gall

As with herbarium records (which were not specimens from the TBR), records of galls collected from elsewhere in the country (indicated in Table 2 by an asterisk) are no guarantee that the gall is present in the TBR.

In conclusion, despite the increasing number of gall inventories in the Neotropics, there is still much more work to be done, especially in the taxonomy of the gall-inducers.

* Colonial galls: galls with several gall inducers per chamber.

* Common storage tissue (CST): an outer storage parenchyma or sclerenchyma with intense accumulation of starch and other metabolites, which are not directly involved in the inducer's feeding, but are important energy source for growth and maintenance of gall tissues.

Mani (1964) made the first distinction between inquilines and cecidophages by suggesting that gall tissue feeding inquilines evolved this trait from gall-inducing ancestors, whereas cecidophages evolved the habit of feeding on gall tissue independently.

It is possible also to find inquilines that modify gall tissues that are not phylogenetically closely related to the initiator of the galls they occupy (Van Noort et al.

In 1934 Niemeier classified gall bladder perforations into three types.

In our patient we had suspicion of a small duodenal perforation, however we found gall bladder perforation preoperatively.

yanoniella, and it is readily distinguished from the two congeneric species by the length of antennal segments, the secondary sensoria on the antennal segments, the shape of the gall formed on Rhus host plants, and the species of the primary host plant.

Unknown, but, as for other Rhus gall aphids, it is almost certainly a moss.

The gall shapes were characterized as globoid, lenticular, marginal leaf roll, conical, cylindrical, fusiform, spherical and pocket shaped.

Here, we also noticed that the majority of gall inducers belonged to Cecidomyiidae.

The ACGW is a gall inducing insect; gall induction is an adaptive phenomenon, which has been described suggesting some hypotheses.

In Italy, all native parasitoids recruited to ACGW are species associated with oak gall wasps.