Legal case management

This article is about the legal term. For other uses, see Case management.

The terms Legal case management (LCM) or matter management refer to a subset of law practice management and cover a range of approaches and technologies used by law firms and courts to leverage knowledge and methodologies for managing the life cycle of a case or matter more effectively. Generally, the terms refer to the sophisticated information management and workflow practices that are tailored to meet the legal field's specific needs and requirements.

As attorneys and law firms compete for clients they are routinely challenged to deliver services at lower costs with greater efficiency, thus firms develop practice-specific processes and utilize contemporary technologies to assist in meeting such challenges. Law practice management processes and technologies include case and matter management, time and billing, litigation support, research, communication and collaboration, data mining and modeling, and data security, storage, and archive accessibility.

Case management software

Legal case or matter management software has two primary functions: it helps to better use, manage, consolidate, share, and protect information, and it tracks and shapes the business process. Because the most useful forms of such software can integrate data from multiple systems, departments, users, and business entities, its use can increase a firm's business advantage.

Case or matter management systems having the capacity to push and pull data over the Internet, whether within the software itself or within an integrated software framework or environment became an industry standard with the advent of the Lexis and Westlaw legal research platforms.

Case management software is marketed to specific segments of the legal marketplace, with some products designed for small firms and others for large multinational firms, and a few claim to be scalable to all. Cost-containment and competition concerns facing small-to-mid-size firms that cannot afford a full-time IT staff often drive custom solutions incorporating multiple integrated products.

In-house legal departments

In-house legal teams (in the public and private sectors) have their own needs: generally these require less emphasis on billing and accounts (since clients tend to be internal), and even more on traceability, real-time integration and configurability. The need to improve productivity of the team and reduce costs to taxpayers, or the business, is often a key driver. Some in-house teams have reduced their external legal bills by using case management software to increase their capacity and bring case work in-house.

Case management in the U.S. federal courts

As electronic court systems continue to increase their online presence, many now require case filings to be accomplished electronically. Many legal software vendors' products include the ability to take advantage of such electronic filing by pulling data from the case management product and pushing it into court filing systems.

The Human Rights Alert (HRA NGO) submission for the 2015 Universal Periodic Review of human rights in the United States by the United Nations Human Rights Council focused on invalidity and lack of integrity in the case management systems of the US federal courts, PACER and CM/ECF, and their employment for the abuse of human rights.

The submission was incorporated by reference into the Summary of Stakeholders' Information under the section "Administration of justice, including impunity and the rule of law":

57. HRA NGO recommended restoring the integrity of the IT systems of the courts, under accountability to the Congress, with the goal of making such systems as transparent as possible to the public at large.193 (Summary of stakeholders' information, page 7)

Case management in the Israeli courts

The Human Rights Alert (HRA NGO) submission for the 2013 Universal Periodic Review of human rights in Israel by the United Nations Human Rights Council focused on invalidity and lack of integrity in the case management systems of the Israeli courts, including Net-HaMishpat, the case management system of the district and magistrate courts, and their employment for the abuse of human rights.

The submission was incorporated by reference into the Professional Staff Report of the 2013 United Nations Universal Periodic Review of human rights in Israel, with the note:

Lack of integrity in the electronic records of the Supreme Court, the district courts and the detainees courts in Israel" (page 4, paragraph 25)

e-Discovery systems

In litigation, the discovery process often results in enormous amounts of information that must be managed, and with the revision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 2006 to include electronic means of discovery came a new subset of case management systems that incorporated those changes, often dubbed 'electronic evidence' or 'e-discovery' management systems. Since the new rules took effect, e-Discovery firms as outside service vendors have flourished.

Case management and the regulation of mediation in Australia

The term case management is also used to refer to systems in which court or tribunal officials assume closer administrative control over the litigation process than is traditionally associated with common law litigation. The Assisted Dispute Resolution program was introduced into the Federal Court in 1990 after a number of cases failed to reach resolutions having several directional hearings. In those cases the parties were not able to isolate the issues requiring determination. With the new program, judges can refer the parties to a court registrar for mediation. The following section was introduced into the Federal Court of Australia Act in 1991:

Subject to the Rules of Court, the Court may, with the consent of the parties to proceedings in the Court, by order refer the proceedings, or any part of them or any matter arising out of them to a mediator or an arbitrator for mediation or arbitration as the case may be….

In Australia, mediation as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) method is designed to avoid resorting to formal court-based adjudication and is now also being applied to criminal matters. Traditional theories of criminal justice view the matter as one between the offender and the state.

It is not necessary to have the parties consent to the mediation process and a judge can direct the mediation. In this sense, case management is designed to identify and define issues in dispute and to reduce delays, costs and unnecessary pre-trial activities.

‘[W]hat was born of resistance and opposition to the formal justice system has been extensively integrated and co-opted into the system’.

See also

• Community of practice
• Competitive intelligence
• Complexity theory and organizations
• Computer-supported collaboration
• Corporate memory
• e-learning
• Enterprise content management
• Enterprise search
• Enterprise social software
• Expert system
• Information management
• Intellectual capital
• Knowledge
• Knowledge ecosystems
• Knowledge base
• Knowledge management for development
• Knowledge sharing
• Knowledge transfer
• Law
• Law practice management software
• Legal matter management
• Organizational learning
• Personal knowledge management
• Procedural knowledge

External links

• American Bar Association ABA Law Practice Technology Resources
• Case Management White Papers from Law.com
• Vendor List: Case Management Solutions for Law Firms - Hyperion Research [9]
• Vendor List: Matter Management Software for Corporate Law Departments - Hyperion Research [10]