Lonnie Donegan

Lonnie Donegan MBE
Lonnie Donegan in the 1970s
Background information
Birth name	Anthony James Donegan
Also known as	The King of Skiffle
Born	(1931-04-29)29 April 1931 Bridgeton, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
Died	Market Deeping, Lincolnshire, England, UK
Genres	Skiffle, traditional pop music, blues, folk, country
Occupation(s)	Musician, singer, songwriter
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, banjo
Years active	1949–2002
Labels	Pye Records Decca Records United Artists Records Virgin Records
Associated acts	Tony Donegan Jazz Band Chris Barber's Jazz Band Lonnie Donegan's Skiffle Group

Anthony James Donegan (29 April 1931 – 3 November 2002), better known as Lonnie Donegan, was a British singer, songwriter and musician, referred to as the King of Skiffle, who influenced 1960s British pop musicians. The British Hit Singles & Albums lists him as "Britain's most successful and influential recording artist before the Beatles". He had 31 UK Top 30 single hits, 24 being successive and three at number one. He was the first British male singer with two US Top 10 hits. Donegan received an Ivor Novello lifetime achievement award in 1997 and in 2000 he was made an MBE.

Life

Lonnie Donegan was born Anthony James Donegan in Bridgeton, Glasgow, Scotland, on 29 April 1931. He was the son of an Irish mother and a Scots father, a professional violinist who had played with the Scottish National Orchestra. In 1933, he moved with his family to East Ham in East London. Donegan was evacuated to Cheshire to escape the Blitz in the Second World War and attended St Ambrose College, Altrincham.

Donegan married three times. He had two daughters by his first wife, Maureen Tyler (divorced 1962), a son and a daughter by his second wife, Jill Westlake (divorced 1971), and three sons by his third wife, Sharon, whom he married in 1977.

Donegan died on 3 November 2002, aged 71, after a heart attack in Market Deeping, Lincolnshire mid-way through a UK tour and before he was due to perform at a memorial concert for George Harrison with the Rolling Stones. He had had cardiac problems since the 1970s and had several heart attacks.

Trad jazz

In the early 1940s Donegan listened mostly to swing jazz and vocal acts, and became interested in the guitar. Country & Western and blues records, particularly by Frank Crumit and Josh White, attracted his interest and he bought his first guitar at 14 in 1945. He learned songs such as "Frankie and Johnny", "Puttin' On the Style", and "The House of the Rising Sun" by listening to BBC radio broadcasts. By the end of the 1940s he was playing guitar around London and visiting small jazz clubs.

Donegan first played in a big band after Chris Barber heard that he was a good banjo player and, on a train, asked him to audition. Donegan had never played the banjo but he bought one for the audition and succeeded more on personality than talent. His stint with Chris Barber's Trad Jazz Band was interrupted when he was called up for National Service in 1949, but while in the army at Southampton, he was the drummer in Ken Grinyer's Wolverines Jazz Band at a local pub. A posting to Vienna brought him into contact with American troops, and access to US records and the American Forces Network radio station.

In 1952 he formed the Tony Donegan Jazzband, which played around London. On 28 June 1952 at the Royal Festival Hall they opened for the blues musician Lonnie Johnson. Donegan had adopted his first name as a tribute. He used the name at a concert at the Royal Albert Hall on 2 June 1952.

In 1953 cornetist Ken Colyer was imprisoned in New Orleans for a visa problem. He returned to Britain and joined Chris Barber's band. That changed name to Ken Colyer's Jazzmen and made its first public appearance on 11 April 1953 in Copenhagen. The following day, Chris Albertson recorded Ken Colyer's Jazzmen and the Monty Sunshine Trio – Sunshine, Barber, and Donegan – for Storyville Records. These were Donegan's first commercial recordings.

Skiffle

While in Ken Colyer's Jazzmen with Chris Barber, Donegan sang and played guitar and banjo in their Dixieland set. He began playing with two other band members during the intervals, to provide what posters called a "skiffle" break, a name suggested by Ken Colyer's brother, Bill, after the Dan Burley Skiffle Group of the 1930s. In 1954 Colyer left, and the band became Chris Barber's Jazz Band.

With a washboard, tea-chest bass and a cheap Spanish guitar, Donegan played folk and blues songs by artists such as Lead Belly and Woody Guthrie. This proved popular and in July 1954 he recorded a fast version of Leadbelly's "Rock Island Line", featuring a washboard but not a tea-chest bass, with "John Henry" on the B-side. It was a hit in 1956 (which also later inspired the creation of a full album, An Englishman Sings American Folk Songs, released in America on the Mercury label in the early 1960s), but, because it was a band recording, Donegan made no money beyond his session fee. It was the first debut record to go gold in the UK, and it reached the Top Ten in the United States. This recording has proved greatly influential on musicians who heard it in their younger days and for whom it seems to have been a catalyst in their musical motivation and careers. His next single for Decca, "Diggin' My Potatoes", was recorded at a concert at the Royal Festival Hall on 30 October 1954. Decca dropped Donegan thereafter, but within a month he was at the Abbey Road Studios in London recording for EMI's Columbia label. He had left the Barber band, and by spring 1955, signed a recording contract with Pye. His next single "Lost John" reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart.

He appeared on television in the United States on the Perry Como Show and the Paul Winchell Show. Returning to the UK, he recorded his debut album, Lonnie Donegan Showcase, in summer 1956, with songs by Lead Belly and Leroy Carr, plus "I'm a Ramblin' Man" and "Wabash Cannonball". The LP sold hundreds of thousands. The skiffle style encouraged amateurs and one of many groups that followed was the Quarrymen, formed in March 1957 by John Lennon. Donegan's "Gamblin' Man" / "Puttin' On the Style" single was number one in the UK in July 1957, when Lennon first met Paul McCartney.

Donegan went on to successes such as "Cumberland Gap" and "Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?)", his biggest hit in the U.S., on Dot. He turned to music hall style with "My Old Man's a Dustman" which was not well received by skiffle fans and unsuccessful in America on Atlantic in 1960. But it reached number one in the UK. Donegan's group had a flexible line-up, but was generally Denny Wright or Les Bennetts (of Les Hobeaux and Days of Skiffle, led by singer Dave George), playing lead guitar and singing harmony, Micky Ashman or Pete Huggett – later Steve Jones – on upright bass, Nick Nichols – later Pete Appleby, Mark Goodwin and Ken Rodway (now a Christian author and minister) on drums or percussion, and Donegan playing acoustic guitar or banjo and singing the lead.

He continued in the UK charts until 1962, before succumbing to the Beatles and beat music.

Later career

Donegan recorded sporadically during the 1960s, including sessions at Hickory Records in Nashville, Tennessee with Charlie McCoy, Floyd Cramer and the Jordanaires. After 1964, he was as a record producer for most of the decade at Pye Records. Among those he worked with was Justin Hayward.

Donegan was unfashionable through the late 1960s and 1970s (although his "I'll Never Fall in Love Again" was recorded by Tom Jones in 1967 and Elvis Presley), and he began to play the American cabaret circuit. A departure from his normal style was an a cappella recording of "The Party's Over".

There was a reunion concert with the original Chris Barber band in Croydon in June 1975. A bomb scare meant that the recording had to be finished in the studio, after an impromptu concert in the car park. The release was entitled The Great Re-Union Album.

He had his first heart attack in 1976 while in the United States and had quadruple bypass surgery. He returned to attention in 1978 when he recorded his early songs with Rory Gallagher, Ringo Starr, Elton John and Brian May. The album was called Putting on the Style. A follow-up featuring Albert Lee saw Donegan in less familiar country and western vein. By 1980, he was making regular concert appearances again, and another album with Barber followed. In 1983 Donegan toured with Billie Jo Spears, and in 1984, he made his theatrical debut in a revival of the 1920 musical Mr Cinders. More concert tours followed, with a move from Florida to Spain. In 1992 he had further bypass surgery following another heart attack.

In 1994, the Chris Barber band celebrated 40 years with a tour with both bands. Pat Halcox was still on trumpet (a position he retained until July 2008). The reunion concert and the tour were on CD and DVD.

Donegan had a late renaissance when in 2000 he appeared on Van Morrison's album The Skiffle Sessions – Live in Belfast 1998, an acclaimed album featuring Donegan singing with Van Morrison and Chris Barber, with a guest appearance by Dr John. Donegan also played at the Glastonbury Festival, and was made an MBE in 2000.

Donegan also appeared at Fairport Convention's annual music festival on 9 August 2001 <Fairport's Cropredy Convention appearances#2001>

Donegan's final CD was This Yere de Story

Legacy

Mark Knopfler released a tribute to Donegan entitled "Donegan's Gone" on his 2004 album, Shangri-La, and said he was one of his greatest influences. Donegan's music formed a musical starring his two sons. Lonnie D – The Musical took its name from the Chas & Dave tribute song which started the show. Subsequently, Peter Donegan formed a band to perform his father's material and has since linked with his father's band from the last 30 years with newcomer Eddie Masters on bass. They made an album together in 2009 entitled "Here We Go Again". Donegan's eldest son, Anthony, also formed his own band, as Lonnie Donegan Jnr.

On his album A Beach Full of Shells, Al Stewart paid tribute to Donegan in the song "Katherine of Oregon". In "Class of '58" he describes a British entertainer who is either Donegan or a composite including him.

Peter Sellers recorded Puttin' on the Smile featuring "Lenny Goonagain", who travels to the "Deep South" of Brighton and finds an "obscure folk song hidden at the top of the American hit parade", re-records it and reaches number one in the UK.

Quotations

I'm trying to sing acceptable folk music. I want to widen the audience beyond the artsy-craftsy crowd and the pseudo intellectuals – but without distorting the music itself.

NME – June 1956

• "In Britain, we were separated from our folk music tradition centuries ago and were imbued with the idea that music was for the upper classes. You had to be very clever to play music. When I came along with the old three chords, people began to think that if I could do it, so could they. It was the reintroduction of the folk music bridge which did that." – Interview, 2002.
• "He was the first person we had heard of from Britain to get to the coveted No. 1 in the charts, and we studied his records avidly. We all bought guitars to be in a skiffle group. He was the man." – Paul McCartney
• "He really was at the very cornerstone of English blues and rock." – Brian May.
• "I wanted to be Elvis Presley when I grew up, I knew that. But the man who really made me feel like I could actually go out and do it was a chap by the name of Lonnie Donegan." – Roger Daltrey
• "Remember, Lonnie Donegan started it for you." – Jack White's acceptance speech at the Brit Awards.

Discography

Singles

• "Rock Island Line" / "John Henry" (1955) – UK No. 8 †
• "Diggin' My Potatoes" / "Bury My Body" (1956) †
• "Lost John" / "Stewball" (1956) – UK No. 2 †
• "Bring A Little Water, Sylvie" / "Dead or Alive" (1956) ‡
• "On A Christmas Day" / "Take My Hand Precious Lord" (1956) ‡
• "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O" (1957) – UK No. 4 ‡
• "Cumberland Gap" (1957) – UK No. 1 ‡
• "Gamblin' Man" / "Puttin' On the Style" (1957) – UK No. 1 ‡
• "My Dixie Darlin'" / "I'm Just a Rolling Stone" (1957) – UK No. 10 ‡
• "Jack O' Diamonds" / "Ham 'N' Eggs" (1957) – UK No. 14 ‡
• "The Grand Coulee Dam" / "Nobody Loves Like an Irishman" (1958) – UK No. 6 ‡
• "Midnight Special" / "When The Sun Goes Down" (1958) ‡
• "Sally Don't You Grieve" / "Betty, Betty, Betty" (1958) – UK No. 11 ‡
• "Lonesome Traveller" / "Times are Getting Hard, Boys" (1958) – UK No. 28 ‡
• "Lonnie's Skiffle Party" / "Lonnie Skiffle Party Pt.2" (1958) – UK No. 23 ‡
• "Tom Dooley" / "Rock O' My Soul" (1958) – UK No. 3 ‡
• "Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight?)" / "Aunt Rhody" (1959) – UK No. 3 ‡
• "Fort Worth Jail" / "Whoa Buck" (1959) – UK No. 14 ‡
• "Bewildered" / "Kevin Barry" / "It is No Secret" / "My Laggan Love" (1959) ‡
• "Battle of New Orleans" / "Darling Corey" (1959) – UK No. 2 ‡
• "Sal's Got A Sugar Lip" / "Chesapeake Bay" (1959) – UK No. 13 ‡
• "Hold Back Tomorrow" – UK No. 26 ¶
• "San Miguel" / "Talking Guitar Blues" (1959) – UK No. 19 ‡
• "My Old Man's a Dustman" / "The Golden Vanity" (1960) – UK No. 1 ↑
• "I Wanna Go Home (Wreck of the 'John B')" / "Jimmy Brown The Newsboy" (1960) – UK No. 5 ↓
• "Lorelei" / "In All My Wildest Dreams" (1960) – UK No. 10
• "Rockin' Alone" – UK No. 44 ♠
• "Lively" / "Black Cat (Cross My Path Today)" (1960) – UK No. 13 ↑
• "Virgin Mary" / "Beyond The Sunset" (1960) – UK No. 27
• "(Bury Me) Beneath The Willow" / "Leave My Woman Alone" (1961)
• "Have A Drink on Me" / "Seven Daffodils" (1961) – UK No. 8 ↑
• "Michael, Row the Boat" / "Lumbered" (1961) – UK No. 6 ↑
• "The Comancheros" / "Ramblin' Round" (1961) – UK No. 14
• "The Party's Over" / "Over the Rainbow" (1962) – UK No. 9
• "I'll Never Fall in Love Again" / "Keep on the Sunny Side" (1962)
• "Pick A Bale of Cotton" / "Steal Away" (1962) – UK No. 11 ↑
• "The Market Song" / "Tit-Bits" (1962)
• "Losing by a Hair" / "Trumpet Sounds" (1963)
• "It Was A Very Good Year" / "Rise Up" (1963)
• "Lemon Tree" / "I've Gotta Girl So Far" (1963)
• "500 Miles Away From Home" / "This Train" (1963)
• "Beans in My Ears" / "It's a Long Road to Travel" (1964)
• "Fisherman's Luck" / "There's A Big Wheel" (1964)
• "Get Out of My Life" / "Won't You Tell Me" (1965)
• "Louisiana Man" / "Bound For Zion" (1965)
• "World Cup Willie" / "Where in This World are We Going?" (1966)
• "I Wanna Go Home" / "Black Cat (Cross My Path Today)" (1966)
• "Aunt Maggie's Remedy" / "(Ah) My Sweet Marie" (1967)
• "Toys" / "Relax Your Mind" (1968)
• "My Lovely Juanita" / "Who Knows Where the Time Goes?" (1969)
• "Speak to the Sky" / "Get Out of My Life" (1972)
• "Jump Down Turn Around (Pick a Bale of Cotton)" / "Lost John Blues" (1973 – Australia only release)
• "Censored"/"Ive lost my little Willie" {1976}

Albums

• Lonnie Donegan Showcase (December 1956) – UK # 2; UK No. 26 ‡
  • "Wabash Cannonball" / "How Long" / "How Long Blues" / "Nobody's Child" / "I Shall Not Be Moved" / "I'm Alabamy Bound" / "I'm a Rambling Man" / "Wreck of the Old 97" / "Frankie and Johnny"
• Lonnie (November 1957) – UK No 3
• Tops with Lonnie (September 1958)
• Lonnie Rides Again (May 1959)
• Does Your Chewing Gum Lose Its Flavour (On the Bedpost Overnight) (1961)
• More! Tops with Lonnie (April 1961)
• Sing Hallelujah (December 1962)
• The Lonnie Donegan Folk Album (August 1965)
• Lonniepops – Lonnie Donegan Today (1970)
• The Great Re-Union Album (1974)
• Lonnie Donegan Meets Leinemann (1974)
• Country Roads (1976)
• Puttin' on the Style (February 1978)
  • Including guest musicians Rory Gallagher, Elton John, Brian May and Ringo Starr amongst others.
• Sundown (May 1979)
• Muleskinner Blues (January 1999)
  • The song "Lost John" was used to open the John Peel tribute album
• The Skiffle Sessions – Live in Belfast (2000) – UK No 14 †
  • Recorded November 1998 with Van Morrison, Chris Barber and others.
• This Yere de Story (2004)
• The Last Tour (2006)
• Jubilee Concert 1st Half (2007)
• Jubilee Concert 2nd Half (2007)
• Lonnie Live! Rare Tapes from the Late Sixties (2008)
• Donegan on Stage – Lonnie Donegan at Conway Hall

Compilation albums

• Golden Age of Donegan (1962) – UK No. 3
• Golden Age of Donegan Volume 2 (1963) – UK No. 15
• Putting on the Style (1978) – UK No. 51
• King of Skiffle (1998)
• Puttin' On the Style – The Greatest Hits (2003) – UK No. 45

EPs

• "Rock Island Line" / "John Henry" / "Digging My Potatoes" / "Bury My Body". 45 rpm, Decca 6345 (1954) †
• Skiffle Session (EP) (1956) – UK No. 20 †
  • "Railroad Bill" / "Stockalee" / "Ballad of Jesse James" / "Ol' Riley"
• Backstairs Session (EP) (1956) – †
  • "Midnight Special" / "New Burying Ground" / "It Takes A Worried Man" / "When the Sun Goes Down".

Billing

Most of the above records were accredited to Lonnie Donegan; except, as follows:
† Billed as the Lonnie Donegan Skiffle Group
‡ Billed as Lonnie Donegan and his Skiffle Group
¶ Billed as Lonnie Donegan meets Miki & Griff with the Lonnie Donegan Group
↑ Billed as Lonnie Donegan and his Group
↓ Billed as Lonnie Donegan and Wally Stott's Orchestra
♠ Billed as Miki and Griff with the Lonnie Donegan Group

See also

• List of honorific titles in popular music

Bibliography

Jeremy Price, "Lonnie Donegan, Rock Island Line » et la corne d’abondance", Volume!, n° 7-2, Nantes, Éditions Mélanie Seteun, 2010. (French)

External links

• Official website
• Lonnie Donegan Discussion Forum
• Go Lonnie go – article by Billy Bragg for The Guardian
• My Memories of Lonnie Donegan by Paul Griggs
• Lonnie Donegan biography and discography
• Lonnie Donegan and his Skiffle Group
• His Old Man’s the Guv’nor – article by Alan Franks
• My twenty-year love affair with the joy of skiffle, article by Mark Kermode The Observer, 1 June 2008