312
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 3rd century – 4th century – 5th century |
| Decades: | 280s 290s 300s – 310s – 320s 330s 340s |
| Years: | 309 310 311 – 312 – 313 314 315 |
| 312 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishment and disestablishment categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 312 CCCXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1065 |
| Assyrian calendar | 5062 |
| Bengali calendar | −281 |
| Berber calendar | 1262 |
| Buddhist calendar | 856 |
| Burmese calendar | −326 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5820–5821 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 3008 or 2948 — to — 壬申年 (Water Monkey) 3009 or 2949 |
| Coptic calendar | 28–29 |
| Discordian calendar | 1478 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 304–305 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4072–4073 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 368–369 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 234–235 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3413–3414 |
| Holocene calendar | 10312 |
| Iranian calendar | 310 BP – 309 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 320 BH – 319 BH |
| Julian calendar | 312 CCCXII |
| Korean calendar | 2645 |
| Minguo calendar | 1600 before ROC 民前1600年 |
| Seleucid era | 623/624 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 854–855 |
Year 312 (CCCXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Licinianus (or, less frequently, year 1065 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 312 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Roman Empire
- Constantine the Great crosses the Cottian Alps with an army (40,000 men) and auxiliaries. He defeats Maxentius in three battles at Turin, Brescia and Verona. Maxentius's most senior commander Ruricius Pompeianus is killed during the fightings.
- October 28 – Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine I defeats usurper Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge and becomes the only Roman Emperor in the West. During the battle, he reportedly has a vision of a cross (labarum) with the phrase "in hoc signo vinces" ("In this sign you shall conquer").
- October 29 – Constantine I enters Rome, he stages a grand adventus in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out of the Tiber and decapitated.
- Constantine I forged co-emperor Licinius to an alliance, and offers him his halfsister Constantia in marriage. The Praetorian Guard and Imperial Horse Guard (equites singulares Augusti) are disbanded.
- Construction begins on the Arch of Constantine in Rome.
- c. 312–315 – Constantine I Addresses the People in the Roman Forum, sculptural relief on the Arch of Constantine, Rome, is made.
By topic
Religion
- Constantine I adopts the words "in hoc signo vinces" as a motto and have the letters X and P (the first letters of the Greek word Christ) emblazoned on the shields of his soldiers.
- The Council of Carthage supports Donatism, which espouses a rigorous application and interpretation of the sacraments. These doctrines will be condemned by the Council of Arles.
- Constantine I promotes a policy of state sponsorship of Christianity, perhaps even becoming a Christian himself (see Constantine I and Christianity).
Births
- Dao An, Buddhist monk of the Jin Dynasty (d. 385)
- Huan Wen, general of the Jin Dynasty (d. 373)
Deaths
- Guo Xiang, Chinese scholar of Xuanxue
- Huyan, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
- October 28 – Maxentius, Roman Emperor
