1969 West German federal election

1969 West German federal election

28 September 1969 (1969-09-28)
All 496 seats in the Bundestag 249 seats needed for a majority
Registered	38,677,235 0.4%
Turnout	33,523,064 (86.7%) 0.1pp
First party Second party Third party   x160px x160px x160px Candidate Kurt Georg Kiesinger Willy Brandt Walter Scheel Party CDU/CSU SPD FDP Last election 47.6%, 245 seats 39.3%, 202 seats 9.5%, 49 seats Seats won 242 224 30 Seat change 3 22 19 Popular vote 15,195,187 14,065,716 1,903,422 Percentage 46.1% 42.7% 5.8% Swing 1.5pp 3.4pp 3.7pp
350px Results by constituency for the first votes. Grey denotes seats won by the CDU/CSU; red denotes seats won by the SPD.
Government before election Kiesinger cabinet CDU/CSU–SPD Government after election First Brandt cabinet SPD–FDP

Federal elections were held in West Germany on 28 September 1969 to elect the members of the 6th Bundestag. The CDU/CSU remained the largest faction and the Social Democratic Party remained the largest single party in the Bundestag, winning 237 of the 518 seats. After the election, the SPD formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party and SPD leader Willy Brandt became Chancellor.

Campaign

Upon the resignation of Chancellor Ludwig Erhard on 1 December 1966, a grand coalition of Christian Democrats and Social Democrats had governed West Germany under Federal Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger (CDU) with SPD chairman Willy Brandt as vice-chancellor and foreign minister.

Economics Minister Karl Schiller (SPD) had proposed revaluing (increasing the external value of) the Deutsche Mark, West Germany's currency, to reduce the country's inflation rate and the rate of growth of the country's businesses' income. He also wanted to reduce West Germany's economic dependence on the exports. However, his counterpart Finance Minister Franz-Josef Strauss (CSU) rejected the Deutsche Mark's revaluation, because his strong constituents, the Bavarian farmers, also opposed it. After all, the European Economic Community's foodstuffs prices were paid in US dollars, and the Deutsche Mark's revaluation would have made them less favourable for the West German farmers (i.e. more expensive for other Western Europeans to buy).

The coalition effectively ended already before the regular 1969 Bundestag elections, because of this revaluation conflict. In addition, enough West German voters were at last willing to give the Social Democratic leader, Foreign Minister Willy Brandt, a chance to govern West Germany. Brandt, who ran for the third time after 1961 and 1965, had shown sympathy towards those groups, like left-wing intellectuals and activists of German student movement, who had felt ignored by the Christian Democrat-led coalition governments. In addition, his clear intellect, remarkable self-control and straight essence (being) appealed to ordinary West Germans.

Results

300px
Party		Constituency			Party list			Total seats	+/–
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	Social Democratic Party (SPD)	14,402,374	44.0	127	14,065,716	42.7	97	224	+22
	Christian Democratic Union (CDU)	12,137,148	37.1	87	12,079,535	36.6	106	193	−3
	Christian Social Union (CSU)	3,094,176	9.5	34	3,115,652	9.5	15	49	0
	Free Democratic Party (FDP)	1,554,651	4.8	0	1,903,422	5.8	30	30	−19
	National Democratic Party (NPD)	1,189,375	3.6	0	1,422,010	4.3	0	0	0
	Campaign for Democratic Progress (ADF)	209,180	0.6	0	197,331	0.6	0	0	New
	Bavaria Party (BP)	54,940	0.2	0	49,694	0.2	0	0	0
	European Federalist Party (EFP)	20,927	0.1	0	49,650	0.2	0	0	0
	All-German Party (GDP)	–	–	–	45,401	0.1	0	0	0
	Free Social Union (FSU)	10,192	0.0	0	16,371	0.0	0	0	0
	Centre Party (ZENTRUM)	–	–	–	15,933	0.0	0	0	0
	Independent Workers' Party (UAP)	1,531	0.0	0	5,309	0.0	0	0	0
	German People's Party (DV)	461	0.0	0	–	–	–	0	New
	Independents and voter groups	38,561	0.1	0	–	–	–	0	0
Valid votes		32,713,516	97.6	–	32,966,024	98.3	–	–	–
Invalid/blank votes		809,548	2.4	–	557,040	1.7	–	–	–
Total votes		33,523,064	100.0	248	33,523,064	100.0	248	496	0
Registered voters/turnout		38,677,235	86.7	–	38,677,235	86.7	–	–	–
Source: Bundeswahlleiter

^a – excludes the non-voting delegates for West Berlin (13 SPD, 8 CDU, 1 FDP).

↓

224	30	242
SPD	FDP	CDU/CSU

Popular vote
CDU/CSU			46.09%
SPD			42.67%
FDP			5.77%
NPD			4.31%
Other			1.15%

Bundestag seats
CDU/CSU			48.79%
SPD			45.16%
FDP			6.05%

Results by state

Constituency seats

State	Total seats	Seats won
		SPD	CDU	CSU
Baden-Württemberg	36	9	27
Bavaria	44	10		34
Bremen	3	3
Hamburg	8	8
Hesse	22	20	2
Lower Saxony	30	18	12
North Rhine-Westphalia	73	47	26
Rhineland-Palatinate	16	6	10
Saarland	5	2	3
Schleswig-Holstein	11	4	7
Total	248	127	87	34

List seats

State	Total seats	Seats won
		CDU	SPD	FDP	CSU
Baden-Württemberg	34	10	18	6
Bavaria	40		21	4	15
Bremen	2	2
Hamburg	9	6	2	1
Hesse	24	17	4	3
Lower Saxony	33	18	11	4
North Rhine-Westphalia	78	43	26	9
Rhineland-Palatinate	15	6	7	2
Saarland	3	1	2
Schleswig-Holstein	10	3	6	1
Total	248	106	97	30	15

Aftermath

File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F030053-0030, Bonn, Bundestagswahl, Presseerklärung Brandt.jpg

Brandt speaks to the press on election night, 28 September

Willy Brandt, against the will of several party fellows like Herbert Wehner or Helmut Schmidt, chose to leave the grand coalition with the CDU/CSU, forming a social-liberal coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP) instead. On 21 October 1969 he was elected Chancellor of Germany, the first SPD chancellor in the postwar period, after the last Social Democrat holding this position had been Hermann Müller from 1928 to 1930. FDP chairman Walter Scheel succeeded Brandt as vice-chancellor and foreign minister. Brandt's government proceeded with the revaluation Schiller had proposed, raising the value of the mark by 9.3% in late October.

Disappointed Kiesinger bitterly complained about the faithless liberals. Though he had again achieved the plurality of votes for the CDU, he had to lead his party into opposition. He was succeeded as chairman by Rainer Barzel in 1971.

However the Cabinet Brandt I could only rely on an absolute majority (Kanzlermehrheit) of twelve votes in the Bundestag. Several party switches in protest against Brandt's Ostpolitik of FDP and SPD members resulted in the snap election of 1972.