an efficient dynamic stream allocation mechanism within the DS-Domain (DiffServ Domain). They are able to address intelligently the network resources based on the users priorities and the application requirements. These two new approaches use the DiffServ class-based information provided by the queueing mechanism in order to estimate the link congestion for each stream type. By analyzing this data our mechanisms can choose the suitable path that best satisfies the user requirements and privileges. The results presented successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms and their advantages over other existing approaches.

Today many routing system is used, from free (free) until the pay, from easy to difficult in the system configuration. One of them will be discussed is MikroTikRouterOS, the router operating system currently in use by the cafe-cafe, offices or other agencies. MikroTikRouterOS is a reliable network routers, equipped with a variety of features and tools, both for wired and wireless networks (LAN). With the development of systems using NDLC method, makes the design of the design of these hotspots are becoming more detailed and structured.

Dewasa ini banyak sistem routing yang digunakan, dari yang gratis (free) sampai yang berbayar, dari mudah sampai yang susah dalam sistem konfigurasinya. Salah satunya yang akan kita bahas adalah MikroTikRouterOS, yaitu sistem operasi router yang sekarang ini banyak di gunakan oleh warnet-warnet, kantor-kantor ataupun instansi-instansi lain. MikroTik RouterOS merupakan routernetwork yang handal, dilengkapi dengan berbagai fitur dan tools, baik untuk jaringan kabel maupun jaringan tanpa kabel (wireless). Dengan pengembangan sistem menggunakan Metode NDLC, menjadikan desain perancangan hotspot ini menjadi lebih terperinci dan terstruktur.

As the digital landscape continues to evolve, safeguarding against cyber threats remains paramount. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the security features inherent in two prominent operating systems, Windows and Ubuntu Linux. Through an exploration of their security mechanisms, including antivirus protection, Bluetooth security, system updates, built-in firewalls, UEFI Secure Boot, and user permissions, this study elucidates the differing approaches each OS takes to fortify its defenses against potential vulnerabilities and cyber attacks. By understanding the distinct security paradigms of Windows and Ubuntu Linux, users and IT administrators can make informed decisions regarding system security and data integrity.

Pada penelitian ini telah dirancang dan direalisasikan RT/RW-Net sebagai sistem yang berfungsi untuk mengakses jaringan internet. Sistem dibangun dengan menggunakan Router Mikrotik sebagai sistem operasi, access point sebagai penyalur jaringan, dan antena omnidirectional yang berperan sebagai pemancar dan penerima sinyal Wi-Fi dari perangkat pelanggan. Fitur user manager pada mikrotik berperan dalam mengatur beberapa fungsi seperti limitasi bandwidth dan limitasi kuota. Kuota dan masa tenggang dapat dibuat sesuai permintaan pelanggan. Sistem RT/RW-Net ini diuji pada saat pelanggan terhubung dengan hotspot RT/RW-Net secara otomatis pada perangkat pelanggan akan muncul halaman website dengan memasukan username dan password yang telah diberi oleh administrator. Kemudian sistem diuji dengan mengukur nilai Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) untuk menentukan kualitas sinyal berdasarkan standar yang berlaku. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, nilai RSSI terendah yaitu -65 dBm pada jarak 28...

Penelitian ini akan menggunakan modem ADSL yang disetting bridge agar dapat memanfaatkan mikrotik sebagai PPoe client yang dapat terkoneksi langsung ke IP Public dengan username dan password yang diberikan oleh ISP pada setiap modem. Kemudian akan dilanjutkan dengan pembagian bandwidth dengan metode PCQ pada routerboard mikrotik di jaringan wifi lingkungan sekolah SMAN 20 Medan. Pada jaringan wifi tersebut akan terkoneksi beberapa user kemudian akan dimonitoring antrian queue tree yang aktif dengan batasan IP Address yang telah ditentukan pada list firewall dan pengukuran dilakukan dengan berdasarkan parameter kualitas jaringan berupa ukuran data download, delay dan loss bandwidth. Pengumpulan data akan dibantu dengan aplikasi Wireshark. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat analisis QoS pada trafik sibuk dengan memodelkan persamaan yang cocok untuk performansi jaringan wifi di lingkungan SMAN 20 Medan pada metode management bandwitdth PCQ, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas jaringan in...

The Internet supports migration of code from node to node. A number of paradigms exist for distributed computing and mobile code, including client/server, remote evaluation, code-on-demand, and mobile agents. We find them overly-restrictive views of reality. We propose a model that can express previous paradigms as special cases. We derive a model using Cellular Automata (CA) abstractions to study relations between local node behavior and global system behavior. Example mobile code systems are provided and existing paradigms are expressed in terms of the model. These examples include network attacks such as viruses, worms, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). A distributed system simulation tool based on the model is described. Simulation results provide insights gained from this work.

In November 2019, scholars and practitioners from ten higher education institutions celebrated the launch of the iKudu project. This project, co-funded by Erasmus+ 1 , focuses on capacity development for curriculum transformation through internationalisation and development of Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) virtual exchange. Detailed plans for 2020 were discussed including a series of site visits and face-toface training. However, the realities of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the plans in ways that could not have been foreseen and new ways of thinking and doing came to the fore. Writing from an insider perspective as project partners, in this paper we draw from appreciative inquiry, using a metaphor of a mosaic as our identity, to first provide the background on the iKudu project before sharing the impact of the pandemic on the project's adapted approach. We then discuss how alongside the focus of iKudu in the delivery of an internationalised and transformed curriculum using COIL, we have, by our very approach as project partners, adopted the principles of COIL exchange. A positive impact of the pandemic was that COIL offered a consciousness raising activity, which we suggest could be used more broadly in order to help academics think about international research practice partnerships, and, as in our situation, how internationalised and decolonised curriculum practices might be approached.

Resource reservation must operate in an efficient and scalable fashion, to accommodate the rapid growth of the Internet. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for interdomain aggregated resource reservation for unicast traffic. We also present an associated protocol, called the Border Gateway Reservation Protocol (BGRP), that scales well, in terms of message processing load, state storage and bandwidth. Each stub or transit domain may use its own intra-domain resource reservation protocol. BGRP builds a sink tree for each of the stub domains. Each sink tree aggregates bandwidth reservations from all data sources in the network. Since backbone routers maintain only the sink tree information, the total number of reservations at each router scales linearly with the number of Internet domains N. (Even aggregated versions of the current protocol RSVP have a reservation count that can grow like O(N 2).) BGRP maintains these aggregated reservations using "soft state." To further reduce the protocol message traffic, routers may reserve bandwidth beyond the current load, so that some sources can join or leave the tree without sending messages all the way to the tree root. BGRP relies on Differentiated Services for data forwarding, hence the number of packet classifier entries is extremely small.