Feline acne
Feline acne is a problem seen in cats primarily involving the formation of blackheads accompanied by inflammation on the cat's chin and surrounding areas.[1][2] In many cases symptoms are mild and the disease does not require treatment.[1] More severe cases, however, may respond slowly to treatment and seriously detract from the health and appearance of the cat. Feline acne can affect cats of any age, sex or breed.[1]
Sebaceous glands are mostly found in the skin of the chin, base of the tail, eyelids, lips, prepuce and scrotum. They are connected to the hair follicles. In acne, the follicles become clogged with black sebaceous material, forming comedones (also known as blackheads). These comedones can become irritated, swollen and infected, leading to pustules. The cats may experience itching and discomfort due to swelling and bacterial growth inside infected glands.[2] Secondary fungal infections (species Malassezia) may also occur.[2]
Other conditions that can cause similar-appearing conditions include skin mites, ringworm, yeast infection, or auto-immune diseases such as eosinophilic granuloma complex ("rodent ulcers").
Causes
The main causes of feline acne include:
- Hyperactive sebaceous glands
- age of cat – it is common due to hormones in cats between 2–4 years old
- Poor hygiene
- Stress
- Secondary to fungal infection
- Reactions to medicines
Treatment
Topical treatments such as warm compresses to the chin area may be sufficient for mild cases.[3] A veterinarian may be required for treatment if the area becomes secondarily infected with either bacteria or a fungus.[2] Treatment may begin with clinical drainage of the pustules along with a course of oral antibiotics.[2]
References
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