Electorate of Mainz
Electorate of Mainz | ||||||||||||||||||
Kurfürstentum Mainz Electoratus Moguntinus |
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State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||||||||||
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Location of the Electorate of Mainz in 1648 (Erfurt and Eichsfeld, more to the north-east, not shown).
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Capital | Mainz | |||||||||||||||||
Government | Elective principality | |||||||||||||||||
Elector of Mainz | ||||||||||||||||||
• | 1802–1803 | Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg | ||||||||||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||||||||||
• | Bishopric established | Ancient Roman times | ||||||||||||||||
• | Gained territory, elevated to archbishopric |
780–782 |
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• | Gained territory | |||||||||||||||||
• | Arch-chancellor | 1251 | ||||||||||||||||
• | Mainz made Free City | 1242–1462 | ||||||||||||||||
• | Republic of Mainz | 18 March – 23 July 1793 | ||||||||||||||||
• | Treaty of Campo Formio | 17 October 1797 | ||||||||||||||||
• | German Mediatisation | 1803 | ||||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Germany |
The Electorate of Mainz (German: Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz, Latin: Electoratus Moguntinus), also known in English by its French name, Mayence, was the most prestigious and among the most influential states of the Holy Roman Empire from its creation to the dissolution of the HRE in the early years of the 19th century. In the Roman Catholic hierarchy, the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz was the Primate of Germany (primas Germaniae), a purely honorary dignity that was unsuccessfully claimed from time to time by other Archbishops. There were only two other ecclesiastical Prince-electors in the Empire: the Electorate of Cologne and the Electorate of Trier.
The Archbishop-Elector of Mainz was also archchancellor of Germany (one of the three component titular kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, the other two being Italy and Burgundy) and, as such, ranked first among all ecclesiastical and secular princes of the Empire, and was second only to the Emperor. His political role, particularly as an intermediary between the Estates of the Empire and the Emperor, was considerable.[1]
Contents
History
The Episcopal see was established in ancient Roman times in the city of Mainz, which had been a Roman provincial capital, Moguntiacum, but the office really came to prominence upon its elevation to an archdiocese in 780-782. The first bishops before the 4th century have legendary names, beginning with Crescens. The first verifiable Bishop of Mainz was Martinus in 343. The ecclesiastical and secular importance of Mainz dates from the accession of St. Boniface to the see in 747. Boniface was previously an archbishop, but the honor did not immediately devolve upon the see itself until his successor Lullus.[2]
The territory of the Electorate included several non-contiguous blocks of territory: lands near Mainz on both the left and right banks of the Rhine; territory along the Main River above Frankfurt (including the district of Aschaffenburg); the Eichsfeld region in Lower Saxony and Thuringia; and the territory around Erfurt in Thuringia.
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Schloss Johannisburg in Aschaffenburg
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Palace of the Mainz Governors in Erfurt
As was generally the case in the Holy Roman Empire, the territory of a prince-bishopric or archbishopric varied from that of the corresponding diocese or archdiocese, which was the purely spiritual jurisdiction of the prince-bishop or archbishop. During the early modern age, the archdiocese of Mainz (see map below) was the largest ecclesiastical province of Germany, covering Mainz and 10 suffragant dioceses.[3]
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Erfurt Cathedral and St. Severus Church in Erfurt
In 1802, Mainz lost its archiepiscopal character. In the secularizations that accompanied the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (German mediatization) of 1803, the seat of the elector, Karl Theodor von Dalberg, was moved to Regensburg, and the electorate lost its left bank territories to France, its right bank areas along the Main below Frankfurt to Hesse-Darmstadt and the Nassau princes, and Eichsfeld and Erfurt to the Kingdom of Prussia. Dalberg retained the Aschaffenburg area as the Principality of Aschaffenburg. In 1810 Dalberg merged Aschaffenburg, Frankfurt, Wetzlar, Hanau, and Fulda, to form the new Grand Duchy of Frankfurt in 1810. Dalberg resigned in 1813 and in 1815 the Congress of Vienna divided his territories between the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Free City of Frankfurt.
The modern Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz was founded in 1802 when Mainz lost its archdiocese status and became a mere diocese within the territory of France. In 1814 its jurisdiction was extended over the territory of Hesse-Darmstadt. Since then it has had two cardinals and via various concordats was allowed to retain the medieval tradition of the cathedral chapter electing a successor to the bishop.
See also
References
External links
- Official website of the modern Diocese
- Map of the Archbishopric of Mainz in 1789
- Former countries in Europe
- States of the Holy Roman Empire
- States and territories established in 780
- States and territories disestablished in 1803
- Pages using infobox former country with unknown parameters
- Official website not in Wikidata
- Articles containing German-language text
- Germany articles missing geocoordinate data
- Use dmy dates from June 2013
- Archbishop-Electors of Mainz
- History of Mainz
- History of Hesse
- Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate
- Prince-Bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire
- Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire
- History of Catholicism in Germany
- Lists of bishops and archbishops in Europe
- 780 establishments in Europe
- 1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
- Dioceses established in the 8th century
- Electoral Rhenish Circle
- Former states and territories of Bavaria
- Former states and territories of Hesse