Michael Hayden (general)

For other uses, see Michael Hayden.

For the composer, see Michael Haydn. For the former Kansas governor, see Mike Hayden.

Michael Hayden
20th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office May 30, 2006 – February 12, 2009
President	George W. Bush Barack Obama
Preceded by	Porter Goss
Succeeded by	Leon Panetta
Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
In office April 21, 2005 – May 30, 2006
President	George W. Bush
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Ronald Burgess (Acting)
15th Director of the National Security Agency
In office March 1999 – April 21, 2005
President	Bill Clinton George W. Bush
Preceded by	Kenneth Minihan
Succeeded by	Keith Alexander
Personal details
Born	Michael Vincent Hayden (1945-03-17) March 17, 1945 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Political party	Independent
Alma mater	Duquesne University
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Air Force
Years of service	1967–2008
Rank	General
Battles/wars	War on Terror
Awards	Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2) Defense Superior Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Meritorious Service Medal (2)

Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the National Security Agency, Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Hayden currently co-chairs the Bipartisan Policy Center's Electric Grid Cyber Security Initiative.

He was Director of the National Security Agency (NSA) from 1999 to 2005. During his tenure as director, he oversaw the controversial NSA surveillance of technological communications between persons in the United States and alleged foreign terrorist groups, which resulted in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.

On April 21, 2005, then Lt. Gen Hayden, was confirmed by the United States Senate as the first Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence and awarded his fourth star-making him "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces". He served in this position under DNI John Negroponte until May 26, 2006.

On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated for the position of CIA Director following the May 5 resignation of Porter J. Goss, and on May 23 the Senate Intelligence Committee voted 12–3 to send the nomination to the Senate floor. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26 by a vote of 78–15. On May 30, 2006 and again the following day at the CIA lobby with President George W. Bush in attendance, Hayden was sworn in as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Hayden speaking at the National Security Law Journal symposium on cybersecurity April 2, 2013, in Washington, D.C.

On July 1, 2008, Hayden retired from the Air Force after over 41 years of service and continued to serve as Director of the CIA until 12 February 2009. He received an honorary doctorate from the Institute of World Politics in Washington, DC in 2009. He is currently a principal at the Chertoff Group, a security consultancy co-founded by former Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff. Hayden also serves as a Distinguished Visiting Professor at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government. He was elected to the Board of Directors of Motorola Solutions effective January 4, 2011.

Early life, career, and family

Michael Vincent Hayden was born on St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to an Irish-American couple, Sadie (Murray) and Harry V. Hayden, Jr., who worked as a welder for a Pennsylvania manufacturing company. He has a sister, Debby, and a brother, Harry.

He went to St. Peter's Elementary school where, in 7th and 8th grade he played quarterback on the school football team then being coached by Dan Rooney, the son of the founder of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and current Chairman of the team. Michael Hayden graduated from North Catholic High School. One of Hayden's first jobs was as an equipment manager for the Steelers. Hayden went on to Duquesne University in Pittsburgh where he earned a B.A. in history in 1967 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He then attended graduate school at Duquesne for an M.A. in modern American History. He continues to be an avid fan of the hometown Pittsburgh Steelers, since the 1990s travelling with his wife and family to at least 3–4 games a year.

He was commissioned through University of Pittsburgh's Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program. Hayden entered active military service in 1969.

Hayden has served as commander of the Air Intelligence Agency and Director of the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center, both headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base. He also has served in senior staff positions in the Pentagon; Headquarters U.S. European Command, Stuttgart, Germany; the National Security Council, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Embassy in the then-People's Republic of Bulgaria. Prior to becoming Director of the National Security Agency, the general served as deputy chief of staff for United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, Yongsan Garrison. He has also worked in intelligence in Guam.

He is married to Jeanine Carrier, and they have a daughter and two sons, Margaret, Michael and Liam.

Intelligence career

Air Intelligence Agency

From 1996 to 1997, Hayden served as Commander of the AIA, an agency of 16,000 charged with defending and exploiting the "information domain."

National Security Agency

Hayden served as the Director of the National Security Agency and Chief of the Central Security Service at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland from March 1999 to April 2005. As the Director of NSA and Chief of CSS, he was responsible for a combat support agency of the Department of Defense with military and civilian personnel stationed worldwide.

Strategy for the NSA

Hayden came to the NSA at a time of great trouble in the agency. Internal government analysis indicated it suffered from a lack of quality management and an outdated IT infrastructure. In fact soon after he came on board, a huge part of the NSA network system crashed and was down for several days. Part of his plan to revitalize the agency was to introduce more outside contractors, induce a lot of old managers to retire and get rid of old management structures. Part of his plan also included increased openness at the agency; it had historically been one of the most secretive organs of government. He notably allowed James Bamford access for his book Body of Secrets. Hayden was also initially extremely concerned with following the laws against domestic surveillance. Many reports say that after 9/11, he became more concerned with stopping terrorism, and allegedly softened his stance against domestic surveillance. Hayden however has said that he believed everything the agency was doing was "effective, appropriate, and lawful".

On 9/11, Hayden immediately evacuated all non-essential personnel from NSA headquarters. After 9/11, the agency greatly increased its activity. Details about its operations have been largely hidden, but it played a major role in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the Global war on terror. One notable example is its relationship with the Unmanned aerial vehicle 'drone' program.

Wiretaps of domestic communication

In May 2006, USA Today reported that, under Hayden's leadership, the NSA created a domestic telephone call database. During his nomination hearings, Hayden defended his actions to Senator Russ Feingold and others, stating that he had relied upon legal advice from the White House that building the database was supported by Article Two of the United States Constitution executive branch powers (in which the President must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"), overriding legislative branch statutes forbidding warrantless surveillance of domestic calls, which included the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Previously, this action would have required a warrant from a FISA court. The stated purpose of the database was to eavesdrop on international communications between persons within the U.S. and individuals and groups overseas in order to locate terrorists.

Trailblazer

Hayden also championed the Trailblazer Project, a "transformation" project with a large Information Technology component. The project was criticized by several NSA staffers for not including privacy protections for US citizens and for being a waste of money. The critics included Diane S Roark, of the House Intelligence Committee, NSA workers Thomas Andrews Drake, Binney, Wiebe, and Loomis, and others. Hayden severely rebuked these critics. Several quit in protest. After investigations by the NSA inspector general, the DOD inspector general, and Congress, Trailblazer was shut down.

Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence

Hayden is sworn in as Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence

As part of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the CIA chief no longer would run the intelligence community. Instead a new office was created for this purpose; the Director of National Intelligence. General Hayden became the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence from May 2005 to May 2006 under the first DNI, John Negroponte.

Civil liberties

On January 23, 2006, General Hayden participated in a news conference. A YouTube video was posted of Michael Hayden telling reporters at a press conference that "probable cause" is not required by the Fourth Amendment, indicating instead that the standard is whether the search or seizure is reasonable.

George W. Bush announces his nomination of Hayden as the next Director of the CIA as Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte looks on.

Hayden referred to people who believed that enhanced interrogation techniques used against CIA detainees have never yielded useful intelligence, as "interrogation deniers".

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

Michael Hayden speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland on February 27, 2015.

On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated by President George W. Bush to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency after the resignation of Porter J. Goss on May 5, 2006. He was later confirmed on May 26, 2006 as Director, 78–15, by full U.S. Senate vote.

Critics of the nomination and Hayden's attempts to increase domestic surveillance included Senator Dianne Feinstein who stated on May 11, 2006 that "I happen to believe we are on our way to a major constitutional confrontation on Fourth Amendment guarantees of unreasonable search and seizure".

In 2007, Hayden lobbied to allow the CIA to conduct drone strikes purely on the behavior of ground vehicles, with no further evidence of connection to terrorism.

In 2008 Hayden warned from the destabilizing consequences of Muslim migration to Europe that might raise the possibility of civil unrest.

In 2013, after the P5+1 reached a nuclear agreement with Iran, Hayden said, "We have accepted Iranian uranium enrichment."

Military career

Awards and decorations

Master Intelligence Badge

Presidential Service Badge

	Defense Distinguished Service Medal with one bronze oak leaf cluster
	Defense Superior Service Medal with oak leaf cluster
	Legion of Merit
	Bronze Star Medal
	Meritorious Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Commendation Medal
	Air Force Achievement Medal
	Joint Meritorious Unit Award with oak leaf cluster
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with "V" Device and two oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Organizational Excellence Award with oak leaf cluster
	National Security Medal
	Distinguished Intelligence Medal
	National Defense Service Medal with two service stars
	Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
	Korea Defense Service Medal
	Armed Forces Service Medal
	Air Force Overseas Short Tour Service Ribbon with two oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Overseas Long Tour Service Ribbon with three oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Longevity Service Award with eight oak leaf clusters
	Air Force Longevity Service Award (tenth award)
	Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon
	Air Force Training Ribbon
	Order of National Security Merit, Cheon-Su Medal (Republic of Korea)
	Officer of the Order of Australia (1 July 2010, "For service to bilateral and international security relations between Australia and the United States")
	Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Commander's Cross
	Royal Norwegian Order of Merit, Commander with Star

Effective dates of promotion

Promotions

Insignia	Rank	Date
	General	April 22, 2005
	Lieutenant General	May 1, 1999
	Major General	October 1, 1996
	Brigadier General	September 1, 1993
	Colonel	November 1, 1990
	Lieutenant Colonel	February 1, 1985
	Major	June 1, 1980
	Captain	December 7, 1971
	First Lieutenant	June 7, 1970
	Second Lieutenant	June 2, 1967

Quotes

• We kill people based on metadata. But that's not what we do with this metadata. The Johns Hopkins Foreign Affairs Symposium - 01.04.2014 [3]

Honors

His native Northside neighborhood of Pittsburgh renamed a major highway leading to Heinz Field in his honor.

On 26 July 2011, Hayden was inducted into the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps Distinguished Alumni in a ceremony at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, officiated by Lt. Gen. Allen G. Peck, Commander, Air University.

His publications

• Hayden, Michael V. Playing to the Edge: American Intelligence in the Age of Terror. New York: Penguin Press, 2016. ISBN 9781594206566

See also

• United States Air Force portal
• Intelligence portal

External links

• CFR.org: A Conversation with Michael V. Hayden (Audio)
• Official Air Force biography
• Official CIA Biography
• Official NSA biography
• Appearances on C-SPAN
  • C-SPAN Q&A interview with Hayden, April 15, 2007
• Michael Hayden at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Michael Hayden in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Michael V. Hayden collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Michael Hayden at SourceWatch
• Statement for the record by Lieutenant General Michael V. Hayden, USAF, Director, National Security Agency / Chief, Central Security Service before the Joint inquiry of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 17 October 2002
• The Next Battlefield: On Cyber War at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library recorded on September 26, 2014
• Institute of World Politics

Articles

• Minneapolis StarTribune biography
• Baltimore Sun article August 8, 2004
• New York Times article February 17, 2005
• Democracy Now! coverage of the January 23, 2006 National Press Club meeting. Johnathan Lindsay asks about probable cause at 18:30.
• IndyMedia article on stophayden.org, the first campaign to block Hayden's confirmation as Director of the CIA, launched in May 2006
• Statement of Senator Dianne Feinstein On the Nomination of General Michael Hayden as Director of the CIA, 8 May 2006
• Unwarranted Criticism: General Hayden's reading of the Fourth Amendment is correct, and his critics are mistaken. May 10, 2006
• Thinker, Briefer, Soldier, Spy, Time Magazine, May 15, 2006
• US Senate vote record of Hayden's nomination, 26 May 2006
• [4] Former CIA Dir. Gen. Michael Hayden defended controversial CIA tactics of rectal-feeding / hydration - International Business Times, December 14, 2014

Government offices
Preceded by Kenneth Minihan	Director of the National Security Agency 1999–2003	Succeeded by Keith Alexander
New office	Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence 2005–2006	Succeeded by Ronald Burgess Acting
Preceded by Porter Goss	Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 2006–2009	Succeeded by Leon Panetta