Emperor Bidatsu
| Bidatsu | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of Japan | |
| Reign | 572 – 585 (traditional) |
| Predecessor | Kinmei |
| Successor | Yōmei |
| Born | 538 |
| Died | 14 September 585 (aged 47) |
| Burial | Kawachi no Shinaga no naka no o no misasagi (Osaka) |
Emperor Bidatsu (敏達天皇 Bidatsu-tennō?, 538 – 14 September 585) was the 30th emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]
The years of reign of Bidatsu start in 572 and end in 585; however, there are no certain dates for this emperor's life or reign.[3] The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.[4]
Contents
Traditional narrative
Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Bidatsu to be possibly legendary, but probable.[5] The name Bidatsu-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.
In the Nihonshoki, he is called Nunakura no Futotamashiki (渟中倉太珠敷?).
His palace in Yamato Province was called Osada no Miya of Iware.[6]
Events of Bidatsu's life
In the 15th year of Kimmei's reign, Bidatsu was named Crown Prince.[6]
In the 32nd year of Kimmei-tennō 's reign (欽明天皇32年?, 572), the old emperor died, and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his second son. Soon after, Emperor Bidatsu is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[7]
Bidatsu's contemporary title would not have been tennō, as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably Sumeramikoto or Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven." Alternatively, Bidatsu might have been referred to as (ヤマト大王/大君) or the "Great King of Yamato."
Bidatsu's reign was marked by power struggles about Buddhism. The two most important men in the court of Bidatsu were Soga no Umako and Mononobe no Moriya.[8] Soga supported the growth of Buddhism, and Moriya wanted to stop it.[9]
Bidatsu sought to re-establish relations with Korean Kingdoms and, according to Nihonshoki, his court successfully established relations with Baekje and Silla, two of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.[citation needed]
The emperor died from a disease which afflicted him with sores, apparently the first royal victim of smallpox in Japan.[10]
The actual site of Bidatsu's grave is known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Osaka.
The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Bidatsu's mausoleum. It is formally named Kawachi no Shinaga no naka no o no misasagi.[11]
Genealogy
He was the second son of Emperor Kimmei. His mother, Ishi-hime, was a daughter of Emperor Senka.[6]
Although he had many children, none of them would ever become emperor.[12] According to Gukanshō, Bidatsu had four empresses and 16 Imperial children (6 sons and 10 daughters).[6]
Bidatsu's first empress, Hirohime, died in the fifth year of his reign. To replace her, he elevated one of his consorts, Princess Nukatabe, to the rank of empress. Nukatabe was his half-sister by their father Kimmei. Later she ascended to the throne in her own right and is today known as Empress Suiko.
He was succeeded first by one of his brothers, Emperor Yōmei, then by another, Emperor Sushun, and then Empress Suiko, his sister and wife, before his grandson, Emperor Jomei, eventually took the throne.
- Princess Hiro Hime, daughter of Prince Mate no Okinaga ; Empress 572; died 575 ; 3 imperial children:
- Princess Sakanobori
- Princess Uji no Shitsukahi
- Prince Oshisako no Hikohito no Oe,born about 556, married (A) Princess Ohomata (Ohotomo), his aunt, daughter of Emperor Kimmei and Soga no Kitashi-Hime, by whom he had a son and a daughter ;(B) Princess Nukate-Hime (his half sister), by whom he had 3 sons ; (C) Princess Woharida (his half sister), by whom he had a son and a daughter :
- Eldest son : Prince Chinu,born about 575, married to Princess Kibitsu-Hime, by whom he had a son and a daughter: Princess Takara (Empress Kōgyoku), born 594,and Prince Karu (Emperor Kōtoku)
- Princesse Kuhada
- Prince Tamura (Emperor Jomei), born 593
- Prince Nakatsu
- Prince Tara
- Prince Yamashiro
- Princesse Kasanuhi
- Ominako no Iratsume (Kusu Kimi no Iratsuko), daughter of Kasuga no Nakatsu Kimi no Omi ; second consort ; 4 imperial children :
- Prince Naniha
- Prince Kasuga
- Princess Kuwada
- Prince Ohomata
- Unako no Otoshi (Wo-Umako no Iratsume), daughter of Ohoka no Obito no Okuma ; third consort; 2 imperial children :
- Princess Futohime (Princess Sakurawi)
- Princess Nukate Hime (Princess Takara or Tamura), born about 570, married to Prince Oshisako no Hikohito no Oe, her half brother
- Princess Nukatabe, born 553, died 628; daughter of Emperor Kimmei and Soga no Kitashi hime; imperial consort ; Empress 576,(Empress Suikō) ; 7 imperial children :
- Princess Uji no Shitsukahi (Uji no Kahitako), born about 570, married to Prince Shōtoku, son of Emperor Yōmei and Empress Anahobe
- Prince Takeda
- Princess Woharida, born about 572, married to her half brother Oshisako no Hikohito no Oe
- Princess Umori (Karu no Mori)
- Prince Wohari
- Princess Tame, married to her nephew Emperor Jomei
- Princess Sakurawi no Yumihari
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), 敏達天皇 (30); retrieved 2013-1-31.
- ↑ Brown, Delmer. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 262-263; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 124-125; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 36-37; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002). "Traditional order of Tennō" in Japan encyclopedia, pp. 962-963.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Traditional order of Tennō" at pp. 962-963; excerpt, "dates ... should be treated with caution up to Emperor Bidatsu Tennō, the thirtieth on the list."
- ↑ Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi, p. 109 n1.
- ↑ Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture," Japanese Archaeology. April 27, 2009; retrieved 2013-1-31.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Brown, p. 262.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 36; Varley, p. 44; n.b., the distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami; compare Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō), Ceremony of Accession (Sokui-no-Rei); retrieved 2013-1-31.
- ↑ Titsingh, p. 36.
- ↑ Brown, pp. 262-263.
- ↑ Hopkins, Donald R. (2002). The Greatest Killer, p. 106, citing Aston (1896). Nihongi, Vol. II. p. 104.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959) The Imperial House of Japan, p. 419.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 46.
References
- Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Hopkins, Donald R. (2002). The Greatest Killer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226351667; ISBN 9780226351681; OCLC 49305765
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Emperor of Japan: Bidatsu 572–585 |
Succeeded by Emperor Yōmei |
| Legendary |
 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kofun | ||||||
| Asuka |
|
|||||
| Nara |
|
|||||
| Heian |
|
|||||
| Kamakura |
|
|||||
| Northern Court |
|
|||||
| Muromachi |
|
|||||
| Azuchi-Momoyama |
|
|||||
| Edo |
|
|||||
| Empire of Japan |
|
|||||
| Postwar Japan |
|
|||||
|
|
||||||
