British Rail Class 305

British Rail Class 305
A Class 305 train at platform 8 of Stratford station.
In service	1959 - 2001
Manufacturer	BR York (52 x 305/1)/ Doncaster (19 x 305/2)
Family name	1959 EMU
Number built	71 trainsets
Formation	3/4 cars per trainset
Capacity	272 seats (305/1), 344 2nd + 19 1st (305/2)
Operator(s)	British Rail ScotRail
Specifications
Car body construction	Welded steel and spayed asbestos
Train length	199 ft 6 in (60.81 m) (305/1) (305/2)
Car length
Width	9 ft (2.74 m)
Maximum speed	75 mph (121 km/h)
Weight	119 t (117 long tons; 131 short tons) (305/1), 154 t (152 long tons; 170 short tons) (305/2)
Traction system	Four GEC traction motors of 200 hp (149 kW) each
Auxiliaries	240v from the tertiary winding of the main transformer for heating and for a Westinghouse charger feeding 110v dc for lighting and battery charging
Power supply	Mercury-arc rectifiers (later replaced with silicon diode)
Electric system(s)	25 kV AC Overhead (and 6.25 kV until 1983)
Bogies	Compound bolster
Braking system(s)	Westinghouse EP air
Coupling system	Drophead
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The British Rail Class 305 was an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU). Under the pre-1973 British Rail numbering system, the class was known as AM5. When TOPS was introduced, the class became Class 305.

Sub classes

Class 305 had three sub classes:

• 305/1 3-car units, standard class accommodation only, built in 1960
• 305/2 4-car units, first and standard class accommodation, built in 1959
• 305/9 3-car unit, non-passenger departmental conversion, converted 1984

Operations

305/1 units were generally deployed on inner suburban services on the Lea Valley Line out of London Liverpool Street to Chingford, Enfield Town and Hertford East. They mainly worked the Chingford and Enfield branches, where their average scheduled speed was 22 mph (35 km/h). However, they were also used on the Great Eastern lines out of London Liverpool Street and occasionally worked out of their ‘normal’ operating area when coupled to a 305/2 unit or any of the compatible EMUs in use at the time. These units were distinguished by their lower backed seating. 305/1 units were replaced from 1980 onwards by British Rail Class 315 units. They were not generally used elsewhere, but a small number of units are believed to have operated around Manchester for a brief period in the mid 1990s. All examples of the sub class were scrapped.

305/2 units were generally deployed on outer suburban services on the Lea Valley Line out of London Liverpool Street to Bishops Stortford (the extent of electrification until 1987), where their average scheduled speed was 34 mph (55 km/h). Like the 305/1 units, they could occasionally be seen on other services out of Liverpool Street and were sometimes coupled to other compatible EMUs for multiple working.

Class 305 unit 305501 working with ScotRail at Edinburgh Waverley in September 2001

One unit was converted in 1984 for use as a mobile classroom in connection with the East Coast Main Line electrification project, becoming unit 305935, painted in InterCity livery. One of the driving vehicles contained blue asbestos and was subsequently replaced with a driving vehicle from a withdrawn Class 302 set, forming a hybrid set but retaining the same unit number.

The 305/2s were refurbished in the mid-late 1980s. As with the 308s, this involved moving first class to a driving trailer, new interior panels, new seats and fluorescent lights.

The 305/2s were initially replaced on the Lea Valley Line by British Rail Class 310 units during the late 1980s/early 1990s. Most of the 305/2s were overhauled at Doncaster, painted in Regional Railways livery and shortened to 3-car sets, before moving to the Manchester area, taking over services previously diagrammed by Class 304 units.

A handful were further repainted into Greater Manchester PTE livery, some regaining their TSO trailer and receiving additional luggage racks dedicated to the new Manchester Airport services. Once class 323 units were in service, the 305s were gradually withdrawn, but a few retained on Hadfield services until track alignment was performed in 1997, allowing the longer bodied Class 323's to negotiate the sharp curves at Dinting station. The surviving units also occasionally turned up on other local services around Manchester, with the last 305 to work out of Stoke-on-Trent believed to be 305506 on 22 May 2000 on the 20:57 to Manchester.

The remainder moved to Glasgow Shields depot retaining their 4-car configuration, finishing their working lives running the route from Edinburgh to North Berwick.

Preservation attempts

AC EMU Group aimed to save a Class 305 driving trailer, but by the time funding was found, they had all been scrapped, so a Class 308 driving trailer was saved instead.

External links

• ACEMU Group Website