British Standard Pipe

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The British Standard Pipe (BSP) is a family of standard screw thread types that has been adopted internationally for interconnecting and sealing pipe ends by mating an external (male) with an internal (female) thread and has been adopted as a standard scale used in plumbing fittings, except in the United States where NPT is the standard used.

Types

Two types of threads are distinguished:

  • Parallel (straight) threads, British Standard Pipe Parallel thread (BSPP; originally also known as[1] British Standard Pipe Fitting thread/BSPF and British Standard Pipe Mechanical thread/BSPM), which have a constant diameter; denoted by the letter G.
  • Taper threads, British Standard Pipe Taper thread (BSPT), whose diameter increases or decreases along the length of the thread; denoted by the letter R.
BSPT Pipe Threads.[2]

These can be combined into two types of joints:

Jointing threads
These are pipe threads where pressure-tightness is made through the mating of two threads together. They always use a taper male thread, but can have either parallel or taper female threads. (International standards require all female threads to be parallel.)
Longscrew threads
These are parallel pipe threads used where a pressure-tight joint is achieved by the compression of a soft material (such as an o-ring seal or a washer) between the end face of the male thread and a socket or nipple face, with the tightening of a backnut.

Thread form

The thread form follows the British Standard Whitworth standard:

  • Symmetrical V-thread in which the angle between the flanks is 55° (measured in an axial plane)
  • One-sixth of this sharp V is truncated at the top and the bottom
  • The threads are rounded equally at crests and roots by circular arcs ending tangentially with the flanks where r=0.1373P
  • The theoretical depth of the thread is therefore 0.6403 times the nominal pitch

Pipe thread sizes

A list of 16 thread sizes are defined by the standards, ranging from ​1⁄16 to 6. The size number was originally based on the inner diameter (measured in inches) of a steel tube for which the thread was intended, but contemporary pipes tend to use thinner walls to save material, and thus have an inner diameter larger than this nominal size. In the modern standard metric version, it is simply a size number, where listed diameter size is the major outer diameter of the external thread. For a taper thread, it is the diameter at the "gauge length" from the small end of the thread. The taper is 1 to 16, meaning that for each 16 units of measurement increase in the distance from the end, the diameter increases by 1 unit of measurement.

Nominal
size		 Dash
size		 Threads
Per Inch		 Thread
pitch		 Major
diameter		 Minor
diameter[3][4]		 Gauge
length		 Typ. nut
size		 Corresponding pipe Tapping drill size
DN OD Thickness BSP.PL, Rp BSP.F, G
(in) (in) (in−1) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (in) (mm) (mm) (mm)
​1⁄16 −1 28 0.907 0.0357 7.723 0.304 6.561 0.2583 4±0.9 6.60 6.80
​1⁄8 −2 28 0.907 0.0357 9.728 0.383 8.565 0.3372 4±0.9 15 6 10.2 0.40 2 8.60 8.80
​1⁄4 −4 19 1.337 0.0526 13.157 0.518 11.445 0.4506 6±1.3 19 8 13.5 0.53 2.3 11.50 11.80
​3⁄8 −6 19 1.337 0.0526 16.662 0.656 14.950 0.5886 6.4±1.3 22 or 23 10 17.2 0.68 2.3 15.00 15.25
​1⁄2 −8 14 1.814 0.0714 20.955 0.825 18.633 0.7336 8.2±1.8 27 15 21.3 0.84 2.6 18.75 19.00
​5⁄8 −10 14 1.814 0.0714 22.911 0.902 20.589 0.8106 16 2.6 - 21.00
​3⁄4 −12 14 1.814 0.0714 26.441 1.041 24.120 0.9496 9.5±1.8 32 20 26.9 1.06 2.6 24.25 24.50
1 −16 11 2.309 0.0909 33.249 1.309 30.292 1.1926 10.4±2.3 43 25 33.7 1.33 3.2 30.40 30.75
​1 1⁄4 −20 11 2.309 0.0909 41.910 1.650 38.953 1.5336 12.7±2.3 53 32 42.4 1.67 3.2 39.00 39.50
​1 1⁄2 −24 11 2.309 0.0909 47.803 1.882 44.846 1.7656 12.7±2.3 57 40 48.3 1.90 3.2 45.00 45.00
2 −32 11 2.309 0.0909 59.614 2.347 56.657 2.2306 15.9±2.3 70 50 60.3 2.37 3.6 56.75 57.00
​2 1⁄2 −40 11 2.309 0.0909 75.184 2.960 72.227 2.8436 17.5±3.5 65 76.1 3.00 3.6
3 −48 11 2.309 0.0909 87.884 3.460 84.927 3.3436 20.6±3.5 80 88.9 3.50 4
4 −64 11 2.309 0.0909 113.030 4.450 110.073 4.3336 25.5±3.5 100 114.3 4.50 4.5
5 −80 11 2.309 0.0909 138.430 5.450 135.472 5.3335 28.6±3.5 125 139.7 5.50 5
6 −96 11 2.309 0.0909 163.830 6.450 160.872 6.3335 28.6±3.5 150 165.1 6.50 5

These standard pipe threads are formally referred to by the following sequence of blocks:

  • the words, Pipe thread,
  • the document number of the standard (e.g., ISO 7 or EN 10226)
  • the symbol for the pipe thread type:
    • G, external and internal parallel (ISO 228)
    • R, external taper (ISO 7)
    • Rp, internal parallel (ISO 7/1)
    • Rc, internal taper (ISO 7)
    • Rs, external parallel
  • the thread size

Threads are normally right-hand. For left-hand threads, the letters, LH, are appended.

Example: Pipe thread EN 10226 Rp 2½

The terminology for the use of G and R originated from Germany (G for gas, as it was originally designed for use on gas pipes; R for rohr, meaning pipe.)

ISO 228

The standard ISO 228 - Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads consists of the following parts:

  • ISO 228-1:2000 Dimensions, tolerances and designation
  • ISO 228-2:1987 Verification by means of limit gauges

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ http://www.colder.com/Portals/0/Library/Resources/Literature/WhitePapers/Documents/NPT_whitepaper.pdf
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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