Traffic Impact Assessment

Cải tạo chung cư cũ ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh nói riêng và các đô thị khác ở Việt Nam đều gặp phải nhiều khó khăn như xung đột lợi ích giữa các chủ thể, khó cân đối các mục tiêu phát triển đa chiều, và những bất cập về cơ chế và cộng cụ. Bài viết sử dụng tiếp cận về quan hệ lợi ích để thảo luận về các giải pháp tháo gỡ xung đột lợi ích giữa các bên trong mô hình hợp tác phát triển. Tình huống nghiên cứu ở chung cư Nguyễn Thiệt Thuật, Quận 3, thành phố Hồ Chí Minh minh họa tác dụng của các công cụ đánh giá tác động giao thông cùng nhiều lựa chọn về thiết kế có thể nâng cao tính khả thi cho việc cải tạo các chung cư cũ ở khu vực quá tải về hạ tầng giao thông.

Hospitals are major trip generators in any country. Significant amount of trips are attracted everyday by numbers of hospitals. A trip to hospital is generally considered as an emergency trip based on purpose. So as it is an emergency purpose, trip attraction plays vital role in solving and improving traffic facilities by developing road networks. Moreover, trip attraction rates of hospitals can be very useful in performing Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA).
Some studies have been conducted based on trips done by people and also on vehicular attraction on western countries, but for a country like Bangladesh no study has been performed for determining the trip attraction rates of hospitals. In this thesis an attempt has been taken to determine trip attraction rates of hospitals in Dhaka city. The study involves the estimation of trip attraction rates of eight different hospitals on various locations. Hourly trip attraction rates are determined based on gross floor area, number of beds, number of employee and number of parking spaces. Trip attraction rates are determined for both the morning and evening peaks. Average trip attraction rates for three major size categories of hospitals (small, medium and large hospitals) are determined. It has been observed that the trip attraction rates of large-size hospitals are higher than the trip attraction rates of small-size and medium-size hospitals.

In metropolitan cities, rapidly increased new construction development activities and every new development has its own traffic impact which can be affect the surrounding road network. In this research we study the systematic method to analyze traffic impact of a new construction development which can generate and attract traffic demand around the road network according to survey and analysis of existing traffic condition. To analyze, Regression method is used; evaluation of traffic growth rate is done according to past traffic data and forecast future traffic condition after development in terms of Level of service (LOS) of road. The distribution of traffic volume orderly to make sure the balance of the project won't affect the existing traffic condition. The traffic impact analysis can help to forecast the traffic volume activities for later on years, basically to investigate the different traffic elements having sway on movement conditions after improvement. Traffic assignment is involving the pattern, which is generated traffic will be distributed on according to residual capacity of surrounding roads. The traffic impact research can help to detect projected traffic condition, thus planning is made to provide facilities to minimize the traffic problems after complete commercial developments. An attempt has been done to reduce the traffic impact be mitigated by staggered office timing and carpooling 30% reduced generation and attraction traffic of Corporate Park, Carpooling introducing some AC buses and transportation facilities. Due to staggered office timing and carpooling have been observed and the traffic volume will be diverted to the proposed transportation amenities constructed which is front of study area thus the traffic condition will be reduced and LOS will be improved.

Urban horticulture is gaining more and more attention in the context of sustainable food supply. Yet, cities are exposed to (former) industrial activities and traffic, responsible for emission of contaminants. Trace elements were monitored in soils located in the urban environment of Ghent (Belgium) and 84 samples of Lactuca satica L. lettuce grown on it. The effects of cultivation in soil versus trays, neighbouring traffic and washing of the lettuce before consumption were studied. The 0–30 cm top layer of soils appeared heterogenic in composition and enriched in Co, Cd, Ni and Pb within 10 m from the nearest road. Yet, no similar elevated concentrations could be found in the crops, except for As. Besides uptake from the roots, the presence of trace elements in the plants is also caused by the atmospheric deposition of airborne particulate matter on the leaf surface. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that this latter transport pathway might particularly be the case for Pt, Pd and Rh. Concentrations of Cd did not exceed the 0.2 mg/kg (fresh weight) threshold for Cd in leafy vegetables set by the European Commission. Measurements to reduce the health risks include the washing of lettuce, which effectively reduced the number of samples trespassing the maximum Pb level of 0.3 mg/kg (fresh weight). Also, cultivation in trays resulted in a lower As content in the plants. Taking into account a vigilance on crop selection, cultivation substrate and proper washing before consumption are considered essential steps for safe domestic horticulture in urban environments.

A series of extensive air pollution measurements were carried out at ten different sites in City of Veszprem. The research was conducted over a year and the components (namely nitrogen-dioxide and benzene) were measured in each season according to the seasonal circumstances. The primary point of view in selecting the sampling sites was to monitor and follow up the impact of the traffic/transportation on the air pollutant concentrations show clearly that nitrogen-dioxide and benzene concentrations are both higher at those measuring points where the direct impact of traffic on the air pollutant concentrations is significant. During the heating period of the year these values increase due to pollution stemming fro m the domestic heating.