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Gregorio Pietro Agagianian

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His Eminence
Gregorio Pietro XV Agagianian
Patriarch emeritus of Cilicia; Cardinal
File:Card. Gregorio Pietro Agagianian portrait.jpg
Photograph by David Lees, 1965
Church Armenian Catholic Church
See Cilicia
Appointed 13 December 1937
Term ended 25 August 1962
Predecessor Avedis Bedros XIV Arpiarian
Successor Ignatius Bedros XVI Batanian
Other posts Cardinal-Bishop of Albano
Orders
Ordination 23 December 1917
Consecration 21 July 1935
by Bishop Serge Der Abrahamian[1]
Created Cardinal 18 February 1946
by Pope Pius XII
Rank Cardinal-Priest (1946–1970)
Cardinal-Bishop (1970–1971)
Personal details
Birth name Ghazaros Aghajanian
Born (1895-09-18)18 September 1895
Akhaltsikhe, Russian Empire (present-day Georgia)
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Rome, Italy
Nationality Armenian (ethnicity)
Lebanese (citizen)
Vatican (citizen)
Russian Empire (subject by birth)[lower-alpha 1]
Denomination Armenian Catholic
Residence Rome, Beirut[lower-alpha 2]
Previous post
Motto Iustitia et Pax ("Justice and Peace")
Sainthood
Title as Saint Servant of God
Styles of
Gregorio Pietro Agagianian
60px
Reference style His Eminence
Spoken style Your Eminence
Informal style Cardinal
See Cilicia

Gregorio Pietro XV Agagianian (AH-gah-JAHN-yan;[3] anglicized: Gregory Peter;[6] Western Armenian: Գրիգոր Պետրոս ԺԵ. Աղաճանեան,[7] Krikor Bedros ŽĒ. Aghajanian; 18 September 1895 – 16 May 1971) was an Armenian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the head of the Armenian Catholic Church (as Patriarch of Cilicia) from 1937 to 1962 and supervised the Catholic Church's missionary work for more than a decade, until his retirement in 1970. He was considered papabile on two occasions.

Educated in Tiflis and Rome, Agagianian first served as leader of the Armenian Catholic community of Tiflis before the Bolshevik takeover of the Caucasus in 1921. He then moved to Rome, where he first taught and then headed the Pontifical Armenian College until 1937 when he was elected to lead the Armenian Catholic Church, which he revitalized after major losses the church had experienced during the Armenian genocide.

Agagianian was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII. He was Prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Propaganda Fide) from 1958 to 1970. Theologically a moderate, a linguist, and an authority on the Soviet Union, he served as one of the four moderators at the Second Vatican Council and was twice considered a serious papal candidate, during the conclaves of 1958 and 1963.

Early life and priesthood

Agagianian[lower-alpha 3] was born Ghazaros Aghajanian[lower-alpha 4] on September 18, 1895, in the city of Akhaltsikhe, in the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire—in present-day Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia.[8] At the time, around 60% of city's 15,000 inhabitants were Armenians.[11] His family was part of the Catholic minority among the Javakhk Armenians, most of whom were followers of the Armenian Apostolic Church.[lower-alpha 5] His ancestors had emigrated from Erzurum, fleeing Ottoman persecution, to the Russian Caucasus after the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. He lost his father, Harutiun, at an early age.[13][8]

He attended the Russian Orthodox Tiflis Seminary and then the Pontifical Urban University in Rome in 1906.[14][15] His outstanding performance in the latter was noted by Pope Pius X, who told young Agagianian: "You will be a priest, a bishop, and a patriarch."[16] He was ordained priest in Rome on December 23, 1917.[17][1] Despite the upheaval bought by the Russian Revolution, he thereafter served as a parish priest in Tbilisi and then as the head of the city's Armenian Catholic community from 1919.[8] He left for Rome in 1921, as the Democratic Republic of Georgia was invaded by the Red Army. He did not see his family until 1962, when his sister Elizaveta traveled to Rome through the intervention of Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.[14]

In 1921, Agagianian became a faculty member and vice-rector of the Pontifical Armenian College (Pontificio Collegio Armeno) in Rome. He later served as rector of the college from 1932 to 1937. He was also a faculty member of the Pontifical Urban University from 1922 to 1932.[14][17]

Agagianian was appointed titular bishop of Comana di Armenia on July 11, 1935, and was ordained bishop on July 21, 1935, at the San Nicola da Tolentino Church in Rome. His episcopal motto was Iustitia et Pax ("Justice and Peace").[1]

Armenian Catholic Patriarch

On November 30, 1937, Agagianian was elected Patriarch of Cilicia by the synod of bishops of the Armenian Catholic Church, an Eastern particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church. The election received papal confirmation on December 13, 1937.[14][1] He took the name Gregory Peter (French: Grégoire-Pierre; Armenian: Krikor Bedros) and became the 15th patriarch of the Armenian Catholic Church, which had 50,000 to 100,000 adherents.[5][18] All Armenian Catholic Patriarchs have Peter (Petros/Bedros) in their pontifical name as an expression of allegiance to the church founded by Saint Peter.[19]

According to Rouben Paul Adalian, the Armenian Catholic Church regained its stature in the Armenian diaspora under the "astute management" of Agagianian following the sizable losses in the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire.[20] As patriarch, he had immediate ecclesiastical jurisdiction over around 18,000 Catholic Armenians in Lebanon.[5] Agagianian reportedly played a key role in keeping the Armenian-populated village of Kessab within Syria when Turkey annexed the Hatay State in 1939 by intervening as a representative of the Vatican.[21] Agagianian inaugurated the Armenian Catholic church in Anjar, Lebanon in 1954[22] and founded a boarding house for orphaned boys there.[23]

He resigned the pastoral governance of the Armenian patriarchate on August 25, 1962, to focus on his duties at the Vatican.[1][14][24]

Cardinal

Agagianian was made a cardinal on February 18, 1946, by Pope Pius XII. He was appointed Cardinal Priest of San Bartolomeo all'Isola on February 22, 1946.[1] Pope Pius, who had a "great interest in the Eastern churches", called on Agagianian to celebrate a pontifical Mass in the Armenian rite in the Sistine Chapel on March 12, 1946.[25] Held in commemoration of the seventh anniversary of the Pope's coronation, it was the "first time any but the Latin rite has been used in the Sistine Chapel."[26]

Pius named him a member of the Holy Office in June 1958.[27]

File:Canova, Agagianian, altri, convegno di Roma - 1958.jpg
Cardinal Agagianian (center) in Rome, 1958.

Prefect

Agagianian was appointed Pro-Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith on June 18, 1958 by Pope Pius.[1][5] Paul Hofmann of The New York Times wrote that Agagianian, an expert on communism and on Middle Eastern problems, was appointed because he "appeared particularly qualified to combat the danger of Communist inroads in missionary areas in the Middle East, Africa and all Asia."[5] He assumed the post on June 23 at a "simple ceremony."[28] He became Prefect of the Congregation on July 18, 1960.[1]

The Congregation, under his direction, controlled 25,000 missionary priests, 10,000 missionary lay brothers and more than 60,000 missionary nuns worldwide.[5] He supervised the training of Catholic missionaries all over the world.[29] According to Lentz, Agagianian was "largely responsible for liberalizing the church's policies in developing nations".[17]

Agagianian moved to live in Rome permanently in 1958,[5] but he traveled extensively to the missionary areas for which he was responsible.[30] On December 10, 1958, Agagianian presided over the First Far East Conference of Bishops at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, Philippines with attendance of 100 prelates, 10 papal representatives, 16 archbishops, 79 bishops from almost every country in the Far East.[31] He was Pope John's official representative at the December 8 ceremony for consecration of the reconstructed Manila Cathedral.[32]

In February 1959 Agagianian visited Taiwan to oversee missionary work in the island. He later entrusted Archbishop Paul Yü Pin to reestablish the Fu Jen Catholic University there.[33] He arrived in Japan for a two week long visit in May 1959, which included a meeting with Emperor Hirohito.[34]

His visit to the Republic of Ireland in June 1961 was the highlight of the Patrician Year, when the 1,500th anniversary of Saint Patrick, Ireland's patron saint, was celebrated.[35] Agagianian received a great popular welcome there.[36] Conservative President of Ireland Éamon de Valera was famously pictured kissing Agagianian's ring.[37][38] Agagianian celebrated a pontifical high mass in Dublin's Croke Park attended by more than 90,000 people.[39]

In September 1963 he met with Madame Nhu, the Catholic first lady of South Vietnam, in Rome.[40][41] On October 18, 1964, when the Uganda Martyrs were canonized by Pope Paul VI, Agagianian presided over the Holy Mass at Namugongo.[42] In November 1964 he traveled to Bombay, India to open the 38th Eucharistic Congress.[43] It was attended by more than 200 cardinals and bishops.[44]

Second Vatican Council

Agagianian sat on the Board of Presidency of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), which took place from 1962 to 1965. He was appointed by Pope Paul VI as one of the four moderators who directed the course of the debates,[45] along with Leo Joseph Suenens, Julius Döpfner, and Giacomo Lercaro.[46] Agagianian was the only one of these four from the Curia,[45] and represented the Eastern Catholic Churches.[47] He had a special role in the preparation of the missionary decree Ad gentes and Gaudium et spes, the Constitution on the Church in the Modern World.[48][49]

Papal candidate

As a cardinal, Agagianian participated in the papal conclaves of 1958 and 1963, during which he was considered to have been papabile.[lower-alpha 6] According to J. Peter Pham, Agagianian was considered a "serious (albeit unwilling) candidate" for the papacy in both conclaves.[14] Contemporary news sources noted that Agagianian was the first serious non-Italian papal candidate in centuries.[50][15]

1958 conclave

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Main article: Papal conclave, 1958

According to Greg Tobin and Robert J. Wister, Agagianian, known to have been close to Pope Pius XII, was one of the favorites in the 1958 conclave.[51] His candidacy was widely discussed in the press.[52][53][54] Even before the death of Pope Pius XII, The Milwaukee Sentinel wrote that some authoritative voices of Vatican affairs believe that Agagianian was "without question the leading candidate" to succeed Pius.[55] On October 9, the day Pope Pius died, The Sentinel wrote that he is "considered by very responsible Vatican circles as the foremost choice" to succeed Pope Pius.[56] The Chicago Tribune noted that although Agagianian was popular amongst believers, the cardinals were expected to try first to agree on an Italian cardinal.[57]

The election was seen as a struggle between Italian Angelo Roncalli (who was eventually elected and became Pope John XXIII) and non-Italian Agagianian.[lower-alpha 7] Agagianian came in second according to Massimo Faggioli and contemporary press reports.[60][59] Three months after the conclave, Roncalli revealed that his name and that of Agagianian "went up and down like two chickpeas in boiling water" during the conclave.[61] Armenian-American journalist Tom Vartabedian suggests that it is possible that Agagianian might have been elected but declined the post.[62]

1963 conclave

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Main article: Papal conclave, 1963

According to John Whooley, an authority on the Armenian Catholic Church, Agagianian was considered "a strong contender, most 'papabile'" before the 1963 conclave and there was "much expectation" that he would be elected.[63] The conclave instead elected Giovanni Battista Montini, who became Pope Paul VI. According to the Armenian Catholic Church website, Agagianian was rumored to have been actually elected at this conclave but declined to accept.[64] According to speculations by Italian journalists Andrea Tornielli (1993)[65][13] and Giovanni Bensi (2013)[66] Italian intelligence services were involved in preventing Agagianian from being elected pope in 1963. They maintain that SIFAR (Servizio informazioni forze armate), the Italian military intelligence service, mounted a smear campaign against Agagianian prior to the conclave by disseminating the narrative that Agagianian's 70-year-old sister, Elizaveta—who had visited Rome a year earlier to meet him—had ties with the Soviet authorities.[13] The Tablet wrote in 1963 that their meeting, which was preceded by negotiations partly conducted by the Italian ambassador in Moscow, "must rank as one of the best-kept diplomatic secrets of all time".[67]

Views

Thomas Rausch described him as "hardly a strict traditionalist."[47] According to Ralph M. Wiltgen, he was "regarded by the liberals as the most acceptable of the Curial cardinals" in the Second Vatican Council.[68] In 1963 Life magazine called him a liberal, cosmopolitan, and a moderate.[29][69] He was described as the Catholic Church's "topmost champion of the unity of the Christian churches under the Pope."[56] In 1950 he issued a pastoral letter in which he directly appealed to all Armenians (most of whom adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church) to accept the authority of the Catholic Church.[70]

On the Soviet Union

During his lifetime, Agagianian was considered the Catholic Church's leading expert on communism and the Soviet Union.[17][71] Norman St John-Stevas wrote 1955 that Agagianian is "uncommitted" in the Cold War.[72] In a January 1958 diplomatic report Marcus Cheke, UK Ambassador to the Holy See, wrote that Agagianian "believes that the best thing for the Western powers to do is to hang on, avoid war (and the more strongly armed and united they are, the less danger there is of Russia venturing on a war) and to wait for a transformation inside Russia, which he thinks will happen sooner or later."[13] In contrast, Agagianian called for a "heroically Christian" struggle against communism during his visit to Australia in 1959.[73]

Agagianian opposed the repatriation of Armenian Catholics from the Middle East to Soviet Armenia in 1946.[74] He noted that there was an intolerant environment in the Soviet Union towards religion and argued that "We [Armenian Catholics] are forced to remain as emigrants to preserve our church and faith."[75]

Reception in the Soviet Union

Agagianian's statements regarding repatriation of Armenians were received as defamation and hostile in the Soviet-controlled homeland.[75] In the early 1950s, Etchmiadzin, the Soviet-based official publication of the Armenian Apostolic Church, published articles severely criticizing Agagianian.[76][77] One article claimed that he was created cardinal in order to "damage the unity" and "disunite" the Armenian people. It also argued that Agagianian also held the "key to submitting the Oriental Orthodox churches of the Middle East (Coptic, Assyrian, Ethiopian, etc.) to the Catholic Church."[78] In another article, Agagianian was accused in "seek[ing] to bring Armenian believers under the control of the Vatican" and make them "anti-national [...] without an ideal and dignity [....] in short, a cosmopolitan crowd, which will serve the Turkish-American war machine."[79] After Stalin's death, relations improved. When Agagianian died, Vazgen I, head of the Armenian Apostolic Church, sent Pope Paul VI a letter mourning his death.[80]

Retirement and death

Agagianian effectively retired when he resigned as prefect on October 19, 1970, and was appointed Cardinal-Bishop of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano on October 22.[1][lower-alpha 8]

Agagianian died of cancer in Rome on May 16, 1971.[82][8] Pope Paul VI called him a "noble figure" upon Agagianian's death.[83] His funeral took place on May 21 at St. Peter's Basilica.[7] He was buried in Rome's San Nicola da Tolentino Armenian church. A monument to Agagianian has been erected inside the church, flanked by the virgin martyr Hripsime and St. Vartan.[84]

Reputation

File:S Nicola da Tolentino - tomba Aghagianian 1260325.JPG
The tomb of Agagianian at San Nicola da Tolentino, Rome

In 1966, Italian journalist Alberto Cavallari wrote that Agagianian is the "undisputed leader of non-European Catholicism. He is regarded by all as one of the most powerful cardinals in the Curia and is invested with autonomous powers equaled by none except the pope."[85] Upon his death, The New York Times wrote that "Despite his failure to win election from the Sacred College of Cardinals, [Agagianian] nevertheless made a major impact on the development of the [Catholic] church and its role in the newly developing nations."[15]

Agagianian has been called "the most celebrated Armenian Catholic in history."[62] He was the second Armenian Catholic churchman ever to be made cardinal, after Andon Bedros IX Hassoun in 1880.[13] Since Agagianian spent much of his adult life in Rome, he was "Romanized"[58] and spoke fluent Italian[86] with a Roman accent.[50] Richard McBrien wrote that Agagianian was "regarded by some, including fellow Eastern-rite Catholics, as more Roman than the Romans".[87]

Agagianian was a polyglot and renowned linguist.[2][17] He spoke fluent Armenian (his mother language),[2] Russian, Italian, French, English, and Latin and learned German, Spanish, classical Greek, Arabic.[15] He had "a working knowledge of the Slavic languages and [could] speak most of the languages of the Middle and Far East."[56] He was described as the College of Cardinals' "top linguist" in 1953.[88] Norman St John-Stevas wrote of him in 1955 as "a man of distinguished presence, a fine scholar."[72]

Honors and awards

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Honorary degrees
State orders and awards

Publications

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
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References

Notes

  1. ↑ "He was born a Russian subject [...] He now carries a Lebanese passport and will henceforth be a citizen of the Vatican."[2] "He is a globetrotter who travels on a Lebanese passport."[3]
  2. ↑ "he has been dividing his time between Beirut, Rome and visits to Armenian communities in many parts of the world"[2] "...shuttling between Rome and his residence at Beirut."[4] "Cardinal Agagianian, who is in Rome on one of his periodical visits, will live here permanently."[5]
  3. ↑ Agagianian Italian: [aɡadʒanjan] is the italianized version of his Armenian last name. The Armenian gh ʁ is replaced in Italian with a g ɡ and j is replaced with gi, both dʒ.
  4. ↑ classical spelling: Ղազարոս Աղաջանեան, reformed: Ղազարոս Աղաջանյան,[8] Western Armenian: Ղազարոս Աղաճանեան.[9] His first name is sometimes transliterated as Gazaros and anglicized as Lazarus.[10]
  5. ↑ In 1911 Malachia Ormanian estimated that Catholics comprised 10% of the 100,000 Armenians of Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe uezds.[12]
  6. ↑ "He was mentioned as a possibility in the 1958 conclave which elected John XXIII and again in the 1963 conclave which elected the present pope."[50]
  7. ↑ "The conclave had found itself choosing between the Armenian but Romanized Agagianian and the patriarch of Venice; it had chosen the latter: another Italian, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli..."[58] "The contest finally resolved itself, as so many people had predicted, into a straight-out issue between Italian Roncalli and non-Italian Agagianian."[59]
  8. ↑ On February 11, 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu propio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that Eastern Patriarchs who are elevated to the College of Cardinals would be made cardinal bishops and maintain their patriarchal see.[81] Since Agagianian was no longer patriarch, he remained a Cardinal-Priest with title to his titular church San Bartolomeo all'Isola. He only became Cardinal Bishop upon his appointment as the Cardinal-Bishop of Albano.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ()
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Healy 1961, p. 97.
  4. ↑ Healy 1961, p. 100.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ()
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (archived PDF
  11. ↑ According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (originally published in Window Quarterly, Volume V, No. 3 & 4, 1995; pp 11–13) PDF, archived
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Adalian 2010, p. 231.
  20. ↑ Adalian 2010, p. 232.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Whooley 2004, p. 422.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (archived)
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ "I remember Cardinal Agagianian. I remember when he came to visit Ireland. The people gave him a great welcome." – According to journalist Gerard O'Connell who conducted interviews for the following book: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[permanent dead link]
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Whooley 2004, p. 431.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ()
  63. ↑ Whooley 2004, p. 423.
  64. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; also published in Russian: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  83. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  91. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  92. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  93. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  94. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  95. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  97. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  98. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Patriarch Catholicos of Cilicia
30 November 1937 – 25 August 1962		 Succeeded by
Ignatius Bedros XVI Batanian
Preceded by Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
18 June 1958 – 19 October 1970		 Succeeded by
Agnelo Rossi

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