Energy in Turkey
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Energy in Turkey describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Turkey. Energy policy of Turkey describes the energy policy in the politics of Turkey more in detail. Turkey imports most of its energy. Primary energy use in Turkey was 1,146 TWh and 16 TWh/million persons in 2008.[1]
Turkey is strategically positioned between two continents with 65 percent of the energy resources in the east of the country, while 65 percent of the demand is in the west. [2]
Contents
Overview
| Energy in Turkey[3] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 71.79 | 952 | 280 | 677 | 127 | 209 |
| 2007 | 73.90 | 1163 | 317 | 881 | 163 | 265 |
| 2008 | 71.08 | 1146 | 337 | 843 | 171 | 264 |
| 2009 | 71.90 | 1,136 | 352 | 817 | 165 | 256 |
| 2012 | 73.95 | 1,308 | 373 | 932 | 198 | 286 |
| 2012R | 74.90 | 1,360 | 355 | 1,035 | 207 | 302 |
| 2013 | 75.77 | 1,355 | 376 | 1,008 | 209 | 284 |
| Change 2004-2009 | 0.2 % | 19.2 % | 25.6 % | 20.7 % | 30.2 % | 22.4 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated |
||||||
Sources
Coal
Turkey produces a lot of lignite. "Lignite power stations churn out large amounts of carbon dioxide, with a comparably low level of efficiency." [4] New coal fired power stations are being built despite the environmental impact of the coal industry.
Gas
Currently most gas comes from Russia via the Blue Stream pipeline because Iranian gas, which comes through the Tabriz–Ankara pipeline, is more expensive (as of 1st quarter 2014). Azerbaijan supplies Turkey through the South Caucasus Pipeline and may supply more in future through the Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline, currently under construction. Iraq may also supply gas in future, through the Southern Gas Corridor. [5]
In 2012, Turkey paid Azerbaijan $330 for every thousand cubic meters of gas imported and $400 to Russia for the same quantity. Iran, however, sold its gas to Turkey at $505 per thousand cubic meters. [6]
Also some gas is imported as LNG.
At the moment only a small proportion of gas imports are re-exported to the EU. However, if a lower price can be agreed with Iran and sanctions are removed permanently, Turkey would like to buy more from them and re-export more, via the proposed Iran-Turkey-Europe (ITE) pipeline. [7]
Nuclear
Renewable energy
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Hydroelectricity in Turkey is the largest renewable source of electricity however solar power looks likely to increase rapidly. Wind power in Turkey is mainly in the west.
| EU and Turkey Wind Energy Capacity (MW)[8][9][10][11] | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Country | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 |
| - | EU-27 | 117,289 | 106,040 | 93,957 | 84,074 | 74,767 | 64,712 | 56,517 | 48,069 | 40,511 | 34,383 | 28,599 | 23,159 | 17,315 | 12,887 | 9,678 | 6,453 |
| 28 | Turkey | 2,956 | 2,312 | 1,691 | 1,329 | 801 | 458 | 140 | 19 | ||||||||
Geothermal power in Turkey is used mainly for heating.
By massively increasing production of solar power in the south and wind power in the west Turkey could meet its entire predicted 2020 energy demand from renewable sources. [12]
Conservation
According to the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkey has the potential to cut 15 to 20 percent of total consumption through energy conservation. [13]
Storage
With the increase in electricity generated by solar panels storage may become more important.
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Power plants in Turkey. |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]]. |
References
- ↑ IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
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- ↑ IEA Key World Energy Statistics Statistics 2015, 2014 (2012R as in November 2015 + 2012 as in March 2014 is comparable to previous years statistical calculation criteria, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
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- ↑ Wind in power: 2012 European statistics February 2013
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