Lithium nitride
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Lithium nitride
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| Other names
Trilithium nitride
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| Identifiers | |
26134-62-3  |
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| ChEBI | CHEBI:30525  |
| EC Number | 247-475-2 |
| Jmol 3D model | Interactive image |
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| Properties | |
| Li3N | |
| Molar mass | 34.83 g/mol |
| Appearance | red, purple solid |
| Density | 1.270 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 813 °C (1,495 °F; 1,086 K) |
| reacts | |
| log P | 3.24 |
| Structure | |
| see text | |
| Vapor pressure | {{{value}}} |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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Lithium oxide |
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Other cations
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Sodium nitride |
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Related compounds
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Lithium amide Lithium imide |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 verify (what is ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Lithium nitride is a compound with the formula Li3N. It is the only stable alkali metal nitride. The solid is a red or purple color and has a high melting point.[1]
Preparation and handling
Lithium nitride is prepared by direct combination of elemental lithium with nitrogen gas:[2]
- 6 Li + N2 → 2 Li3N
Instead of burning lithium metal in an atmosphere of nitrogen, a solution of lithium in liquid sodium metal can be treated with N2. Lithium nitride reacts violently with water to produce ammonia:
- Li3N + 3 H2O → 3 LiOH + NH3
Structure and properties
alpha-Li3N (stable at room temperature and pressure) has an unusual crystal structure that consists of two types of layers, one sheet has the composition Li2N− contains 6-coordinate Li centers and the other sheet consists only of lithium cations.[3] Two other forms are known: beta-Lithium nitride, formed from the alpha phase at 4,200 bars (4,100 atm) has the Sodium arsenide (Na3As) structure; gamma-Lithium nitride (same structure as Li3Bi) forms from the beta form at 35 to 45 gigapascals (350,000 to 440,000 atm).[4]
Lithium nitride shows ionic conductivity for Li+, with a value of c. 2x10-4Ω-1cm-1, and an (intracrystal) activation energy of c. 0.26eV (c.24 kJ/mol). Hydrogen doping increases conductivity, whilst doping with metal ions (Al, Cu, Mg) reduces it.[5][6] The activation energy for lithium transfer across Lithium nitride crystals (intercrystalline) has been determined to be higher at c. 68.5 kJ/mol.[7] The alpha form is a semiconductor with band gap of c. 2.1eV.[4]
Reaction with hydrogen at under 300°C (0.5MPa pressure) produces Lithium hydride and Lithium amide.[8]
Lithium nitride has been investigated as a storage medium for hydrogen gas, as the reaction is reversible at 270 °C. Up to 11.5% by weight absorption of hydrogen has been achieved.[9]
References
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- ↑ E. Döneges "Lithium Nitride" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 984.
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See also
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