List of marine bony fishes of South Africa

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This is a sublist of the List of marine fishes of South Africa for bony fishes recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa. This list comprises locally used common names, scientific names with author citation and recorded ranges. Ranges specified may not be the entire known range for the species, but should include the known range within the waters surrounding the Republic of South Africa.

List ordering and taxonomy complies where possible with the current usage in Wikispecies, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region. Sub-taxa within any given Taxon are arranged alphabetically as a general rule. Details of each species may be available through the relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful.

File:Marine species distribution reference map Southern Africa.png
Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements


Superclass Osteichthyes — Bony fishes

All entries in this list are included in this superclass. There are two classes represented: Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii.

Class Actinopterygii — Ray-finned fishes

Subclass Neopterygii

Only one Infraclass - Teleostei - is represented.

Superorder Acanthopterygii — Spiny finned fishes

See article List of marine spiny-finned fishes of South Africa

Superorder Clupeomorpha

Order Clupeiformes

Family: Chirocentridae — Wolfherrings

Family: Clupeidae — Herrings, sardines and pilchards

Family: Engraulidae — Anchovies

Superorder Cyclosquamata

Order Aulopiformes

Suborder: Alepisauroidei

Family: Alepisauridae — Lancetfishes

  • Omosudis lowei Günther, 1887 (1 specimen from not far off east coast at about 25°S; otherwise known from all oceans between 40°S and 40°N)[1]
  • Shortsnout lancetfish Alepisaurus brevirostris Gibbs, 1960 (one specimen from off Algoa Bay; in all major oceans)[1]
  • Longsnout lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833 (Walvis Bay to Sodwana Bay; in all major oceans)[1]

Family: Evermannellidae — Sabretooth fishes

  • Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928) (central water areas of all 3 major oceans; off western and south-western Cape coast, 1 specimen from 31°34'S, 30°09'E)[1]
  • Evermanella balbo (Risso, 1820) (4 specimens fromm off southern Natal, presumed to be circumglobal in transition region of southern oceans)[1]

Family: Paralepididae — Barracudinas (incl. Anotopteridae — Daggertooths)

Family: Scopelarchidae — Pearleyes

Suborder: Chlorophthalmoidei

Family: Bathysauropsidae

Family: Chlorophthalmidae — Greeneyes

Family: Ipnopidae

Family: Notosudidae — Notosudids

Suborder: Giganturoidei

Family: Bathysauridae

Family: Giganturidae — Telescopefish

  • Rosaura indica (Brauer, 1901) (Tropical/subtropical in all 3 major oceans; Indian ocean from 35°49'S, 23°09'E northwards)[1]

Suborder: Synodontoidei

Family: Synodontidae — Lizardfishes

Superorder Elopomorpha

Order Albuliformes — Bonefishes

Family: Albulidae

Order Anguilliformes — Eels

Suborder: Anguilloidei

Family: Anguillidae — Freshwater eels

Family: Moringuidae — Spaghetti eels

Family: Chlopsidae — False morays

Family: Muraenidae — Moray eels

Suborder: Congroidei

Family: Congridae — Conger eels

Family: Derichthyidae — Longneck eels

Family: Muraenesocidae — Pike congers

Family: Nettastomatidae — Witch eels

Family: Ophichthidae — Snake-eels and worm-eels

Crocodile snake-eel Brachysomophis crocodilinus (Bennett, 1833) (Natal, Tanzania, Seychelles, Mauritius and Indo-Pacific)[1]

Suborder: Nemichthyoidei

Family: Nemichthyidae — Snipe eels

Family: Serrivomeridae — Sawtooth eels

Suborder: Synaphobranchoidei

Family: Synaphobranchidae — Cutthroat eels

Order Elopiformes

Family: Elopidae — Ladyfishes

Family: Megalopidae — Tarpons

Order Notacanthiformes

Family: Halosauridae — Halosaurs

Family: Notacanthidae — Spiny eels

Order Saccopharyngiformes

Familia: Cyematidae — Arrow eels

Superorder Lampridiomorpha

Order Lampridiformes

Family: Lamprididae — Opahs (Lampridae in Smiths)

  • Spotted opah Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) (all oceans but not in polar waters, occurs throughout Soath African waters, usually well offshore)[1]
  • Southern opah Lampris immaculatus Gilchrist, 1904 (Circumglobal south of 30°S)[1]

Family: Lophotidae — Crestfishes

  • Unicorn crestfish Eumecichthys fiski (Günther, 1890) (1 specimen, Kalk Bay in False Bay)[1]
  • Crestfish Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 (Cape to Plettenberg Bay, rare but widely distributed in all oceans)[1]

Family: Radiicephalidae — Tapertail

Family: Regalecidae — Oarfishes

Family: Stylephoridae — Tube-eye

  • Stylephorus chordatus Shaw, 1791 (Three specimens taken off the east coast between 31°51'S - 33°10'S, 28°17'E - 30°01'E)[1]

Family: Trachipteridae — Ribbonfishes

Superorder Ostariophysi

Order Gonorynchiformes

Family: Chanidae

Family: Gonorynchidae — Beaked sandfish

Order Siluriformes — Catfishes

Family: Ariidae &mdash Sea catfishes

Family: Plotosidae — Eel catfishes

Superorder Paracanthopterygii

Order Batrachoidiformes

Family: Batrachoididae — Toadfishes

Order Gadiformes

Family: Bregmacerotidae — Codlets

Family: Gadidae — Cods

Family: Macrouridae — Grenadiers

Family: Melanonidae — Melanonids

  • Melanonus gracilis Günther, 1878 (Circum-Antarctic south of Subtropical convergence; off Cape Peninsula)[1]

Family: Merlucciidae — Hakes

Family: Moridae — Deepsea cods

Order Lophiiformes — Anglerfishes

Suborder: Antennarioidei

Family: Antennariidae — Anglers

  • Freckled angler Antennarius coccineus (Lesson, 1831) (Natal; throughout Indian ocean, Red Sea and tropical Pacific to Hawaiian islands; Tropical and eastern Pacific off Costa Rica and Cocos and Galapagos islands)[1]
  • Big angler Antennarius commersoni (Latreille, 1804) (Natal, Red Sea and tropical Indo-West Pacific to Hawaiian islands)[1]
  • Shaggy angler Antennarius hispidus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Indo-West Pacific, south to Knysna)[1]
  • Painted angler Antennarius pictus (Shaw and Nodder, 1794) (Durban to Zanzibar and tropical Indo-West Pacific to Hawaii)[1][2]
  • Striped angler Antennarius striatus (Shaw and Nodder, 1794) (Algoa Bay through Indo-West Pacific to Hawaiian islands)[1]
  • Pygmy angler Antennarius tuberosus (Cuvier, 1817) (Natal, Maputo, Madagascar, Aldabra islands, and throughout Indo-West Pacific including Hawaiian and Line islands, and Taumotu Archipelago to Pitcairn island)[1][2]
  • Sargassum fish Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cape Point to Mozambique)[1][2]

Suborder: Lophioidei

Family: Lophiidae — Monks

Suborder: Ogcocephalioidei

Superfamily: Ceratioidea

Family: Ceratiidae — Seadevils

  • Ceratias holboelli Krøyer, 1845 (single specimen off Cape Town at 34°12'S, 16°35'E; Nearly cosmopolitan in the world's oceans)[1]
  • Ceratias tentaculatus (Norman, 1930) (Specimens from off Dealagoa bay, off southern Natal, off Saldanha bay. Throughout southern oceans)[1]
  • Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883 (off Cape of Good Hope, all major oceans)[1]

Family: Himantolophidae — Footballfish

Family: Linophrynidae — Dwarf anglers

Family: Melanocetidae — Devil-anglers

Superfamily: Chaunacioidea

Family: Chaunacidae — Coffinfishes

Superfamily: Ogcocephalioidea

Family: Ogcocephalidae — Seabats

Order Ophidiiformes

Family: Aphyonidae — Aphyonids

Family: Bythitidae — Bythitids or Brotulas

Family: Carapidae — Pearlfishes

Family: Ophidiidae — Cuskeels

Family: Parabrotulidae — False brotulas

Superorder Polymixiomorpha

Order Polymixiiformes

Family: Polymixiidae — Beardfishes

  • Pacific beardfish Polymixia berndti Gilbert, 1905 (Off Natal, Kenya, Philippines, Japan and Hawaii)[1]

Superorder Protacanthopterygii

Order Argentiniformes

Suborder: Alepocephaloidei

Family: Alepocephalidae — Slickheads

Family: Leptochilichthyidae

Suborder: Argentinoidei

Family: Argentinidae — Argentines

Family: Opisthoproctidae — Barreleyes

Family: Microstomatidae

Subfamily: Bathylaginae — Deep sea smelts

Superorder Scopelomorpha — Lanternfishes

Order Myctophiformes

Family: Myctophidae — Lanternfishes

  • Benthosema fibulatum (Gilbert and Cramer, 1897) (Indian ocean (18°N - 20°S), to 42°S in Agulhas current)[1]
  • Benthosema suborbitale (Gilbert, 1913) (tropical distribution in 3 major oceans, extensions to 50°S and 50°N in western boundary currents)[1]
  • Bolinichthys indicus (Nafpaktitis and Nafpaktitis, 1969) (Indian ocean (20° - 45°S); Atlantic (20° - 50°N and 20° - 40°S))[1]
  • Bolinichthys supralateralis (Parr, 1928) (off Cape Peninsula and in Agulgas current; Atlantic (40°N - 02°S and 32° to 40°S); Indian ocean (21° - 30°S); west coast of Australia and near Hawaii)[1]
  • Centrobranchus nigroocellatus (Günther, 1873) (Atlantic (40°N - 36°S); Indian ocean (08° - 34°S) and off Chile and New Zealand)[1]
  • Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken, 1892) (Atlantic(42°N - 40°S); Indian ocean (20°N - 45°S);tropical/subtropical Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus brachycephalus Tåning, 1928 (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets; broadly tropical in Atlantic and Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus diadematus Tåning, 1928 (in Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets and warmed upwelled central water northwards to 18°S; Indian ocean (02°N - 38°S, and in Mozambique channel, but absent in central sector)[1]
  • Diaphus dumerilii (Bleeker, 1856) (off west coast as pseudoceanic pelagic species southward to 23°S)[1]
  • Diaphus effulgens (Goode and Bean, 1896) (off all SA coasts)[1]
  • Diaphus garmani (Gilbert, 1906)(east coast continental shelf/slope southwards to about 26°S)[1]
  • Diaphus hudsoni (Zubrigg and Scott, 1976) (From 18°S off west coast to 27°S off east coast)[1]
  • Diaphus jenseni Tåning, 1932 (one record at 33°49'S, 27°48'E; Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus lucidus (Goode and Bean, 1896) (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets. Atlantic(40°N - 38°S, but absent in Benguela upwelling region); also Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus luetkeni (Brauer, 1904) (In Agulhas current to 37°S. Atlantic (42°N - 11°S) also Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus meadi Nafpaktitis, 1978 (In upwelled waters off west coast northwards to at least 21°S. Circumglobal convergence species (32° - 41°S))[1]
  • Diaphus metopoclampus Cocco, 1829 South of 29°S off west coast and 27°S off east coast. Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus mollis Tåning, 1928 (off all SA coasts, Broadly tropical distribution in all major oceans)[1]
  • Diaphus nielseni Nafpaktitis, 1978 (taken once from Agulhas current (30°17'S, 31°25'E); off east coast of Madagascar, in Mozambique channel, and from southeast Asian seas to southern Japan)[1]
  • Diaphus ostenfeldi Tåning, 1932 (off west coast northwards to about 23°S; Circumglobal convergence species (35° - 45°S))[1]
  • Diaphus parri Tåning, 1932 (in Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets, Indian ocean (10°N - 12°S with extension to 25°S in Mozambique channel), southeast Asian seas and Pacific (tropical waters west of 95°W))[1]
  • Diaphus perspicillatus (Ogilby,1898) (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets. Broadly tropical species in Atlantic (45°N - 36°S, but absent in southeastern sector); Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus problematicus Parr, 1928 (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets. Atlantic(40°N - 39°S but absent south of 13°S in eastern sector); tropical Indo-Pacific with extensions into higher latitudes in western boundary currents)[1]
  • Diaphus richardsoni Tåning, 1932 (Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets)[1]
  • Diaphus splendidus (Brauer, 1904) (in Agulhas current southward to 31°S; Atlantic (40°N to 28°S, but absent south of 10°S in eastern sector); Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Diaphus taaningi Norman, 1930 (over west coast continental shelf/slope southward to 24°S. Amphitropical species in Atlantic(western sector; tropical waters to 42°N; eastern sector: southward from Mauretanian upwelling region to South African region)[1]
  • Diaphus watasei Jordan and Starks, 1904 (Over east coast continental shelf/slope southwards to about 30°S)[1]
  • Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning, 1928) (Atlantic (50°N - 48°S), Indian ocean (22° - 45°S) and Pacific (35°N - 35°S, but absent in equatorial waters west of 130°W and near Hawaii)[1]
  • Diogenichthys panurgus Bolin, 1946 (In Agulhas current to about 38°S and in Indian ocean (19°N - 05°S))[1]
  • Electrona risso (Cocco, 1829) (off east and west coasts of South Africa. Widespread in Atlantic (55°N - 40°S), Mediterranean, Indian ocean (0° - 40°S), Tasman sea and Cook Strait, and eastern Pacific (42°N - 20°S))[1]
  • Gonichthys barnesi Whitley, 1943 (Off east and west coasts, south of 30°S. Convergence species in all 3 oceans (30° - 40°S))[1]
  • Gymnoscopelus braueri (Lönnberg, 1905) (Circumglobal between Subtropical convergence and Antarctica)[1]
  • Gymnoscopelus piabilis (Whitley, 1931) (off west coast in Benguela upwelling region)[1]
  • Hygophum hanseni (Tåning, 1932) (From 30°S on west coast to 33°S on east coast. Convergence species (30° to 43°S) in all 3 oceans)[1]
  • Hygophum hygomii (Lütken, 1892) (West of Cape Peninsula and off east coast (25° - 37°S))[1]
  • Hygophum proximum Bekker, 1965) (South to about 37°S in Agulhas current; Indian ocean (25°N - 10°S))[1]
  • Lampadena luminosa (Garman, 1899) (In Agulhas current. In all 3 oceans (20°N - 20°S) with extensions into higher latitudes in western boundary currents)[1]
  • Lampadena notialis Nafpaktitis and Paxton, 1968 (Off east coast and cape peninsula; convergence species in all 3 oceans)[1]
  • Lampadena speculigera Goode and Bean, 1896 (Off west and southeast coasts. Atlantic (66° - 35°N and 35° - 45°S), Indian ocean (30° to 45°S) and Pacific ocean (30° - 45°S))[1]
  • Onderbaadjie Lampanyctodes hectoris (Common in Benguela uprising region)[1]
  • Lampanyctus achirus Andriashev, 1962 (Southern Benguela upwelling region, off south and east coasts, north to about 31°S)[1]
  • Lampanyctus alatus Goode and Bean, 1896 (Off all South African coasts; Atlantic (46°N - 38°S), Indian ocean (0° - 39°S)[1]
  • Lampanyctus ater Tåning, 1928 (Off all South African coasts; Atlantic (58° - 17°N and 15° - 40°S) and Indian ocean (12° - 44°S))[1]
  • Lampanyctus australis Tåning, 1932 (Off all South African coasts; Circumglobal convergence species(33° - 43°S with northern extension to about 27°S in eastern boundary currents))[1]
  • Lampanyctus festivus Tåning, 1928 (off all South African coasts. Atlantic(53° - 18°N and 28° - 40°S with northern extension to 12°S in Benguela current and Indo-West Pacific.)[1]
  • Lampanyctus intricarius Tåning, 1928 (In southern Benguela upwelling region. Atlantic (65° - 32°N and region of subtropical convergence) and Indo-Pacific (region of subtropical convergence, with northern extension to 18°S in eastern boundary currents)[1]
  • Lampanyctus lepidolychnus Bekker, 1967 (off all South African coasts, circumglobal convergence species (23° - 48°S))[1]
  • Lampanyctus lineatus Tåning, 1928 (Taken once at 34°12'S, 16°35'E)[1]
  • Lampanyctus macdonaldi (Goode and Bean, 1896) (West of Cape Peninsula, Circumglobal between subtropical convergence and Antarctic polar front)[1]
  • Lampanyctus nobilis Tåning, 1928 (In agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets. Atlantic (40°N - 21°S), Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Lampanyctus pusillus (Johnson, 1890) (Off all South African coasts. Bisubtropical species in all major oceans)[1]
  • Lampanyctus turneri (Fowler, 1934) (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets. Tropical and subtropical waters between south China sea and western Indian ocean)[1]
  • Lampichthys procerus (Brauer, 1904) (Off Cape Peninsula, circumglobal convergence species (32° - 48°S) with extensions into lower latitudes in eastern boundary currents)[1]
  • Lobianchia dofleini (Zugmayer, 1911) (Off all South African coasts. Mediterranean, Atlantic (50°N - 40°S), Indian ocean (23° - 38°S), Tasman sea and south Pacific(region of subtropical convergence))[1]
  • Lobianchia gemellarii (Cocco, 1838) (off all South African coasts. Worldwide in tropical/subtropical waters.)[1]
  • Metelectrona ventralis (Bekker, 1063) (West of Cape Peninsula in Southern Benguela upwelling region; Curcumglobal subantarctic species (36°-51°S))[1]
  • Myctophum asperum Richardson, 1845 (off east coast and in Agulhas water pockets off west coast.)[1]
  • Myctophum aurolaternatum Garman, 1899 (in Agulhas current south to about 31°S)[1]
  • Myctophum nitidulum Garman, 1809 (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets)[1]
  • Myctophum obtusirostre Tåning, 1928 (In Agulhas current and off west coast in pockets of Agulhas water)[1]
  • Myctophum phengodes (Lütken, 1892) (Off all South African coasts)[1]
  • Myctophum selenops Tåning, 1928 (West of Cape Peninsula in Agulhas water pockets)[1]
  • Myctophum spinosum (Steindachner, 1867) (In Agulhas current and off west coast in Agulhas water pockets)[1]
  • Notolychnus valdiviae (Brauer, 1904) (off all South African coasts)[1]
  • Notoscopelus caudispinosus (Johnson, 1863) (in Agulhas current south to 34°S. Broadly tropical in Atlantic (42°N - 37°S) and Indian oceans)[1]
  • Notoscopelus resplendens (Richardson, 1845) (off all South African coasts)[1]
  • Protomyctophum subparallelum Tåning, 1932 (off west coast at Vema seamount, Circumglobal in region of subtropical convergence with northern extension to 30°S in eastern boundary currents)[1]
  • Protomyctophum normani Tåning, 1932 (once west of Slangkop lighthouse; Circumglobal convergence species (36° - 43°S))[1]
  • Scopelopsis multipunctatus Brauer, 1906 (off all South African coasts)[1]
  • Symbolophorus barnardi (Tåning, 1932) (occurs off all South African coasts)[1]
  • Symbolophorus boops (Richardson, 1845) (Southern Benguela upwelling region north to 25°S; circumglobal in and south of subtropical convergence)[1]
  • Symbolophorus evermanni (Gilbert, 1905) (Agilhas current south to about 33°S; tropical Indo-Pacific)[1]
  • Taaningichthys bathyphilus (Tåning, 1928) (off east coast (30° - 33°S); widespread in all three oceans)[1]
  • Taaningichthys minimus (Tåning, 1928) (taken at 34°15'S, 16°00'E; Atlantic (40&deg - 20°N and 08° - 38°S), Indian ocean (20° - 30°S); central and eastern North Pacific)[1]
  • Triphoturus nigrescens (Brauer, 1904) (In Agulhas current south to about 40°S; Indian ocean (08°N - 15°S) and Pacific ocean (30°N - 30°S))[1]

Family: Neoscopelidae — Blackchins

Superorder Stenopterygii

Order Ateleopodiformes

Family: Ateleopodidae — Tadpole fishes

Order Stomiiformes

Suborder: Gonostomatoidei

Family: Gonostomatidae — Bristlemouths

Family: Phosichthyidae — Lightfishes

Family: Sternoptychidae — Hatchetfishes

Subfamily: Maurolicinae

Subfamily: Sternoptychinae

Family: Stomiidae

Subfamily: Astronesthinae — Snaggletooths

  • Astronesthes boulangeri Gilchrist, 1902 (southeast of Cape Point, Circumpolar between 30° and 40°S)[1]
  • Astronesthes indicus Brauer, 1902 (Circumglobal in tropical waters, Taken between 33° and 35°S on Atlantic side)[1]
  • Astronesthes martensii Klunzinger, 1871 (Indonesia to Red Sea and south to Durban)[1]
  • Borostomias mononema (Regan and Trewavas, 1929) (mainly in tropical waters of Atlantic and Indian oceans, Reported from Atlantic side at about 28°S and from Indian ocean to about 25°S)[1]
  • Neonesthes capensis (Gilchrist and von Bonde, 1924) (off South Africa, Subtropical/temperate waters of all oceans)[1]

Subfamily: Idiacanthinae — Sawtail-fishes

Subfamily: Malacosteinae — Loosejaws

  • Aristostomias polydactylus Regan and Trewavas, 1930 (Taken once on Atlantic side, once on Indian ocean side of the area, occurs in all three major oceans)[1]
  • Malacosteus niger Ayres, 1848 (Tropical and subtropical in all three major oceans)[1]

Subfamily: Melanostomiinae — Scaleless dragonfishes

Subfamily: Stomiinae — Scaly dragonfishes

Class Sarcopterygii — Lobefin fishes

Subclass Actinistia

Order Coelacanthiformes — Coelacanths

Family: Latimeriidae

References

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  1. ↑ 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.006 1.007 1.008 1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013 1.014 1.015 1.016 1.017 1.018 1.019 1.020 1.021 1.022 1.023 1.024 1.025 1.026 1.027 1.028 1.029 1.030 1.031 1.032 1.033 1.034 1.035 1.036 1.037 1.038 1.039 1.040 1.041 1.042 1.043 1.044 1.045 1.046 1.047 1.048 1.049 1.050 1.051 1.052 1.053 1.054 1.055 1.056 1.057 1.058 1.059 1.060 1.061 1.062 1.063 1.064 1.065 1.066 1.067 1.068 1.069 1.070 1.071 1.072 1.073 1.074 1.075 1.076 1.077 1.078 1.079 1.080 1.081 1.082 1.083 1.084 1.085 1.086 1.087 1.088 1.089 1.090 1.091 1.092 1.093 1.094 1.095 1.096 1.097 1.098 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.102 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.107 1.108 1.109 1.110 1.111 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.115 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.119 1.120 1.121 1.122 1.123 1.124 1.125 1.126 1.127 1.128 1.129 1.130 1.131 1.132 1.133 1.134 1.135 1.136 1.137 1.138 1.139 1.140 1.141 1.142 1.143 1.144 1.145 1.146 1.147 1.148 1.149 1.150 1.151 1.152 1.153 1.154 1.155 1.156 1.157 1.158 1.159 1.160 1.161 1.162 1.163 1.164 1.165 1.166 1.167 1.168 1.169 1.170 1.171 1.172 1.173 1.174 1.175 1.176 1.177 1.178 1.179 1.180 1.181 1.182 1.183 1.184 1.185 1.186 1.187 1.188 1.189 1.190 1.191 1.192 1.193 1.194 1.195 1.196 1.197 1.198 1.199 1.200 1.201 1.202 1.203 1.204 1.205 1.206 1.207 1.208 1.209 1.210 1.211 1.212 1.213 1.214 1.215 1.216 1.217 1.218 1.219 1.220 1.221 1.222 1.223 1.224 1.225 1.226 1.227 1.228 1.229 1.230 1.231 1.232 1.233 1.234 1.235 1.236 1.237 1.238 1.239 1.240 1.241 1.242 1.243 1.244 1.245 1.246 1.247 1.248 1.249 1.250 1.251 1.252 1.253 1.254 1.255 1.256 1.257 1.258 1.259 1.260 1.261 1.262 1.263 1.264 1.265 1.266 1.267 1.268 1.269 1.270 1.271 1.272 1.273 1.274 1.275 1.276 1.277 1.278 1.279 1.280 1.281 1.282 1.283 1.284 1.285 1.286 1.287 1.288 1.289 1.290 1.291 1.292 1.293 1.294 1.295 1.296 1.297 1.298 1.299 1.300 1.301 1.302 1.303 1.304 1.305 1.306 1.307 1.308 1.309 1.310 1.311 1.312 1.313 1.314 1.315 1.316 1.317 1.318 1.319 1.320 1.321 1.322 1.323 1.324 1.325 1.326 1.327 1.328 1.329 1.330 1.331 1.332 1.333 1.334 1.335 1.336 1.337 1.338 1.339 1.340 1.341 1.342 1.343 1.344 1.345 1.346 1.347 1.348 1.349 1.350 1.351 1.352 1.353 1.354 1.355 1.356 1.357 1.358 1.359 1.360 1.361 1.362 1.363 1.364 1.365 1.366 1.367 1.368 1.369 1.370 1.371 1.372 1.373 1.374 1.375 1.376 1.377 1.378 1.379 1.380 1.381 1.382 1.383 1.384 1.385 1.386 1.387 1.388 1.389 1.390 1.391 1.392 1.393 1.394 1.395 1.396 1.397 1.398 1.399 1.400 1.401 1.402 1.403 1.404 1.405 1.406 1.407 1.408 1.409 1.410 1.411 1.412 1.413 1.414 1.415 1.416 1.417 1.418 1.419 1.420 1.421 1.422 1.423 1.424 Ed. Smith, Margaret M, and Heemstra, P. Smith's sea fishes. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown. Struik publishers, Cape Town, 2003.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
  3. ↑ Zsilavecz, Guido, Coastal fishes of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay: A divers' identification guide. SURG, Cape Town, 2005. ISBN 0-620-34230-7
  4. ↑ Ribbink, A.J. and Roberts, M. "African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme: An overview of the conference contributions" in South African Journal of Science September/October 2006 - Volume 102 No. 9/10, Academy of Science of South Africa, ISSN 0038-2353
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