Luigi Einaudi

For the former acting Secretary General of the Organization of American States, see Luigi R. Einaudi.

Senator for life Luigi Einaudi OMRI
File:LuigiEinaud.jpg
2nd President of Italy
In office 12 May 1948 – 11 May 1955
Prime Minister	Alcide De Gasperi Giuseppe Pella Amintore Fanfani Mario Scelba
Preceded by	Enrico De Nicola
Succeeded by	Giovanni Gronchi
Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
In office 1 June 1947 – 24 May 1948
Prime Minister	Alcide De Gasperi
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Giovanni Porzio
Minister of the Budget
In office 6 June 1947 – 24 May 1948
Prime Minister	Alcide De Gasperi
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Giuseppe Pella
Governor of the Bank of Italy
In office 5 January 1945 – 11 May 1948
Preceded by	Vincenzo Azzolini
Succeeded by	Donato Menichella
Personal details
Born	(1874-03-24)March 24, 1874 Carrù, Italy
Died	Rome, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Political party	Italian Liberal Party
Spouse(s)	Ida Pellegrini
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature	Luigi Einaudi's signature

Luigi Einaudi, OMRI (Italian: [luˈiːʤi eiˈnaːudi]; March 24, 1874 – October 30, 1961) was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the second President of the Italian Republic between 1948 and 1955.

Early life

Einaudi was born to Lorenzo and Placida Fracchia in Carrù, in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont. In Turin he attended Liceo classico Cavour and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist ideas and collaborated with the magazine Critica sociale, directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati. In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed as professor in the University of Turin, the Polytechnic University of Turin and the Bocconi University of Milan.

Early political life

From the early 20th century Einaudi moved increasingly towards a more conservative stance. In 1919 he was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He also worked as a journalist for important Italian newspapers such as La Stampa and Il Corriere della Sera, as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist. An anti-fascist, he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under the Fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice (September 8, 1943) he fled to Switzerland, returning to Italy in 1944.

Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy from January 5, 1945 until May 11, 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947-1948.

President of the Italian Republic

On May 11, 1948 he was elected the second President of the Italian Republic. At the end of the seven-year term of office in 1955 he became Life Senator. Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions. He was a supporter of the ideal of European Federalism.

Einaudi personally managed the activities of his farm near Dogliani, producing Nebbiolo wine, for which he boasted to be using the most advanced agricultural developments. In 1950, monarchist satirical magazine Candido published a cartoon in which Einaudi is at the Quirinal Palace, surrounded by a presidential guard of honour (the corazzieri) of giant bottles of Nebbiolo wine, each labeled with the institutional logo. The cartoon was judged a lese-majesty by a court of the time, and Giovannino Guareschi, as the director of the magazine, was held responsible and sentenced.

Luigi Einaudi died in Rome in 1961.

Family

Both his son Giulio, a prominent Italian publisher, and his grandson, Ludovico, a neo-Classical musician, have subsequently made names for themselves.

Another son, Mario, was a Cornell University professor and active anti-fascist. The Mario Einaudi Center For International Studies is named after him. Additionally, Mario founded the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi in Turin in honor of his father.

Also the research center of the Bank of Italy, the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), is named in honor of Luigi Einaudi.

Bibliography

• Principi di scienza delle finanze (1932)
• Il buon governo (1954)
• Prediche inutili (1956-1959)
• Tracotanze protezionistiche (1919)
• Via il Prefetto! (1944)

Sources

• Acocella, N. (ed.), "Luigi Einaudi: studioso, statista, governatore", Carocci, Roma, 2010, ISBN 978-88-430-5660-6.
• Forte, F. and Marchionatti, R. (2011). Luigi Einaudi's economics of liberalism. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, September 1-38.
• Paolo Silvestri, The ideal of good government in Luigi Einaudi’s Thought and Life: Between Law and Freedom, in Paolo Heritier, Paolo Silvestri (Eds.), Good government, Governance, Human complexity. Luigi Einaudi's legacy and contemporary societies, Leo Olschki, Firenze, 2012, pp. 55-95.

External links

• Biography at the Official Website of Presidency of Italian Republic (Italian)

Government offices
Preceded by Vincenzo Azzolini	Governor of Banca d'Italia 1945–1948	Succeeded by Donato Menichella
Political offices
Preceded by Enrico De Nicola	President of the Italian Republic 1948–1955	Succeeded by Giovanni Gronchi