avirulent

To examine T gondii strain differences, we analyzed three avirulent (ME49, NTE, and 76K) and two virulent strains (BK and RH) and could observe comparable results within the groups.

Typhimurium) to survive and replicate in host cells, including macrophages, is essential for virulence because mutants that fail to replicate in cultured cell lines are avirulent in vivo (4,5).

The aim of the present study was to examine the protection and antibody response of rainbow trout following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either a live virulent (NCIMB 1113) or an avirulent (NCIMB 1111) isolate of Rs and subsequently, also after a following challenge with the virulent strain.

Dilute concentrations of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG; an avirulent strain of Mycobacterium bovis) were used as a model organism.

Trichoderma species- opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts.

Recessive avirulent gene vGm2 of gall midge is reported to be sex-linked (Bentur et al., 2000).

The dense population structure in biofilms increases the opportunity of gene transfer between the species which can convert a previously avirulent pathogen to a highly virulent pathogen (see Figure 3).

Infection types equal to or higher than 7 were considered virulent, and those less than 7 were considered avirulent.

Four pathotypes of NDV have been described by Spradbrow (1987), which are avirulent (causing no disease), lentogenic (low virulence), mesogenic (moderate virulence) and velogenic (high virulence).

Virulence data interpreted as 0.0-0.9 = avirulent (AV), 1.0-3.5 = low virulent (LV) 3.6-5.0 = medium virulent (MV), 5.1-9.0 = highly virulent (HV).

Loreto 2004.Trichoderma species opportunistic avirulent plant symbiontsNature Rev.

In accordance with previous studies, nonencapsulated NL119 was avirulent. However, NL119 P4, which recovered its capsule in vivo, also recovered virulence.

Trichoderma Species--Opportunistic, Avirulent Plant Symbionts, Nature Reviews., 2004;2: 43-56.

Race LBB was used in the studies because it is relatively avirulent and, therefore, detects many resistance genes.

Genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analysis of virulent and avirulent Rickettsia prowazekii reveals its adaptive mutation capabilities.