Confederation Line

Confederation Line
[[File:Add→{{rail-interchange}} File:Ligne de la Confederation Line logo.svg|frameless]]
File:OC Transpo O Train LRV 1107.jpg Alstom Citadis Spirit near Bayview station
Overview
Type	Light rail
System	O-Train
Locale	Ottawa, Ontario
Termini
Stations	13
Line number	1
Website	Confederation Line (Line 1)
Operation
Opened	September 14, 2019
Owner	City of Ottawa
Operator(s)	OC Transpo
Depot(s)	Belfast Yard
Rolling stock	Alstom Citadis Spirit
Technical
Line length
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Operating speed
Route map Legend Stage 2 (2023) Trim x20px Tenth Line x20px Orléans Town Centre ↑ proposed extension Place D'Orléans Orléans Boulevard Jeanne D'Arc Montréal Jasmine(future) File:BSicon STRc2 black.svg x20px East Transitway x20px x20px Blair Cyrville St. Laurent x20px Maintenance Facility Tremblay x20px x20px Hurdman File:BSicon STRc1 black.svg x20px Southeast Transitway Rideau River Lees Campus Rideau Rideau Canal Parliament Lyon Pimisi File:BSicon STRc2 lime.svg x20px Trillium Line x20px x20px Bayview x20px Tunney's Pasture x20px Stage 2 (2023)  x20px x20px x20px Westboro x20px Dominion x20px Cleary New Orchard Lincoln Fields x20px Iris File:BSicon KBHFa black.svg Baseline x20px Southwest Transitway Queensview x20px Pinecrest File:BSicon BHF black.svg Bayshore x20px West Transitway

The Confederation Line (French: Ligne de la Confédération), also called O-Train Line 1 (French: Ligne 1 de l'O-Train), is a light rail line operated by OC Transpo in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, as part of the city's O-Train light rail system. The Confederation Line opened on September 14, 2019; it is the second O-Train line opened, operating on an east to west route, including under Queen Street in the downtown core, to complement the north to south Trillium Line which operates to the west of the downtown core. Using light rail rolling stock and technology (e.g. pantograph electrical pickup from overhead catenary rather than a third rail), the Confederation Line is completely grade separated.

The project was approved by the Ottawa City Council and the contract was awarded in December 2012. Construction began in 2013. Mayor Jim Watson announced that the line would open on September 14, 2019. At a cost of just over $2.1 billion, it was the largest infrastructure project awarded in the history of the city before being surpassed by the Stage 2 extension of the line which will cost $4.66 billion.

History

File:O-TrainFromAbove2017.jpg

Completed Confederation Line tracks in August 2017

The line was approved unanimously by the City Council on December 19, 2012, after many years of debate on a rapid transit network for the city. It represents the initial phase of the network and will be implemented through a 30-year Design-Build-Finance-Maintenance agreement with the Rideau Transit Group. It is operated by Alstom Citadis Spirit light rail vehicles.

On June 8, 2016, a sinkhole opened in the middle of Rideau Street near its intersection with Sussex Drive, 25 metres (82 ft) above the LRT tunnel construction, swallowing three lanes of the street and a parked van. The collapse forced evacuation of the Rideau Centre and the closing of a number of local streets and businesses; no one was injured or killed, but the nearly-completed tunnel was flooded, submerging a roadheader. Repairs were completed, and the city was cleared of any wrong-doing.

Testing of the line's rolling stock began in late 2016, and was planned to continue through most of the following year before the line was expected to achieve revenue service availability on May 24, 2018, followed by testing, acceptance, and opening of the line to the public. When the May 2018 deadline could not be achieved, it was announced the line would open to the public in November 2018. In September 2018, it was announced that the line would not open in November 2018 and would instead open in early 2019. In March 2019, this was pushed back to sometime between April and June 2019. In May 2019, the opening of the line was again delayed, until the third quarter of 2019, due to concerns about train operations. Rideau Transit Group failed to complete testing and hand over the system by the revised deadline of August 16, 2019, the fourth time RTG had not met a deadline it had revised with the city. OC Transpo announced on August 23, 2019, that the testing had been completed by RTG and the Confederation Line would open to the public on September 14, 2019.

On March 10, 2020, Ottawa City Council issued a notice of default to RTG, listing the flaws and problems with the line and its operation. Among the cited issues were a shortage of trains during rush hour, a maintenance facility fire, inadequate heating of train operator cars, and vehicle parts coming loose, the latter causing damage to transponders.

Route and stations

Route

The Confederation Line runs from Tunney's Pasture station in the west to Blair station in the east, a distance of 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) including a 2.5-kilometre (1.6 mi) tunnel running under Queen Street in the central business district, including under the Rideau Canal. The line connects to the existing Transitway at both ends, and to the O-Train Trillium Line at Bayview station.

With complete grade separation, travel time from one end to another is less than 25 minutes. Train frequency is every 5 minutes or better during peak hours and every 15 minutes or better after 11PM (except Sunday). The hours of operation for the Confederation Line are:

• Monday to Thursday: 5 am to 1 am
• Friday: 5 am to 2 am
• Saturday: 6 am to 2 am
• Sunday: 8 am to 11 pm

There is no synchronization in the schedule for the last Confederation and Trillium line trains at Bayview station. (As of 2019, Trillium Line trains stop running just after midnight Monday through Saturday, and at 11:30 pm on Sundays.) Thus, it is possible for a passenger to be stranded at Bayview if trains on one line arrive after the last train on the other has departed.

Stations

Main article: List of O-Train stations

There are 13 stations in Stage 1 of the project. The three downtown subway stations have 120-metre (390 ft) platforms; the remainder are 90 metres (300 ft) with provisions for future expansion.

All stations display an illuminated red "O" at the entrance. Every station has fare vending machines selling Presto cards, single-ride tickets, day passes, family passes and multi-day passes; vending machines accept cash, debit cards and credit cards. Stations have an information phone as well as emergency phones for those requiring assistance; vending machines also provide a video chat feature. Access through the fare gates to station platforms is via Presto card, U-Pass, STO Multi card, barcoded ticket or barcoded bus transfer. All 13 Stage 1 stations have elevators, and nine have escalators. Station stairways have a channel for passengers to push a bicycle. Four of the 13 stations have public washrooms.

The four major transfer stations—Blair, , Bayview, and Tunney's Pasture—have a fare-paid area so that passengers transferring between bus and O-Train do not need to go through fare gates. , and stations do not have nearby connecting buses. is the major hub for STO (Société de transport de l'Outaouais) buses connecting with OC Transpo services.

Station	Notes
	Connects with the East Transitway to Orleans. Serves the Gloucester Shopping Centre complex.
	Transitway station demolished and rebuilt to handle LRT in 2015. Serves the Ottawa CANEX (for military personnel and families).
	Integrates with the St. Laurent Shopping Centre and connects to east end bus routes
	Connects with Via Rail inter-regional services at Ottawa station. A pedestrian bridge connects to Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton Park north of the Queensway. Also serves the Ottawa Trainyards shopping complex.
	Connects to the Southeast Transitway to south Ottawa
	Serves existing high-density residential buildings and the University of Ottawa Lees Campus.
	Serves the University of Ottawa and the Sandy Hill district. Replaces the previous Campus station.
	Located under Rideau Street and integrated with the Rideau Centre. Replaces the existing Mackenzie King station and will be a major transfer station, providing transfers between the Confederation Line and the city's urban bus routes to the east (Montreal Road) and south (Bank Street). Serves the Byward Market and Lower Town districts.
	Located under Queen Street, replacing the and stations. Connects to the Sun Life Centre and Heritage Place. Serves the northeast area of Centretown, including Parliament Hill and the National Arts Centre.
	Located under Queen Street, replacing the and stations. Integrated with Place de Ville's underground concourse and a future Claridge residential development. Serves the northwest area of Centretown.
	Located in LeBreton Flats under the Booth Street bridge. Connects with Gatineau buses. Serves the Chinatown district, and is a short walk from Little Italy.
	Connects with the north–south Trillium Line to south Ottawa. Serves the east end of the Hintonburg district and the west end of Chinatown.
	Connects with the West Transitway towards Barrhaven and Kanata. Serves the Wellington Street West district, including the western part of Hintonburg, and the Tunney's Pasture federal government complex.

Design issues

Station design concerns have been raised; shortcomings identified include steps that are slippery when wet, which have resulted in passenger injuries.

Future stations

Station	Notes
Stage 2 West
	Will replace the existing Transitway station. Serves high-density residential and Westboro Village
	Will replace Dominion station. The station will be renamed Kìchì Sìbì to better associate with the region's Algonquin heritage, the nearby Kitchissippi lookout and the City ward of the same name
	New station will be an open-cut built as part of a cut-and-cover tunnel along the Byron Linear Tramway Park at Sherbourne Road
	New station will be an open-cut built as part of a cut-and-cover tunnel along the Byron Linear Tramway Park near New Orchard Avenue
	Will replace the existing Transitway station. This station will be a major transfer point between the Algonquin and Moodie branches of the Confederation Line
	Will be located near OC Transpo's Pinecrest garage between Queensview drive and the 417. A pedestrian bridge across the 417 has also been proposed
	Will be located just west of Pinecrest Road and south of the existing Transitway station
	Will replace the existing Transitway station
	Will replace the newly built Transitway station. A new maintenance and storage facility will be built beyond this station on the west side of Moodie drive
	Will replace the existing Transitway station
	Will replace Baseline station. The station will be renamed to Algonquin to better associate with the nearby Algonquin College campus
Stage 2 East
	Will replace existing station and be built across Montreal Road and replace the existing Transitway station
	Will replace the existing station and be built in the median of Highway 174 below Jeanne d'Arc Boulevard
	New station will be built in the median of the 174 below Orléans Boulevard
	Will replace existing Transitway station and be built in the median of the 174 and connect to the existing pedestrian bridge to connect to the Park and Ride and the Place d'Orleans Shopping Centre
	Will be located in the median of the 174 and connect to the existing park-and-ride via a new pedestrian bridge

Rolling stock

As part of the winning consortium for the project, Alstom was awarded a contract to provide 34 Citadis Spirit LRVs. It was the company's first order for modern light rail vehicles in North America, competing directly with similar models such as the Siemens S70 (which was originally ordered for the original extension plan for the Trillium Line but was later cancelled). Derived from the earlier Citadis Dualis tram-train used in Europe, they were manufactured in Alstom's plant in Hornell, New York, with final assembly taking place at Belfast Yard in Ottawa.

Signalling on the line is handled by Thales' SelTrac semi-automatic communication-based train control (CBTC) technology.

As part of a contest organized by OC Transpo, each train set (on both the Confederation Line and the Trillium Line) was given a name that relates to local or Canadian history.

An additional 38 Citadis Spirit vehicles were ordered by the city as part of the Stage 2 extension project with assembly beginning in early 2019. Originally all 38 vehicles were to be assembled in Ottawa like the original order; however, in July 2019 Alstom announced it would move the assembly of the last 25 vehicles from this order to their new plant in Brampton. As of June 2020, three of these vehicles had already been added to the operational fleet with several others in various stages of production and acceptance. Each of the 38 additional vehicles will be added to the active Confederation Line fleet as they are completed.

Vehicle issues

The system encountered operational problems with the train set during winter storms during early testing, including heating systems failing to work, communications systems failing, and body work on cars dropping off.

Following the transition to full LRT service, in early October 2019 the automated doors of the Spirit vehicles experienced numerous faults if pried open or held back by passengers. This resulted in service disruptions lasting up to 90 minutes due to a lack of proper procedures to isolate and disable the faulty doors while a train was in service. The vehicles also began encountering integration issues with Thales' SelTrac train control system that would lead to the on-board computer for some trains in service needing to be rebooted, causing delays of up to 20–30 minutes. Passengers also took issue with the overhead grab bars being too high to reach and that there were no straps to hold on to, with some resorting to scarves wrapped around bars or other means to stabilize themselves during travel. OC Transpo subsequently ordered and installed straps on all trains. Because the original design of the vehicles did not include straps, RTG quoted the cost of procuring and installing them to be $1 million which OC Transpo rejected. OC Transpo said that by delaying the installation of the straps to after the line had launched, they only had to pay $200,000.

Although vehicle reliability improved later into 2019, a series of new reliability issues began starting on December 31, 2019 when two trains failed due to electrical failures caused by improperly cleaned electrical contacts and led to disruptions that lasted several hours. Throughout the start of 2020 the system's reliability issues continued with switch failures and continued unreliability of the vehicles. Insufficient heat generated by switch heaters would cause switches on the line to fail in heavy snowfall. Though the issue with the switch heaters had been flagged as a deficiency several times, the solutions implemented by RTG prior to the launch of the line were not effective at resolving the issue. Issues with the vehicles ranged from electrical failures occurring in inclement weather caused by manufacturing defects in the inductors that feed power into the vehicles, to brake faults, and flat spots becoming a common occurrence on vehicles causing many to need to be taken out of service. RTG struggled to keep up with the maintenance of the vehicles leading to several weeks where only a reduced number of trains could be operated during peak periods. On January 30, 2020, the Confederation Line reached an operational low when it was short five trains during rush hour due to "recurring mechanical and electrical issues". The Confederation Line was expected to field 15 working trains during rush hour, although it only operated 13 vehicles at once during peak periods due to the system requiring more spares than originally thought. The city expected to be able to operate with 15 trains at peak by the end of August 2020 as additional vehicles were completed for Stage 2 and added to the fleet, and on August 7, 2020, 15 trains were launched for peak service without issue.

Due to the unreliability of the system, the city has exercised its right to withhold the monthly maintenance payments it owes to RTG, which RTG disputes. An exception was the payment for September which the city was contractually obligated to pay regardless of the service provided.

Belfast Yard

Main article: Belfast Yard

All cars will be stored at the Belfast Yard at 805 Belfast Road, with connecting track to the Confederation Line. Part of the 6.5-hectare (16-acre) site was an existing OC Transpo facility. The yard site was created by combining this facility with the properties of a number of private business. All existing structures were demolished in 2013, and the new facilities were completed in 2016. The facility has a storage shed, maintenance facilities and an administration office. Final assembly for many of the LRVs was completed here.

Construction

File:Construction Cyrville Station.jpg

Demolition work at the Cyrville station (July 2015)

In mid-April 2015, OC Transpo posted a list of bus route changes as a result of the closure of the Transitway between Hurdman station and Blair station. As a result of the closure, many new routes are being created, such as route 91, and existing routes modified, most notably routes 61, 62, 94 and 95. Many routes will use new bus-only lanes on Highway 417, and several others will be altered or shortened to avoid serving the construction area. The changes are meant to provide extra service to those in areas affected by the Transitway closure, and to avoid as many delays as possible while construction on the Confederation Line progresses. A side project on the 417 highway was completed in 2016.

Stage 2

File:Stage 2 LRT Logo.png

Stage 2 LRT logo

In November 2013, the City of Ottawa released its new transportation master plan, which included plans to build 35 kilometres (22 mi) of new rapid transit and 19 new stations. This also included plans to extend the Confederation Line westward to Bayshore station and to Baseline station, and eastward to Place d'Orleans station. In July 2015, the city released a functional report on the Stage 2 system expansion, which added plans to extend the Confederation Line eastward from Place d'Orleans station to Trim station. An extension westward to Moodie Drive from Bayshore station was announced in February 2017. This totals an extension of 11 stations, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) westward and 5 stations, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) eastward. Stage 2 will add a new light maintenance and storage facility along Corkstown Road, west of Moodie Station.

Construction began in the second quarter of 2019, as the initial line becomes operational. The full system would be operational by 2025, with the extension to Trim operational by 2024. The city is currently working on finalizing plans for the current gap in service between Dominion station and Lincoln Fields station where buses travel on the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway a little over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) without stopping. The plan calls for burying trains for most of the route, creating a shorter, straighter alignment. The new route will also include two new LRT stations in an urban area with intensification opportunities.

See also

• Transitway (Ottawa)
• Urban rail transit in Canada

References

Bibliography

• Schepers, Nancy (June 22, 2015). Report to Finance and Economic Development Committee 29 June 2015 and Council 8 July 2015. Submitted on June 22, 2015 by Nancy Schepers, Executive Advisor, Light Rail Planning and Implementation. File Number: ACS2015-CMR-OCM-0017. Subject: Stage 2 Light Rail Transit (LRT) Environmental Assessment and Functional Design Report. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
• OC Transpo's Announcement video of their chosen Light Rail Vehicle

External links

• OC Transpo O-Train Line 1
• OC Transpo Ready for Rail
• Confederation Line – official website for construction of Stage 1 (archived now that Stage 1 is completed)
• Stage 2 Light Rail Transit Project