Implementation of Stack in JavaScript

Last Updated : 13 Aug, 2025

A stack is a linear data structure that allows operations to be performed at one end, called the top. The two primary operations are:

Push: Adds an element to the top of the stack.
Pop: Removes and returns the top element from the stack.

It fundamental data structure in computer science that follows the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle. This means that the last element added to the stack will be the first one to be removed. Stacks are widely used in various applications, such as function call management, undo mechanisms, and parsing expressions.

Extreme Conditions in a Stack

Stack Underflow:
- Occurs when you try to perform a pop or peek operation on an empty stack.
- Handling: Check if the stack is empty before performing these operations.
Stack Overflow:
- Occurs when you try to push an element into a stack that has reached its maximum capacity (in languages or implementations where the stack size is fixed).
- Handling: Check if the stack is full before performing a push operation.

Ways to Implement Stack in JavaScript

1. Array Implementation of a Stack In JavaScript

In a stack implementation, we need to do push and pop operations at the same end.
In an array, we can do both operations at the end of the array (or last element) in O(1) time.

JavaScript

class Stack {
    constructor() { this.items = []; }

    // Push operation
    push(element) { this.items.push(element); }

    // Pop operation
    pop()
    {
        if (this.isEmpty()) {
            return "Stack is empty";
        }
        return this.items.pop();
    }

    // Peek operation
    peek()
    {
        if (this.isEmpty()) {
            return "Stack is empty";
        }
        return this.items[this.items.length - 1];
    }

    // isEmpty operation
    isEmpty() { return this.items.length === 0; }

    // Size operation
    size() { return this.items.length; }

    // Print the stack
    print() { console.log(this.items); }
}

// Example Usage
const stack = new Stack();

stack.push(10);
stack.push(20);
stack.push(30);
console.log(stack.peek());
console.log(stack.pop());
console.log(stack.size());
console.log(stack.isEmpty());
stack.print();

Output

30
30
2
false
[ 10, 20 ]

Time Complexity: All operations in the Stack Class ( Push , Pop, Peek, isEmpty, Size,) have O(1) time complexity. print Stack(), which is O(n).
Auxiliary Space: O(1) for all operations.

2. Linked List Implementation of Stack in JavaScript

In a stack implementation, we need to do push and pop operations at the same end.
In a linked list, we can do both operations at the beginning of the list (or first element) in O(1) time.

JavaScript

// Node class representing each element in the stack
class Node {
    constructor(value)
    {
        this.value = value;
        this.next = null;
    }
}

// Stack class using a Linked List
class Stack {
    constructor()
    {
        this.top = null;
        this.size = 0;
    }

    // Push operation
    push(value)
    {
        const newNode = new Node(value);
        newNode.next = this.top;
        this.top = newNode;
        this.size++;
    }

    // Pop operation
    pop()
    {
        if (this.isEmpty()) {
            console.log("Stack is empty!");
            return null;
        }
        const poppedValue = this.top.value;
        this.top = this.top.next;
        this.size--;
        return poppedValue;
    }

    // Peek operation
    peek()
    {
        return this.isEmpty() ? null : this.top.value;
    }

    // Check if the stack is empty
    isEmpty() { return this.size === 0; }

    // Returns the size of the stack
    getSize() { return this.size; }

    // Print stack elements
    printStack()
    {
        let current = this.top;
        let stackValues = [];
        while (current) {
            stackValues.push(current.value);
            current = current.next;
        }
        console.log("Stack:", stackValues.join(" -> "));
    }
}

// Example Usage
const stack = new Stack();
stack.push(10);
stack.push(20);
stack.push(30);
stack.printStack();
console.log("Top Element:", stack.peek());
console.log("Popped Element:", stack.pop());
stack.printStack();

Output

Stack: 30 -> 20 -> 10
Top Element: 30
Popped Element: 30
Stack: 20 -> 10

Time Complexity: All operations in the Stack Class ( Push , Pop, Peek, isEmpty, Size,) have O(1) time complexity.
Auxiliary Space : O(1) for all operations

Also Check

Easy Problems
Medium Problems
Hard Problems on Stack in JavaScript

Array Implementation of Stack

Array Implementation of Stack

Array Implementation of Stack in Javascript

S

Sumit Ghosh

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