Henry, Duke of Cornwall

Henry, Duke of Cornwall was the name of two sons of King Henry VIII of England and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.

The first Henry, Duke of Cornwall

Henry
Duke of Cornwall
Born	1 January 1511
Died	23 February 1511 (aged days)
House	Tudor
Father	Henry VIII of England
Mother	Catherine of Aragon

The first Henry, Duke of Cornwall (1 January – 23 February 1511) was the second oldest child and heir apparent of King Henry VIII of England, born by Catherine of Aragon. The couple had already had a stillborn daughter.

Birth and Christening

He was born on 1 January 1511 at Richmond Palace, eighteen months after his parents' wedding and coronation, and was the first son and first living child born to King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Catherine had previously given birth to a stillborn daughter, on 31 January 1510. He was christened on 5 January in a lavish ceremony where beacons were lit in his honour. The christening gifts included a fine gold salt holder and cup weighing a total 99 ounces, given by Louis XII of France, his godfather. His other godparents were William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy. At the christening, the baby prince's great-aunt Lady Anne Howard stood proxy for Margaret of Habsburg, and Richard Foxe Bishop of Winchester stood proxy for the French King.

Celebrations and death

Henry and his queen planned extravagant celebrations rivalling that of their joint coronation for the birth of his son and heir, who immediately became Duke of Cornwall and was expected to become Prince of Wales, King of England, and third king of the House of Tudor. The tournament at Westminster was the most lavish of Henry's reign, and is recorded via a long illuminated vellum roll. Henry carried Catherine's favour in the tournament, riding under the banner of "Sir Loyal Heart" the relationship between the royal pair, already one of strong affection, had become even more of a love match because of Catherine's success in providing a male heir. Known as "Little Prince Hal" and "the New Year's Boy", the prince was fondly regarded by Henry's court. However, on 23 February 1511, the young prince died suddenly. The cause of his death was not recorded.

He received a state funeral at Westminster Abbey. It was another two years until the Queen again became pregnant. There is no known picture of Prince Henry.

Contemporary reports state that both parents were distraught at the loss of their second child and expected future king. The deeply religious Catherine spent many hours kneeling on cold stone floors praying, to the worry of courtiers. Henry distracted himself from his grief by waging war against Louis XII of France with his father-in-law, Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Henry, Duke of Cornwall House of Tudor Born: 1 January 1511 Died: 23 February 1511
Peerage of England
Vacant Title last held by Henry VIII	Duke of Cornwall 1 January – 23 February 1511	Vacant Title next held by Henry Tudor

The second Henry, Duke of Cornwall

Henry
Duke of Cornwall
Born	November 1513
Died	November 1513 (aged 0 days)
House	Tudor
Father	Henry VIII of England
Mother	Catherine of Aragon

The second Henry, Duke of Cornwall (November 1513) was the third child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. By 1513, Catherine was pregnant again. On 30 June of that year, she was left as regent in England when Henry VIII went to fight in France. In November, she went into labour prematurely and gave birth to a son, Henry, Duke of Cornwall. The child died shortly after birth and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Henry, Duke of Cornwall House of Tudor Born: November 1513 Died: November 1513
Peerage of England
Vacant Title last held by Henry Tudor	Duke of Cornwall November 1513	Vacant Title next held by Henry Tudor

Impact of Henry, Duke of Cornwall's death on history

Historians have speculated as to the course English history might have taken, had either of the two Henrys, Duke of Cornwall, or any other legitimate son survived. Given that Henry's search for a male heir, after Catherine's failure to give birth to any more live sons, was the cited reason which led him to have their marriage annulled, a living male child might have at least forestalled, or even prevented, the marriage to Anne Boleyn and placed England in a different relationship with Roman Catholicism during the Protestant Reformation.

This theme has also been explored in some alternative history science fiction, such as Kingsley Amis' The Alteration (1976), in which another alternative history English Reformation is depicted, even without the succession crisis caused by the absence of a male heir until the birth of Edward VI to Henry and Jane Seymour. However, Amis' book within a book does not specify whether this alternative history Henry IX is any specific son of Henry VIII.

Ancestry

Family of Henry, Duke of Cornwall

16. Owen Tudor               8. Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond                       17. Catherine of Valois               4. Henry VII of England                             18. John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset               9. Margaret Beaufort                       19. Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso               2. Henry VIII of England                                   20. Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York               10. Edward IV of England                       21. Cecily Neville               5. Elizabeth of York                             22. Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers               11. Elizabeth Woodville                       23. Jacquetta of Luxembourg               1. Henry, Duke of Cornwall                                         24. Ferdinand I of Aragon               12. John II of Aragon                       25. Eleanor of Alburquerque               6. Ferdinand II of Aragon                             26. Fadrique Enríquez, Count of Melba and Rueda               13. Juana Enríquez                       27. Mariana de Córdoba               3. Catherine of Aragon                                   28. Henry III of Castile               14. John II of Castile                       29. Catherine of Lancaster               7. Isabella I of Castile                             30. Infante João, Lord of Reguengos               15. Infanta Isabel of Portugal                       31. Isabella of Barcelos

References

• page 152
• page 237