1890 New Zealand general election

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1890 general election
← 1887 27 November (Māori) & 5 December (general) 1890 1893 →
All 74 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives
38 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout 80.4%
  First party Second party
  John Ballance.jpg 140px
Leader John Ballance Harry Atkinson
Party Liberal Independent
Leader since 1889 1887
Leader's seat Wanganui Egmont
Seats won 40 25
Popular vote 76,548 39,338
Percentage 56.1% 28.9%
Premier before election

Harry Atkinson
Conservatives

 Elected Premier

John Ballance
Liberal

The New Zealand general election of 1890 was one of New Zealand's most significant.[1] It marked the beginning of party politics in New Zealand with the formation of the Liberal Government, which was to enact major welfare, labour and electoral reforms, including giving the vote to women.

It was also the first election in which there was no legal plural voting. Multi-member electorates were re-introduced in the four main centres and the 'country quota' (which gave more weight to rural votes) was increased to 28%.

In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres.[2] This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, with 12 new electorates created. Of those, four electorates were created for the first time: Te Aroha, Halswell, Dunedin Suburbs, and Palmerston. The remaining eight electorates had previously existed and were re-created through the 1890 electoral redistribution: City of Auckland, City of Christchurch, City of Dunedin, City of Wellington, Ellesmere, Franklin, Geraldine, and Westland. 74 MPs were elected to the 11th session of the New Zealand Parliament.[3] The Māori electorates voted on 27 November and the European (now known as General) electorates on 5 December. There were 183,171 voters registered in the sixty-two European electorates, which returned a total of 70 members.[4] This figure includes 13,668 voters in the six electorates where there was an unopposed return. 136,337 valid votes were cast in European electorates, including additional votes cast in the four three-member electorates.

Mackie and Rose suggest there was a 74.4% turnout, based on valid votes cast as a percentage of the registered electors. The official turnout figure is 80.4%, calculated on a different basis (see the Elections New Zealand official results web-site link below for further details of the changing methods used to calculate the official turnout).

The Māori vote, for the remaining four seats, was held on 27 November. Maori electorates did not have electoral rolls so their voting figures and percentages are not included above.

Following the election and the resignation of the previous government headed by Harry Atkinson, John Ballance formed the first Liberal Party ministry, taking office on 24 January 1891. At this stage no formal party organisation existed, but the formation of the Liberal ministry signalled the end of the system by which governments were made up of a loose and unstable coalition of independent MPs and the beginning of the 'party system'.

Results

Party totals

Note that as the election was held before the establishment of formal political parties, the figures should only be regarded as an approximate indication of the division of political opinion.

Party Total votes Percentage Seats won
Liberal 76,548 56.1% 40
Opposition 39,338 28.9% 25
Independent 20,451 15.0% 9

Electorate results

The following table shows the results of the 1890 general election. Six European members were returned unopposed.[3]

Electorate
incumbent		 Elected member
defeated candidates		 MP's term
Bay of Islands
Held by R Hobbs		 Robert Houston First
2nd: James Trounsen
3rd: John Lundon
4th: Joseph Dargaville
Marsden
Held by R Thompson		 Robert Thompson Second
2nd: Albert Elliott[5]
Waitemata
Held by R Monk		 Jackson Palmer First
2nd: Richard Monk
Eden
Held by E Mitchelson		 Edwin Mitchelson Fourth
2nd: Joseph Greenwood[6]
Newton
Held by E Withy		 David Goldie Third
Unopposed
City of Auckland
New electorate		 John Shera First
Thomas Thompson Third
William Lee Rees Second
4th: Adam Porter[7]
5th: William Joseph Napier
6th: James Wallis
7th: Harry Farnall[8]
Parnell
Held by F Moss		 Frank Lawry Second
2nd: J M Lennox[9]
Manukau
Held by GM O'Rorke		 Frank Buckland Second
2nd:Maurice O'Rorke
3rd: Alex Grant[10]
Franklin
New electorate		 Ebenezer Hamlin Sixth
2nd: Benjamin Harris
Thames
Held by W Fraser		 Alfred Cadman Fourth
2nd: Edmund Taylor
Waikato
Held by JB Whyte		 John Bryce Eight
Unopposed
Te Aroha
New electorate		 William Shepherd Allen First
2nd: W Fraser
East Coast
Held by AC Arthur		 William Kelly Third
2nd: AC Arthur
New Plymouth
Held by O Samuel		 Edward Metcalf Smith First
2nd: John Elliot
3rd: Robert Hughes
Egmont
Held by H Atkinson		 Harry Atkinson Ninth
2nd: Felix McGuire
Wanganui
Held by J Ballance		 John Ballance Sixth
2nd: Gilbert Carson
Waitotara
Held by G Hutchinson		 George Hutchinson Second
2nd: Robert Bruce
Napier
Held by JD Ormond		 George Henry Swan First
2nd: Michael Gannon
Hawke's Bay
Held by W Russell		 William Russell Fifth
2nd: Charles William Reardon[11]
Waipawa
Held by T Tanner		 William Cowper Smith Fourth
2nd: George Hunter
Rangitikei
Held by RC Bruce		 Douglas Hastings Macarthur Third
2nd: Francis Arkwright
Palmerston
New electorate		 James Wilson Fourth
2nd: Frederick Pirani
3rd: John Stevens
Masterton
Held by George Beetham		 Alexander Hogg First
2nd: George Beetham
Wairarapa
Held by W Buchanan		 Walter Buchanan Fourth
2nd: Henry Bunny
Hutt
Held by HS Fitzherbert		 Alfred Newman Fourth
2nd: George Thomas London[12]
Charles Hayward Izard
City of Wellington
New electorate		 George Fisher Third
John Duthie First
Kennedy Macdonald First
4th: Francis Bell
5th: Edwin George Jellicoe[13]
6th: Francis Humphris Fraser
7th: William McLean[14][15]
8th: Robert Winter[16]
Nelson
Held by Joseph Harkness		 Joseph Harkness Second
2nd: John Kerr
3rd: Francis William Flowerday
Waimea-Picton
Held by A Seymour		 Charles H. Mills First
2nd: Richmond Hursthouse
3rd: William Henry Phillips
Buller
Held by EJ O'Conor		 Eugene O'Conor Fourth
Unopposed
Wairau
Held by H Dodson		 Lindsay Buick First
2nd: Arthur Seymour
3rd: Sutherland John Macalister[17]
Inangahua
Held by R Reeves		 Richard Reeves Fourth
2nd: John Drake[18]
Grey
Held by AR Guinness		 Arthur Guinness Third
2nd: William Hugh Jones[19]
Westland
New electorate		 Richard Seddon Fifth
2nd: Joseph Grimmond
Ashley
Held by J Verrall		 Richard Meredith First
2nd: James Dupré Lance
3rd: John George Knight[20]
Kaiapoi
Held by E Richardson		 Richard Moore First
2nd: William Hoban[20]
Avon
Held by E Blake		 Edwin Blake Third
2nd: George Stead
City of Christchurch
New electorate		 William Pember Reeves Second
Westby Perceval Second
Richard Molesworth Taylor Third
4th: John Tippett Smith
5th: Edward Wingfield Humphreys
6th: Eden George
Heathcote
Held by F Jones		 William Tanner First
2nd: Heaton Rhodes
Halswell
New electorate		 William Rolleston Seventh
2nd: Francis Samuel Parker
Akaroa
Held by A McGregor		 John Joyce Second
2nd: Alexander McGregor
3rd: William Barnett
Selwyn
Held by J Hall		 Alfred Saunders Fifth
2nd: Thomas Hamilton Anson
3rd: William Jerrington Popple
Ellesmere
New electorate		 John Hall Seventh
2nd: John McLachlan
Ashburton
Held by W Walker		 Edward George Wright Third
2nd: Rev. James Wright Sawle[21]
3rd: William Campbell Walker
4th: James Brown[22]
Geraldine
New electorate		 Arthur Rhodes Second
2nd: Searby Buxton
Timaru
Held by W Hall-Jones		 William Hall-Jones Second
2nd: Edward George Kerr[23]
3rd: Jeremiah Twomey
4th: Samuel Frederick Smithson
5th: Philip E Thoreau
Waimate
Held by WJ Steward		 William Steward Fifth
2nd: Alpheus Hayes
Waitaki
Held by TY Duncan		 John McKenzie Fourth
2nd: J C Buckland
3rd: George Bruce
Oamaru
Held by TW Hislop		 Thomas Young Duncan Fourth
2nd: Thomas William Hislop
Mount Ida
Held by S Mackenzie		 Scobie Mackenzie Third
2nd: Vincent Pyke
Chalmers
Held by J Mills		 James Mills Third
2nd: John A. Millar
Peninsula
Held by W Larnach		 William Earnshaw First
2nd: William Larnach
City of Dunedin
New electorate		 David Pinkerton First
Henry Fish Third
William Hutchison Third
4th: James Allen[24]
5th: Richard Henry Leary[24]
6th: Alfred Lee Smith[24]
Dunedin Suburbs
New electorate		 William Dawson First
2nd: Archibald Hilson Ross
3rd: Francis Wilkinson[24]
Taieri
Held by J Fulton		 Walter Carncross First
2nd: William Snow
3rd: William Barron
4th: Arthur John Burns
Bruce
Held by C Anderson		 James William Thomson Sixth
2nd: James Smith[25]
Tuapeka
Held by J Brown		 Hugh Valentine Second
2nd: James Clark Brown
Clutha
Held by T Mackenzie		 Thomas Mackenzie Second
Unopposed
Mataura
Held by GF Richardson		 George Richardson Third
2nd: John Gideon Fraser[26]
Wakatipu
Held by T Fergus		 Thomas Fergus Fourth
Unopposed
Wallace
Held by S Hodgkinson		 James Mackintosh First
2nd: Samuel Hodgkinson
3rd: Henry Hirst
Invercargill
Held by Henry Feldwick		 James Whyte Kelly First
2nd: James Walker Bain
3rd: H Feldwick
Awarua
Held by J Ward		 Joseph Ward Second
Unopposed
Northern Maori[27]
Held by S Taiwhanga		 Sydney Taiwhanga[nb 1] Second
2nd: Tinoti Pupipupi
3rd: Wi Katene
4th: Wiremu Mikihana
Eastern Maori[28]
Held by J Carroll		 James Carroll Second
2nd: Wi Pere
3rd: Sydney Taiwhanga[nb 2]
4th: Timiwata Rinni
5th: Strum
Western Maori[29][30]
Held by H Taipua		 Hoani Taipua Third
2nd: Pepene Eketone
3rd: Kipa Te Whatanui[nb 3]
4th: Te Kahui Kararahe
5th: Tatana Te Whataupoko
Southern Maori[31]
Held by T Parata		 Tame Parata Third
2nd: Honi Maaka Hape
3rd: Riki Te Mairaki Taiaroa
4th: Thomas Ellison[nb 4]

Table footnotes:

  1. ↑ Sydney Taiwhanga won the election and, despite having died on election day, was declared elected
  2. ↑ Sydney Taiwhanga stood in both Eastern Maori and Northern Maori electorates
  3. ↑ Rankings from the third place down are based on preliminary results only
  4. ↑ Thomas Ellison was nominated under his Maori name Rangiwahia Erihana, mis-spelled in the source as Raniera Erihani

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Atkinson, Neill (2003), Adventures in Democracy: A History of the Vote in New Zealand, p.81
  2. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "General_Election.2C_1890" defined multiple times with different content
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  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

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External links

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