100 metres

This article is about the 100-metres race. For lengths on the order of magnitude of 100 metres, see 1 hectometre.

Athletics 100 metres
Start of the 100 metres final at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Men's records
World	Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009)
Olympic	Usain Bolt 9.63 (2012)
Women's records
World	Florence Griffith 10.49 (1988)
Olympic	Florence Griffith 10.62 (1988)

The 100 metres, or 100-meter dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women.

Women's 100M Final - 28th Summer Universiade 2015

The reigning 100 m Olympic champion is often named "the fastest man in the world." The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983. Jamaicans Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce are the reigning world and Olympic champions in the men's and women's 100 metres, respectively.

On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. Runners begin in the starting blocks and the race begins when an official fires the starter's pistol. Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50–60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.

The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race. The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.

The 100 m (109.361 yards) emerged from the metrication of the 100 yards (91.44 m), a now defunct distance originally contested in English-speaking countries. The event is largely held outdoors as few indoor facilities have a 100 m straight.

Race dynamics

Start

Male sprinters await the starter's instructions

At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks.

At high level meets, the time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1 s is considered a false start. The 0.1-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time they take to react to it.

For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule allowed some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The next iteration of the rule, introduced in February 2003, meant that one false start was allowed among the field, but anyone responsible for a subsequent false start was disqualified.

This rule led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage. To avoid such abuse and to improve spectator enjoyment, the IAAF implemented a further change in the 2010 season – a false starting athlete now receives immediate disqualification. This proposal was met with objections when first raised in 2005, on the grounds that it would not leave any room for innocent mistakes. Justin Gatlin commented, "Just a flinch or a leg cramp could cost you a year's worth of work." The rule had a dramatic impact at the 2011 World Championships, when current world record holder Usain Bolt was disqualified.

Mid-race

Runners typically reach their top speed just past the halfway point of the race and they progressively decelerate in the later stages of the race. Maintaining that top speed for as long as possible is a primary focus of training for the 100 m. Pacing and running tactics do not play a significant role in the 100 m, as success in the event depends more on pure athletic qualities and technique.

Finish

The winner, by IAAF Competition Rules, is determined by the first athlete with his or her torso (not including limbs, head, or neck) over the nearer edge of the finish line. When the placing of the athletes is not obvious, a photo finish is used to distinguish which runner was first to cross the line.

Climatic conditions

See also: wind assistance

Climatic conditions, in particular air resistance, can affect performances in the 100 m. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0 m/s is allowed for a 100 m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal."

Furthermore, sprint athletes perform better at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. In theory, the thinner air would also make breathing slightly more difficult (due to the partial pressure of oxygen being lower), but this difference is negligible for sprint distances where all the oxygen needed for the short dash is already in the muscles and bloodstream when the race starts (explaining why many athletes choose not to breathe for the duration of the race). While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A."

10-second barrier

Main article: 10-second barrier

Gender and ethnicity

Main article: race and sports

Only male sprinters have beaten the 100 m 10-second barrier, nearly all of them being of West African descent. Namibian (formerly South-West Africa) Frankie Fredericks became the first man of non-West African heritage to achieve the feat in 1991 and in 2003 Australia's Patrick Johnson (who has Irish and Indigenous Australian heritage) became the first sub-10-second runner without an African background.

In the Prefontaine Classic 2015 Diamond League meet at Eugene, Su Bingtian ran a time of 9.99 seconds, becoming the first Asian athlete to officially break the 10-second barrier. In the 2015 Birmingham Grand Prix Diamond League meet, British athlete Adam Gemili, who is of mixed Iranian and Moroccan descent, ran a time of 9.97 seconds on home soil, becoming the first athlete with either North African or Middle Eastern heritage to break the ten-second barrier. Of the six men's continental record holders, currently three of them were born in Nigeria.

It is believed that biological factors may be largely responsible for the notable success in sprinting events enjoyed by athletes of West African descent. This includes:

Relatively less subcutaneous fat on arms and legs and proportionately more lean body and muscle mass, broader shoulders, larger quadriceps, and bigger, more developed musculature in general;

Denser, shallower chests;

Higher center of gravity, generally shorter sitting height, narrower hips, and lighter calves;

Longer arm span and "distal elongation of segments" – the hand is relatively longer than the forearm, which in turn is relatively longer than the upper arm; the foot is relatively longer than the tibia (leg), which is relatively longer than the thigh;

Faster patellar tendon reflex;

Greater body density, which is likely due to higher bone mineral density and heavier bone mass at all stages in life, including infancy (despite evidence of lower calcium intake and a higher prevalence of lactose intolerance, which prevents consumption of dairy products);

Modestly, but significantly, higher levels of plasma testosterone (3-19 percent), which is anabolic, theoretically contributing to greater muscle mass, lower fat, and the ability to perform at a higher level of intensity with quicker recovery;

The ACTN3 protein, a "speed gene" most common among persons of West African descent that renders fast twitch muscle fibers fast. African American 200 m and 400 m world champion Michael Johnson has suggested that the presence of ACTN3 is at the root of the success of these athletes in sprinting events;

And finally, a higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers (Type II) and more anaerobic enzymes, which can translate into more explosive energy. The enzyme creatine kinase is abundantly expressed in these fibers. The enzyme rapidly regenerates the biological fuel molecule ATP needed for the sprint. The enzyme has been reported to be twice as high in subjects of sub-Saharan African descent. Creatine kinase is the final common pathway of muscle activity. It is tightly bound to the muscle fibers and directly fuels fast muscle contraction. Therefore, the creatine kinase system is considered to be the major factor, downstream of other factors, that modulates the biological capacity to sprint.

Top sprinters of differing ancestry, such as Christophe Lemaitre, are believed to be exceptions in that they too likely have the genes favourable for sprinting. Colin Jackson, an athlete with mixed ethnic background and former world record holder in the 110 metre hurdles, noted that both his parents were talented athletes and suggested that biological inheritance was the greatest influence, rather than any perceived racial factor. Furthermore, successful black role models in track events may reinforce the racial disparity.

Record performances

Major 100 m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach.

The men's world record has been improved upon twelve times since electronic timing became mandatory in 1977. The current men's world record of 9.58 s is held by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, set at the 2009 World Athletics Championships final on 16 August 2009, breaking his own previous world record by 0.11 s. The current women's world record of 10.49 s was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner of the US, in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988.

Some records have been marred by prohibited drug use – in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his medal and world record.

Jim Hines, Ronnie Ray Smith and Charles Green were the first to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m, all on 20 June 1968, the Night of Speed. Hines also recorded the first legal electronically timed sub-10 second 100 m in winning the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics. Bob Hayes ran a wind-assisted 9.91 seconds at the 1964 Olympics.

Continental records

Updated 5 July 2015.

Area	Men				Women
	Time (s)	Wind	Athlete	Nation	Time (s)	Wind	Athlete	Nation
Africa (records)	9.85	+1.7	Olusoji Fasuba	Nigeria	10.79	+1.1	Blessing Okagbare	Nigeria
Asia (records)	9.93	+0.4	Femi Ogunode	Qatar	10.79	0.0	Li Xuemei	People's Republic of China
Europe (records)	9.86	+0.6	Francis Obikwelu	Portugal	10.73	+2.0	Christine Arron	France
	9.86	+1.3	Jimmy Vicaut	France
North, Central America and Caribbean (records)	9.58 WR	+0.9	Usain Bolt	Jamaica	10.49 WR	0.0	Florence Griffith-Joyner	United States
Oceania (records)	9.93	+1.8	Patrick Johnson	Australia	11.11	+1.9	Melissa Breen	Australia
South America (records)	10.00	+1.6	Robson da Silva	Brazil	11.01	+1.4	Ana Cláudia Lemos	Brazil

Notes

• ^A Represents a time set at a high altitude.
• ^WR World record

Fastest 100 metres runners

All-time top 25 men

Usain Bolt breaking the world and Olympic records at the 2008 Beijing Olympics

See also: 10-second barrier and men's 100 metres world record progression

As of 5 July 2015:

Rank	Time	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Country	Date	Location
1	9.58	+0.9	Usain Bolt	Jamaica	16 August 2009	Berlin
2	9.69	+2.0	Tyson Gay	United States	20 September 2009	Shanghai
		−0.1	Yohan Blake	Jamaica	23 August 2012	Lausanne
4	9.72	+0.2	Asafa Powell	Jamaica	2 September 2008	Lausanne
5	9.74	+0.9	Justin Gatlin	United States	15 May 2015	Doha
6	9.78	+0.9	Nesta Carter	Jamaica	29 August 2010	Rieti
7	9.79	+0.1	Maurice Greene	United States	16 June 1999	Athens
8	9.80	+1.3	Steve Mullings	Jamaica	4 June 2011	Eugene
9	9.82	+1.7	Richard Thompson	Trinidad and Tobago	21 June 2014	Port of Spain
10	9.84	+0.7	Donovan Bailey	Canada	27 July 1996	Atlanta
		+0.2	Bruny Surin	Canada	22 August 1999	Seville
		+1.3	Trayvon Bromell	United States	25 June 2015	Eugene
13	9.85	+1.2	Leroy Burrell	United States	6 July 1994	Lausanne
		+1.7	Olusoji Fasuba	Nigeria	12 May 2006	Ad-Dawhah
		+1.3	Mike Rodgers	United States	4 June 2011	Eugene
16	9.86	+1.2	Carl Lewis	United States	25 August 1991	Tokyo
		−0.7	Frankie Fredericks	Namibia	3 July 1996	Lausanne
		+1.8	Ato Boldon	Trinidad and Tobago	19 April 1998	Walnut
		+0.6	Francis Obikwelu	Portugal	22 August 2004	Athens
		+1.4	Keston Bledman	Trinidad and Tobago	23 June 2012	Port of Spain
		+1.3	Jimmy Vicaut	France	4 July 2015	Saint-Denis
22	9.87	+0.3	Linford Christie	United Kingdom	15 August 1993	Stuttgart
		−0.2	Obadele Thompson	Barbados	11 September 1998	Johannesburg
24	9.88	+1.8	Shawn Crawford	United States	19 June 2004	Eugene
		+1.0	Walter Dix	United States	8 August 2010	Nottwil
		+0.9	Ryan Bailey	United States	29 August 2010	Rieti
		+1.0	Michael Frater	Jamaica	30 June 2011	Lausanne

More facts about these male runners

• Usain Bolt also holds the record for the fastest 100 metres with a running start at 8.70 (41 km/h). This was achieved during a 150 metres race in Manchester 2009, completed in 14.35 (also a World Record).
• Tyson Gay ran a time of 9.68 s set on 29 June 2008 during the 2008 U.S. Olympic Track & Field Trials at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, but the tail wind speed was +4.1 m/s, more than double the IAAF legal limit of +2.0 m/s.
• Obadele Thompson ran 9.69 in El Paso, Texas in April 1996, which stood as the fastest ever 100m time for 12 years until Tyson Gay's June 2008 performance, but the tail wind speed was +5.7 m/s.
• Andre De Grasse of Markham, Ontario, Canada, ran 9.75 s on June 12, 2015, during the NCAA Track and Field Championships, in Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A, but the tail wind speed was +2.7 m/s.
• Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on 12 May 2006, which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the record was rescinded in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006.
• Carl Lewis ran a time of 9.78 seconds at the 1988 US Olympic trials in Indianapolis, but the tail wind speed was +5.2 m/s.
• Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 at Paris on 14 September 2002 was rescinded following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges. The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77.
• Ben Johnson ran 9.79 at Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on 30 August 1987 was rescinded. Carl Lewis's 9.92 in the Seoul race was therefore recognized as the world record, and his two prior runs of 9.93 were seen as having equalled the previous world record.
• Ato Boldon ran four 9.86 races (two in 1998, two in 1999).
• Steve Mullings is serving a lifetime ban for doping.

All-time top 25 women

Christine Arron (left) wins the 100 m at the Weltklasse meeting.

See also: Women's 100 metres world record progression

As of August 2015

Rank	Time	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Nation	Date	Location	Ref
1	10.49	0.0	Florence Griffith-Joyner	United States	16 July 1988	Indianapolis
2	10.64	+1.2	Carmelita Jeter	United States	20 September 2009	Shanghai
3	10.65	+1.1	Marion Jones	United States	12 September 1998	Johannesburg
4	10.70	+0.6	Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce	Jamaica	29 June 2012	Kingston
5	10.73	+2.0	Christine Arron	France	19 August 1998	Budapest
6	10.74	+1.3	Merlene Ottey	Jamaica	7 September 1996	Milan
7	10.75	+0.4	Kerron Stewart	Jamaica	10 July 2009	Rome
8	10.76	+1.7	Evelyn Ashford	United States	22 August 1984	Zürich
		+1.1	Veronica Campbell-Brown	Jamaica	31 May 2011	Ostrava
10	10.77	+0.9	Irina Privalova	Russia	6 July 1994	Lausanne
		+0.7	Ivet Lalova	Bulgaria	19 June 2004	Plovdiv
12	10.78	+1.0	Dawn Sowell	United States	3 June 1989	Provo
	10.78	+1.8	Torri Edwards	United States	26 June 2008	Eugene
14	10.79	0.0	Li Xuemei	People's Republic of China	18 October 1997	Shanghai
		−0.1	Inger Miller	United States	22 August 1999	Seville
		+1.1	Blessing Okagbare	Nigeria	27 July 2013	London
		+1.5	English Gardner	United States	26 June 2015	Eugene
18	10.80	+0.8	Tori Bowie	United States	18 July 2014	Monaco
19	10.81	+1.7	Marlies Göhr	East Germany	8 June 1983	Berlin
		+1.7	Murielle Ahoure	Ivory Coast	30 May 2015	Eugene
		−0.3	Dafne Schippers	Netherlands	24 August 2015	Beijing
22	10.82	−1.0	Gail Devers	United States	1 August 1992	Barcelona
		+0.4	Gwen Torrence	United States	3 September 1994	Paris
		−0.3	Zhanna Block	Ukraine	6 August 2001	Edmonton
		−0.7	Sherone Simpson	Jamaica	24 June 2006	Kingston

More facts about these female runners

• Florence Griffith-Joyner's World Record has been the subject of a controversy due to strong suspicion of a defective anemometer measuring a tailwind lower than actually present; since 1997 the International Athletics Annual of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians has listed this performance as "probably strongly wind assisted, but recognized as a world record." It can be reasonable to assume a wind reading of about +4.7 m/s for Griffith-Joyner's quarter-final. Her 10.61 the following day and 10.62 at the 1988 Olympics would still make her the world record holder. Sheila Echols' 10.83 clocking was set in the same quarter-final race at the US Olympic trials as Griffith-Joyner's world record, her next best time is 10.99, from the semi-finals of the same meet.
• Gail Devers also has two other 10.82 performances, 7 July 1993 in Lausanne (+1.5) and 16 August 1993 in the World Championship final in Stuttgart (−0.3).

Best Year Performances

As of June 1, 2015

Men

Year	Time	Athlete	Place
1972	10.07	Valeriy Borzov (URS)	Munich
1973	10.15	Steve Williams (USA)	Dakar
1974	9.9h	Steve Williams (USA)	Los Angeles
1975	10.05	Steve Riddick (USA)	Zürich
1976	10.06	Hasely Crawford (TRI)	Montreal
1977	9.98A	Silvio Leonard (CUB)	Guadalajara
1978	10.07(A)	Clancy Edwards (USA) Eddie Hart (USA) Steve Williams (USA)	Eugene Colorado Springs(A) Zürich
1979	10.01A	Pietro Mennea (ITA)	Ciudad de Mexico
1980	10.02	James Sanford (USA)	Westwood
1981	10.00	Carl Lewis (USA)	Dallas
1982	10.00	Carl Lewis (USA)	Modesto
1983	9.93A	Calvin Smith (USA)	Colorado Springs
1984	9.96	Mel Lattany (USA)	Athens
1985	9.98	Carl Lewis (USA)	Modesto
1986	10.00	Chidi Imoh (NGR)	Berlin
1987	9.93	Carl Lewis (USA)	Rome
1988	9.92	Carl Lewis (USA)	Seoul
1989	9.94	Leroy Burrell (USA)	Houston
1990	9.96	Leroy Burrell (USA)	Villeneuve d'Ascq; Sestriere(A)
1991	9.86	Carl Lewis (USA)	Tokyo
1992	9.93	Michael Marsh (USA)	Walnut
1993	9.87	Linford Christie (GBR)	Stuttgart
1994	9.85	Leroy Burrell (USA)	Lausanne
1995	9.91	Donovan Bailey (CAN)	Montreal
1996	9.84	Donovan Bailey (CAN)	Atlanta
1997	9.86	Maurice Greene (USA)	Athens
1998	9.86	Ato Boldon (TRI)	Walnut; Athens
1999	9.79	Maurice Greene (USA)	Athens
2000	9.86	Maurice Greene (USA)	Berlin
2001	9.82	Maurice Greene (USA)	Edmonton
2002	9.89	Maurice Greene (USA)	Roma
2003	9.93	Patrick Johnson (AUS)	Mito
2004	9.85	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Athens
2005	9.77	Asafa Powell (JAM)	Athens
2006	9.77	Asafa Powell (JAM)	Gateshead; Zürich
2007	9.74	Asafa Powell (JAM)	Rieti
2008	9.69	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Beijing
2009	9.58	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Berlin
2010	9.78	Tyson Gay (USA) Nesta Carter (JAM)	London Rieti
2011	9.76	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Brussels
2012	9.63	Usain Bolt (JAM)	London
2013	9.77	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Moscow
2014	9.77	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Brussels
2015	9.74	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Doha

Women

Year	Time	Athlete	Place
1972	11.07	Renate Stecher (GDR)	Munich
1973	11.07	Renate Stecher (GDR)	Dresden
1974	11.13	Irena Szewinska (POL)	Rome
1975	11.13	Renate Stecher (GDR)	Dresden
1976	11.01	Annegret Richter (FRG)	Montreal
1977	10.88	Marlies Göhr (GDR)	Dresden
1978	10.94	Marlies Göhr (GDR)	Dresden
1979	10.97	Marlies Göhr (GDR) Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Dresden Walnut
1980	10.93	Marlies Göhr (GDR)	Dresden
1981	10.90A	Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Colorado Springs
1982	10.88	Marlies Göhr (GDR)	Karl-Marx-Stadt
1983	10.79A	Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Colorado Springs
1984	10.76	Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Zürich
1985	10.86	Marlies Göhr (GDR)	Berlin
1986	10.88	Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Rieti
1987	10.86	Anelia Nuneva (BUL) Silke Möller (GER)	Beograd Potsdam
1988	10.49	Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA)	Indianapolis
1989	10.78A	Dawn Sowell (USA)	Provo
1990	10.78	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Sevilla
1991	10.79	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Vigo
1992	10.80	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Salamanca
1993	10.82	Gail Devers (USA) Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Lausanne;Stuttgart Stuttgart
1994	10.77	Irina Privalova (RUS)	Lausanne
1995	10.84	Gwen Torrence (USA)	Gothenburg
1996	10.74	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Milano
1997	10.76	Marion Jones (USA)	Brussels
1998	10.65A	Marion Jones (USA)	Johannesburg
1999	10.70	Marion Jones (USA)	Sevilla
2000	10.78	Marion Jones (USA)	Sevilla
2001	10.82	Zhanna Block (UKR)	Edmonton
2002	10.83	Zhanna Block (UKR)	Heusden-Zolder
2003	10.86	Chryste Gaines (USA)	Monaco
2004	10.77	Ivet Lalova (BUL)	Plovdiv
2005	10.84	Chandra Sturrup (BAH)	Lausanne
2006	10.82	Sherone Simpson (JAM)	Kingston
2007	10.89	Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)	Kingston
2008	10.78	Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM) Torri Edwards (USA)	Beijing Eugene
2009	10.64	Carmelita Jeter (USA)	Shanghai
2010	10.78	Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)	Eugene
2011	10.70	Carmelita Jeter (USA)	Eugene
2012	10.70	Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)	Kingston
2013	10.71	Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)	Moscow
2014	10.80	Tori Bowie (USA)	Monaco
2015	10.74	Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)	Saint-Denis

Junior (under-20) men

Updated 26 July 2015

Rank	Fastest time (s)	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Country	Date	Location
1	9.97	+1.8	Trayvon Bromell	United States	13 June 2014	Eugene
2	10.00	+1.6	Trentavis Friday	United States	5 July 2014	Eugene
3	10.01	+0.0	Darrel Brown	Trinidad and Tobago	24 August 2003	Saint-Denis
		+1.6	Jeff Demps	United States	28 June 2008	Eugene
		+0.9	Yoshihide Kiryu	Japan	29 April 2013	Hiroshima
6	10.03	+0.7	Marcus Rowland	United States	31 July 2009	Port of Spain
7	10.04	+1.7	D'Angelo Cherry	United States	10 June 2009	Fayetteville
		+0.2	Christophe Lemaitre	France	24 July 2009	Novi Sad
9	10.05	+0.1	Adam Gemili	Great Britain	11 July 2012	Barcelona
10	10.06	+2.0	Dwain Chambers	Great Britain	25 July 1997	Ljubljana
		+1.5	Walter Dix	United States	27 May 2005	New York City

Notes

• British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 5 August 2001 (aged 18 years, 334 days) but the wind gauge malfunctioned, invalidating the run.
• Nigerian sprinters Davidson Ezinwa and Sunday Emmanuel ran 10.05 (4 January 1990) and 10.06 (26 April 1997), respectively, but without wind gauge.
• Trayvon Bromell recorded a time of 9.77 s with a strong tailwind of +4.2 m/s on May 2014 during the Big 12 Outdoor Track Championships

Junior (under-20) women

Updated 25 July 2015

Rank	Fastest time (s)	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Nation	Date	Location	Ref
1	10.88	+2.0	Marlies Göhr	East Germany	1 July 1977	Dresden
2	10.89	+1.8	Katrin Krabbe	East Germany	20 July 1988	Berlin
3	10.98	+2.0	Candace Hill	United States	20 June 2015	Shoreline
4	10.99	+0.9	Ángela Tenorio	Ecuador	22 July 2015	Toronto
5	11.03	+1.7	Silke Gladisch-Möller	East Germany	8 June 1983	Berlin
		+0.6	English Gardner	United States	14 May 2011	Tucson
7	11.04	+1.4	Angela Williams	United States	5 June 1999	Boise
8	11.07	+0.7	Bianca Knight	United States	27 June 2008	Eugene
9	11.08	+2.0	Brenda Morehead	United States	21 June 1976	Eugene
10	11.10	+0.9	Kaylin Whitney	United States	5 July 2014	Eugene

Youth (under-18) boys

Updated 13 September 2015

Rank	Fastest time (s)	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Country	Date	Location	Ref
1	10.19	+0.5	Yoshihide Kiryu	Japan	3 November 2012	Fukuroi
2	10.20	+1.5	Tlotliso Leotlela	South Africa	7 September 2015	Apia
3	10.23	+0.8	Tamunosiki Atorudibo	Nigeria	23 March 2002	Enugu
		+1.2	Rynell Parson	United States	21 June 2007	Indianapolis
5	10.24	+0.0	Darrel Brown	Trinidad and Tobago	14 April 2001	Bridgetown
6	10.25	+1.5	J-Mee Samuels	United States	11 July 2004	Knoxville
		+1.6	Jeff Demps	United States	1 August 2007	Knoxville
8	10.26	+1.2	Deworski Odom	United States	21 July 1994	Lisboa
		−0.1	Sunday Emmanuel	Nigeria	18 March 1995	Bauchi
10	10.27	+0.2	Henry Thomas	United States	19 May 1984	Norwalk
		+1.6	Curtis Johnson	United States	30 June 1990	Fresno
		+1.0	Ivory Williams	United States	8 June 2002	Sacramento
		−0.2	Jazeel Murphy	Jamaica	23 April 2011	Montego Bay

Youth (under-18) girls

Updated 20 June 2015

Rank	Fastest time (s)	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Nation	Date	Location	Ref
1	10.98	+2.0	Candace Hill	United States	20 June 2015	Shoreline
2	11.10	+0.9	Kaylin Whitney	United States	5 July 2014	Eugene
3	11.13	+2.0	Chandra Cheeseborough	United States	21 June 1976	Eugene
4	11.14	+1.7	Marion Jones	United States	6 June 1992	Norwalk
		−0.5	Angela Williams	United States	21 June 1997	Edwardsville
6	11.16	+1.2	Gabrielle Mayo	United States	22 June 2006	Indianapolis
7	11.17 A	+0.6	Wendy Vereen	United States	3 July 1983	Colorado Springs
8	11.20 A	+1.2	Raelene Boyle	Australia	15 October 1968	Mexico City
9	11.24	+1.2	Jeneba Tarmoh	United States	22 June 2006	Indianapolis
		+0.8	Jodie Williams	Great Britain	31 May 2010	Bedford

Paralympic men

Jason Smyth (in lane five) breaking the men's T13 world record at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London.

Updated to 1 January 2015

Classification	Fastest time (s)	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Country	Date	Location
T11	10.92	+1.8	David Brown	United States	18 April 2014	Walnut
T12	10.66	−0.4	Elchin Muradov	Azerbaijan	19 June 2010	Imola
T13	10.46	+0.6	Jason Smyth	Ireland	1 September 2012	London
T32	23.25	+0.0	Martin McDonagh	Ireland	13 August 1999	Nottingham
T33	16.81	+0.8	Ahmad Almutairi	Kuwait	20 October 2014	Incheon
T34	15.33	+1.2	Walid Ktila	Tunisia	27 February 2014	Sharjah
T35	12.29	−0.3	Yang Sen	People's Republic of China	13 September 2008	Beijing
T36	11.90	-0.5	Evgenii Shvetcov	Russia	22 July 2013	Lyon
T37	11.48	-0.7	Andrey Vdovin	Russia	22 July 2013	Lyon
T38	10.79	+0.4	Evan O'Hanlon	Australia	1 September 2012	London
T42	12.11	+1.2	Heinrich Popow	Germany	12 July 2013	Leverkusen
T43	10.57	+1.9	Alan Fonteles Cardoso Oliveira	Brazil	28 July 2013	London
T44	10.75	+1.9	Richard Browne	United States	28 July 2013	London
T45	10.94	+0.2	Yohansson Nascimento	Brazil	6 September 2012	London
T47	10.72	+0.0	Ajibola Adeoye	Nigeria	6 September 1992	Barcelona
T51	21.11	+1.2	Toni Piispanen	Finland	17 May 2012	Pratteln
T52	16.73	+0.4	Paul Nitz	United States	20 May 2012	Nottwil
T53	14.17	+1.0	Brent Lakatos	Canada	17 May 2014	Nottwil
T54	13.63	+1.0	Leo-Pekka Tähti	Finland	1 September 2012	London

Paralympic women

Updated to 1 January 2015

Classification	Fastest time (s)	Wind (m/s)	Athlete	Country	Date	Location
T11	12.01	+1.2	Terezinha Guilhermina	Brazil	5 September 2012	London
T12	11.91	+0.6	Zhou Guohua	People's Republic of China	1 September 2012	London
T13	11.99	−0.9	Omara Durand	Cuba	17 November 2011	Guadalajara
T32	37.67	+0.0	Lindsay Wright	United Kingdom	25 July 1997	Nottingham
T33	21.59	−0.4	Kristen Messer	United States	31 August 2012	London
T34	17.31	+1.0	Hannah Cockroft	United Kingdom	17 May 2014	Nottwil
T35	14.63	+0.4	Maria Lyle	United Kingdom	31 May 2014	Bedford
T36	13.82	+0.3	Wang Fang	People's Republic of China	16 September 2008	Beijing
T37	13.68	+0.4	Mandy François-Elie	France	8 June 2013	Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire
T38	13.04	+0.3	Sophie Hahn	United Kingdom	18 May 2014	Loughborough
T42	15.18	−0.5	Martina Caironi	Italy	6 June 2013	Rome
T43	12.96	+0.8	Marlou van Rhijn	Netherlands	15 June 2013	Berlin
T44	12.98	+0.0	April Holmes	United States	1 July 2006	Atlanta
T45	14.00	+0.0	G Cole	Canada	2 June 1980	Arnhem
T46	11.95	−0.2	Yunidis Castillo	Cuba	4 September 2012	London
T51	32.08	+0.0	V Hill	United States	27 August 1989	Stoke Mandeville
T52	18.67	+1.7	Michelle Stilwell	Canada	14 July 2012	Windsor
T53	16.22	−0.2	Huang Lisha	People's Republic of China	12 September 2008	Beijing
T54	15.82	+0.5	Wenjun Liu	People's Republic of China	8 September 2012	London

Olympic medalists

Further information: 100 metres at the Olympics

Men

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1896 Athens	Thomas Burke (USA)	Fritz Hofmann (GER)	Francis Lane (USA)  Alajos Szokolyi (HUN)
1900 Paris	Frank Jarvis (USA)	Walter Tewksbury (USA)	Stan Rowley (AUS)
1904 St. Louis	Archie Hahn (USA)	Nate Cartmell (USA)	William Hogenson (USA)
1908 London	Reggie Walker (RSA)	James Rector (USA)	22x20px Robert Kerr (CAN)
1912 Stockholm	Ralph Craig (USA)	Alvah Meyer (USA)	Donald Lippincott (USA)
1920 Antwerp	Charlie Paddock (USA)	Morris Kirksey (USA)	Harry Edward (GBR)
1924 Paris	Harold Abrahams (GBR)	Jackson Scholz (USA)	Arthur Porritt (NZL)
1928 Amsterdam	22x20px Percy Williams (CAN)	Jack London (GBR)	Georg Lammers (GER)
1932 Los Angeles	Eddie Tolan (USA)	Ralph Metcalfe (USA)	Arthur Jonath (GER)
1936 Berlin	Jesse Owens (USA)	Ralph Metcalfe (USA)	Tinus Osendarp (NED)
1948 London	Harrison Dillard (USA)	Barney Ewell (USA)	Lloyd LaBeach (PAN)
1952 Helsinki	Lindy Remigino (USA)	Herb McKenley (JAM)	McDonald Bailey (GBR)
1956 Melbourne	Bobby Morrow (USA)	Thane Baker (USA)	Hector Hogan (AUS)
1960 Rome	Armin Hary (EUA)	Dave Sime (USA)	Peter Radford (GBR)
1964 Tokyo	Bob Hayes (USA)	Enrique Figuerola (CUB)	22x20px Harry Jerome (CAN)
1968 Mexico City	Jim Hines (USA)	Lennox Miller (JAM)	Charles Greene (USA)
1972 Munich	Valeriy Borzov (URS)	Robert Taylor (USA)	Lennox Miller (JAM)
1976 Montreal	Hasely Crawford (TRI)	Don Quarrie (JAM)	Valeriy Borzov (URS)
1980 Moscow	Allan Wells (GBR)	Silvio Leonard (CUB)	Petar Petrov (BUL)
1984 Los Angeles	Carl Lewis (USA)	Sam Graddy (USA)	Ben Johnson (CAN)
1988 Seoul	Carl Lewis (USA)	Linford Christie (GBR)	Calvin Smith (USA)
1992 Barcelona	Linford Christie (GBR)	Frankie Fredericks (NAM)	Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1996 Atlanta	Donovan Bailey (CAN)	Frankie Fredericks (NAM)	Ato Boldon (TRI)
2000 Sydney	Maurice Greene (USA)	Ato Boldon (TRI)	Obadele Thompson (BAR)
2004 Athens	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Francis Obikwelu (POR)	Maurice Greene (USA)
2008 Beijing	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Richard Thompson (TRI)	Walter Dix (USA)
2012 London	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Yohan Blake (JAM)	Justin Gatlin (USA)

Women

Games	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1928 Amsterdam	Betty Robinson (USA)	22x20px Fanny Rosenfeld (CAN)	22x20px Ethel Smith (CAN)
1932 Los Angeles	Stanisława Walasiewicz (POL)	22x20px Hilda Strike (CAN)	Wilhelmina von Bremen (USA)
1936 Berlin	Helen Stephens (USA)	Stanisława Walasiewicz (POL)	Käthe Krauß (GER)
1948 London	Fanny Blankers-Koen (NED)	Dorothy Manley (GBR)	Shirley Strickland (AUS)
1952 Helsinki	Marjorie Jackson (AUS)	22x20px Daphne Hasenjager (RSA)	Shirley Strickland de la Hunty (AUS)
1956 Melbourne	Betty Cuthbert (AUS)	Christa Stubnick (EUA)	Marlene Matthews (AUS)
1960 Rome	Wilma Rudolph (USA)	Dorothy Hyman (GBR)	Giuseppina Leone (ITA)
1964 Tokyo	Wyomia Tyus (USA)	Edith McGuire (USA)	Ewa Kłobukowska (POL)
1968 Mexico City	Wyomia Tyus (USA)	Barbara Ferrell (USA)	Irena Szewińska (POL)
1972 Munich	Renate Stecher (GDR)	Raelene Boyle (AUS)	Silvia Chibás (CUB)
1976 Montreal	Annegret Richter (FRG)	Renate Stecher (GDR)	Inge Helten (FRG)
1980 Moscow	Lyudmila Kondratyeva (URS)	Marlies Göhr (GDR)	Ingrid Auerswald (GDR)
1984 Los Angeles	Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Alice Brown (USA)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1988 Seoul	Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA)	Evelyn Ashford (USA)	Heike Drechsler (GDR)
1992 Barcelona	Gail Devers (USA)	Juliet Cuthbert (JAM)	Irina Privalova (EUN)
1996 Atlanta	Gail Devers (USA)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Gwen Torrence (USA)
2000 Sydney	Vacant	Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)
		Tayna Lawrence (JAM)
2004 Athens	Yulia Nestsiarenka (BLR)	Lauryn Williams (USA)	Veronica Campbell (JAM)
2008 Beijing	Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)	Sherone Simpson (JAM)	none awarded
		Kerron Stewart (JAM)
2012 London	Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)	Carmelita Jeter (USA)	Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)

World Championship medalists

Men

Championships	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1983 Helsinki	Carl Lewis (USA)	Calvin Smith (USA)	Emmit King (USA)
1987 Rome	Carl Lewis (USA)	Raymond Stewart (JAM)	Linford Christie (GBR)
1991 Tokyo	Carl Lewis (USA)	Leroy Burrell (USA)	Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1993 Stuttgart	Linford Christie (GBR)	Andre Cason (USA)	Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1995 Gothenburg	Donovan Bailey (CAN)	Bruny Surin (CAN)	Ato Boldon (TRI)
1997 Athens	Maurice Greene (USA)	Donovan Bailey (CAN)	Tim Montgomery (USA)
1999 Seville	Maurice Greene (USA)	Bruny Surin (CAN)	Dwain Chambers (GBR)
2001 Edmonton	Maurice Greene (USA)	Bernard Williams (USA)	Ato Boldon (TRI)
2003 Paris	Kim Collins (SKN)	Darrel Brown (TRI)	Darren Campbell (GBR)
2005 Helsinki	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Michael Frater (JAM)	Kim Collins (SKN)
2007 Osaka	Tyson Gay (USA)	Derrick Atkins (BAH)	Asafa Powell (JAM)
2009 Berlin	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Tyson Gay (USA)	Asafa Powell (JAM)
2011 Daegu	Yohan Blake (JAM)	Walter Dix (USA)	Kim Collins (SKN)
2013 Moscow	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Nesta Carter (JAM)
2015 Beijing	Usain Bolt (JAM)	Justin Gatlin (USA)	Trayvon Bromell (USA) Andre De Grasse (CAN)

Women

Championships	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1983 Helsinki	Marlies Oelsner-Göhr (GDR)	Marita Koch (GDR)	Diane Williams (USA)
1987 Rome	Silke Gladisch-Möller (GDR)	Heike Daute-Drechsler (GDR)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1991 Tokyo	Katrin Krabbe (GER)	Gwen Torrence (USA)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1993 Stuttgart	Gail Devers (USA)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Gwen Torrence (USA)
1995 Gothenburg	Gwen Torrence (USA)	Merlene Ottey (JAM)	Irina Privalova (RUS)
1997 Athens	Marion Jones (USA)	Zhanna Pintusevich (UKR)	Savatheda Fynes (BAH)
1999 Seville	Marion Jones (USA)	Inger Miller (USA)	Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)
2001 Edmonton	Zhanna Pintusevich-Block (UKR)	Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)	Chandra Sturrup (BAH)
2003 Paris	Torri Edwards (USA)	Chandra Sturrup (BAH)	Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)
2005 Helsinki	Lauryn Williams (USA)	Veronica Campbell (JAM)	Christine Arron (FRA)
2007 Osaka	Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)	Lauryn Williams (USA)	Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2009 Berlin	Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)	Kerron Stewart (JAM)	Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2011 Daegu	Carmelita Jeter (USA)	Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)	Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI)
2013 Moscow	Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)	Murielle Ahouré (CIV)	Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2015 Beijing	Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)	Dafne Schippers (NED)	Tori Bowie (USA)

See also

• 100-yard dash
• National champions 100 metres (men)
• National champions 100 metres (women)
• World record progression 100 metres men
• World record progression 100 metres women

External links

• All-time men's 100 m list
• All-time women's 100 m list
• Olympics 100 m – Men
• Olympics 100 m – Women