Subtelomeric and paracentromeric sequences are assigned a pure color (aqua, yellow, and red for pter,
centromere, and qter, respectively), and interstitial bands are assigned either a pure (far red or green) or a hybrid (fusion) color.
It was first defined by John Roberts in 1919 in a case of a baby boy with bilateral cleft lip and tetra-phocomelia.1,2 The finding of cytogenetic 'premature
centromere separation (PCS)' is present in the majority of Roberts cases.3 It has been determined that the disease is caused by mutation in ESCO2 (eatablishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2) gene which encodes a protein essential for regulating sister chromatid cohesion.
Luft et al., "Historical perspectives on the discovery and elucidation of autoantibodies to
centromere proteins (CENP) and the emerging importance of antibodies to CENP-F," Autoimmunity Reviews, vol.
These patterns are usually reported as either nuclear,
centromere, or nucleolar.
The single chiasma is not restricted to any particular region in the shortest bivalents (M9-S11), but it is exclusively located near the
centromere in the rest of the bivalents (L1-M8) (White 1936; Shaw 1970, 1971a, b; Perry & Jones 1974; Calvente et al.
While not unique cytologically, the Cyperaceae exhibit three distinctive chromosome traits that are highly unusual among angiosperms: (1) production of a single pollen grain (pseudomonad) per pollen mother cell, (2) post-reductional meiosis, and (3) diffuse
centromeres. Microsporogenesis in the Cyperaceae mirrors megasporogenesis in most angiosperms: three nuclei of each pollen mother cell (PMC) degenerate after failing to undergo DNA replication (Juel, 1900; Hoshino & Shimizu, 1986; Brown & Lemmon, 2000).
Distinct DNA-binding proteins are also associated with origins of DNA replication,
centromeres, telomeres, and other aspects of genome maintenance (5, 6).
On chromosome 5, the 5S rRNA genes were located immediately next to the
centromere. On chromosome 6, the 5S rRNA genes were located approximately half way between the telomere and the
centromere on the short arm (Fig.
The presence of one or more chromosomes with early or asynchronic separation of the
centromere may be characteristic of a species or may result from the action of environmental agents (11-14).
In the heterozygous condition, the proximal telomeres (i.e., those closest to the
centromere) of the acrocentric fission products lack homologous telomeres with which to associate.
Increased CEP17 copy number may occur because of a focal gain in the centromeric region, polysomy (a duplication of the entire chromosome), a gain of a large portion of chromosome 17, or coamplification of the
centromere and HER2.
Langley and colleagues Sasha Langley and Gary Karpen at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Karen Miga at UC Santa Cruz reasoned that there could be haplotypes -- groups of genes that are inherited together in human evolution -- that stretch over vast portions of our genomes, and even across the
centromere.
The RP11-78E12 BAC clone and CEP 1 FISH probes (Empire Genomics LLC, Williamsburg NY) were used to detect the 1q deletion and
centromere 1 (control) regions, respectively.
In the genus Meloidogyne Goldi, 1892, the chromosomes are of the holocinetic type, and they do not present a chromosome with a localized
centromere (Marquez-Corro et al.
Autoantibodies, such as ribonucleoprotein/Smith (RNP/Sm), Sjogren's syndrome-A (SS-A), Ro-52, Sjogren's syndrome-B, polymyositis-systemic sclerosis,
centromere B, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), nucleosomes, histones, ribosomal protein, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, were assessed by immunoblot technique.
