Hugh Pollard (intelligence officer)

Hugh Pollard
File:Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard.png Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard. Author, firearms expert and secret service agent
Born	(1888-01-06)6 January 1888 London, England
Died	March 1966 Midhurst district, Sussex, England
Citizenship	British
Occupation	Intelligence agent, Writer
Notable work	A History of Firearms, Automatic Pistols, The Book of the Pistol and Revolver, The Story of Ypres, A Busy Time in Mexico: An Unconventional Record Of a Mexican Incident, Fox Hunting - The Mystery Of Scent, British & American Game-birds, The Secret Societies of Ireland, Their Rise and Progress, Hard Up on Pegasus, The Keeper's Book; a Guide to the Duties of a Gamekeeper
Spouse(s)	Ruth M Gibbons

Major Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard (born London 6 January, 1888: died Midhurst district March, 1966) was an author, firearms expert, and a British SOE officer. He is chiefly known for his intelligence work during the Irish War of Independence and for the events of July 1936, when he and Cecil Bebb flew General Francisco Franco from the Canary Islands to Morocco, thereby helping to trigger the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. He was the author of many published works on weaponry, in particular on sporting firearms.

Career

Ireland 1919-1921

During the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921), Pollard was Press Officer of the Information Section of the Royal Irish Constabulary. Together with the Section secretary, Captain William Darling, he produced the Weekly Summary, a weekly newspaper distributed to the police forces in Ireland. The crudeness of this paper and its ambivalent attitude toward reprisals 'resulted in much negative publicity for the Crown forces and the Irish Administration'.

He was also directly involved in two particularly bungled attempts at 'black propaganda'. One was the attempt to produce and distribute a fake version of the Irish Bulletin, the gazette of the Irish Republicans. The fraud was quickly exposed and the reliability of information emanating from Crown sources in Ireland severely damaged. A second incident involved the bizarre attempt to fake a military engagement in County Kerry (reported as the 'Battle of Tralee'). The press-release included photographs of the purported scene of the battle. These were republished in a number of Irish and English papers before the actual location was identified as Vico Road in Dalkey, a quiet seaside Dublin suburb. The entire event had been staged by Pollard and Captain Garro-Jones, a colleague of Major Cecil Street, and was without foundation. In December 1920 in the House of Commons, the British government denied any knowledge of these pictures or the circumstances in which they were produced.

Following the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Pollard recorded his interpretation of the history of Irish nationalist organisations in Secret Societies of Ireland, Their Rise and Progress. He alleged that the Lord Mayor of Cork, Tomás Mac Curtain had been assassinated by the Irish Republican Brotherhood, rather than by forces acting for the British government.

Spanish Civil War

a de Havilland Dragon Rapide aircraft

Pollard was a devout Roman Catholic and a supporter of the Nationalist cause in Spain in the years leading up to the Spanish Civil War. He and a former MI6 colleague Cecil Bebb played an important role in the events leading up to the outbreak of hostilities. At 07.15 on the morning of July 11, 1936, Pollard left Croydon airport, London, in a de Havilland Dragon Rapide aircraft, piloted by Bebb, and accompanied by two young women, his daughter, Diana and a friend, Dorothy Watson. The flight log records that the aircraft was bound for the Canary Islands. The purpose of the flight was to collect General Franco from the Canaries and fly him to Tetuán in Morocco, at that time a Spanish colony, where the Spanish African Army was garrisoned.

The Madrid government recognized that Franco was a danger to the Spanish Republic, and had sent him to the Canaries in order to keep him away from political intrigue. Had a Spanish plane flown to the islands, the authorities would most likely have been alerted, but the British aircraft attracted little or no attention. Pollard, Bebb and Franco arrived in Tetuan on July 19 and the General quickly set about organising Spanish Moroccan troops to participate in the coming coup.

It is possible that British intelligence services may have been complicit in the flight, which was planned over lunch at Simpsons-in-the-Strand, where Douglas Francis Jerrold, the conservative Roman Catholic Editor of the English Review (and also a British intelligence officer), met with the journalist Luis Bolín, London correspondent of the monarchist and right wing ABC newspaper and later Franco's senior press advisor. Jerrold and Bolin then persuaded Pollard plus his daughter Diana, and a friend to join the enterprise as "cover".

However it is not clear yet how much the British government knew or was involved in these activities of British Intelligence officers actively aiding Franco, or if they were in fact acting on their own. Britain remained officially neutral throughout the duration of the Spanish Civil War.

Later life

In 1940, once Franco had seized power, Pollard became the MI6 station chief in Madrid.

Pollard listed his hobbies in Who's Who as "hunting and shooting". Douglas Jerrold of The English Review said of him that he "looked and behaved like a German Crown Prince and had a habit of letting off revolvers in any office he happened to visit".

Pollard's personal SOE file has recently been released, revealing him to have been an experienced British intelligence officer. When considering Pollard for a place in SOE, one officer wrote: "Certain jobs Pollard apparently could do well, but he was definitely unreliable where money and drink was concerned". He was also a skilled linguist and an expert in firearms, and had a good deal of personal experience of wars and revolutions, such as those in Mexico and Morocco.

Author and firearms expert

Pollard was a much-published expert on firearms, having written the 'small arms' section in the official War Office textbook. His history of the Second Battle of Ypres is still in print today.

• The Book of the Pistol and Revolver, London, McBride, Nast & Co., 1917.
• Automatic Pistols, London, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, 1920.
• Shot-Guns; Their History and Development, London, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons, 1923.
• A History of Firearms, London, Geoffrey Bles, 1926.
• The Gun Room Guide, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1930.
• Game Birds and Game Bird Shooting, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1936.
• The Story of Ypres, at Internet Archive also ISBN 978-1-103-81240-0
• A Busy Time in Mexico: An Unconventional Record Of a Mexican Incident, Internet Archive also ISBN 978-0-217-66092-1
• Fox Hunting - The Mystery Of Scent
• British & American Game-birds, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1939
• The Secret Societies of Ireland, Their Rise and Progress Internet Archive (1922)
• Hard Up on Pegasus, by Hugh B C Pollard, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1931. ASIN: B0006ALQ7A
• The keeper's book; a guide to the duties of a gamekeeper (1910) with Sir Peter Jeffrey Mackie

See also

• Cairo Gang

References

• Alpert, Michael, A New international history of the Spanish Civil War Retrieved March 6, 2010
• King, Harry, Going To Live In Spain: a Practical Guide To Enjoying a New Lifestyle In The Sun Retrieved March 6, 2010
• Macklin, Graham D., Major Hugh Pollard, MI6, and the Spanish Civil War, The Historical Journal (2006), 49:277-280, Cambridge University Press.
• Preston, Paul, Doves of War: Four Women of Spain Retrieved March 6, 2010
• Riess, Curt, They Were There: The Story of World War II And How It Came About Retrieved March 6, 2010
• Riling, Ray, Guns and Shooting, a Bibliography, New York, Greenberg, 1951

External links

• Pollard at Amazon.co.uk Retrieved March 6, 2010
• Article on Bebb and Pollard's flight at randompottins.blogspot Retrieved March 6, 2010
• Photo of Pollard at www.cairogang.com Retrieved January 2012