Calbuco (volcano)

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Calbuco
File:Calbuco 11 Feb 2010 zoomed in.jpg
Calbuco viewed from the north alongside Road 225 on the shores of Llanquihue Lake. (February 11, 2010)
Highest point
Elevation Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). [1]
Prominence Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). [1]
Listing Ultra
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. [1]
Geography
Calbuco is located in Chile
Calbuco
Calbuco
Chile
Location Los Lagos, Chile
Parent range Andes
Geology
Age of rock Pleistocene
Mountain type Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc/belt South Volcanic Zone
Last eruption April 2015

Calbuco (kahl-BOO-koh; Spanish: Volcán Calbuco, pronounced: [bolˈkaŋ kalˈβuko]) is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, located southeast of Llanquihue Lake and northwest of Chapo Lake, in the Los Lagos Region, and close to the cities of Puerto Varas and Puerto Montt. With an elevation of 2,015 meters above sea level, the volcano and the surrounding area are protected within the Llanquihue National Reserve.

The most recent eruption happened on April 22, 2015, followed by two smaller eruptions on April 24 and April 30. This was Calbuco's first activity since 1972.[2][3][4]

Name and location

Calbuco is located partly in Puerto Varas Commune and partly in Puerto Montt Commune. It lies 49 km from the city of Puerto Varas and 69 km from Puerto Montt. Its name is thought to come from the Mapuche words "kallfü" (blue) and "ko" (water), meaning "blue water".[5] It shares the name with Calbuco Island in nearby Reloncaví Sound as well as the city and commune of Calbuco, although it is not located there.

Geology

Calbuco is a very explosive andesite volcano whose lavas usually contain 55 to 60% silicon dioxide (SiO2).[6] It is elongated in a SW-NE direction and is capped by a 400-500 meter wide summit crater. Its complex evolution included the collapse of an intermediate edifice during the late Pleistocene that produced a debris avalanche that reached Llanquihue Lake.[7]

Volcanic activity

File:Plume from the April 22, 2015 eruption of Calbuco.jpg
Satellite image of the plume during the 2015 eruption.

Calbuco has had 36 confirmed eruptions during the Holocene, 13 of which have been recorded in historical times. 20th century eruptions took place in 1906, 1907, 1909, 1911, 1917, 1929, 1932, 1945, 1961, and 1972. A series of three eruptions occurred from April 22–30, 2015.[8]

The 1893-4 Calbuco eruption was one of the largest ever to take place in southern Chile, with debris ejected to distances of eight kilometres, accompanied by voluminous hot lahars. In the strong explosions of April 1917, a lava dome formed in the crater accompanied by hot lahars. Another short explosive eruption in January 1929 also included an apparent pyroclastic flow and a lava flow.

The major eruption of 1961 sent ash columns 12–15 km high, produced plumes that dispersed mainly to the south east and emitted two lava flows. There was a minor, four-hour eruption on August 26, 1972. Strong fumarolic emission from the main crater was observed on August 12, 1996.[7]

2015 eruption

Calbuco erupted on April 22, 2015, after just one hour of warning in the form of volcanic earthquakes,[9] for the first time in four decades.[10] The eruption lasted 90 minutes and sent a plume of volcanic ash 10 km into the sky.[10] A flow of lava was reported into Chapo Lake on the same day. The eruption caused airline flight cancellations to Chile as well as Argentina and Uruguay. Authorities evacuated 4,000 people[11] from a zone with a 20 km radius from the volcano.[12]

Further eruptions took place on April 23 and April 30, 2015. Experts have warned about the possibility of acid rain and lahars. On May 5, 2015, the Chilean government reported that tourist activity in the area had returned to "routine" levels.[13]

On August 18, 2015, the volcano's alert level was lowered back to Green (Normal).[14]

See also

Gallery

  • Calbuco 11 Feb 2010 zoomed out.jpg

    Calbuco viewed from the north alongside Road 225 on the shores of Llanquihue Lake (February 11, 2010).

  • Volcán Osorno 006.jpg

    From Osorno volcano (July 28, 2006).

  • Calbuco22-4-15.jpg

    View of the eruption column of Calbuco Volcano from Puerto Varas, Chile, on April 22, 2015.

  • Calbuco Volcano Erupts in Southern Chile.jpg

    Picture taken with VIIRS, infrared, April 23, 2015.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Argentina and Chile: Central Ultra-Prominences". Peaklist.org. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Calbuco: Aguas Azules Ellanquihue.cl, retrieved May 6, 2015
  6. ↑ Calbuco Volcano - Latest Activity Reports Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program, retrieved May 6, 2015
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Calbuco Volcano - Background Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program, retrieved May 6, 2015
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Chile Tourist Areas Returned To Routine Activity Following Calbuco Eruption Travelpulse.com, May 5, 2015, retrieved May 6, 2015
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

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External links

Videos 2015 Eruption
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