Northern short grasslands

Northern short grasslands
Prairie in southeastern Alberta, Canada
Ecology
Biome	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Borders	Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands Northern mixed grasslands Western short grasslands Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands Wyoming Basin shrub steppe South Central Rockies forests Colorado Rockies forests
Bird species	231
Mammal species	78
Geography
Area	638,400 km2 (246,500 sq mi)
Countries	United States and Canada
States/Provinces	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Alberta and Saskatchewan
Conservation
Habitat loss	28.690%
Protected	14.8%

The Northern short grasslands is one of 867 terrestrial ecoregions defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. This ecoregion includes parts of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the American Great Plains states of Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, South Dakota and Nebraska. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) further breaks this ecoregion into the Northwestern Glaciated Plains and Northwestern Great Plains.

Climate

The Northern short grasslands have a semi-arid climate, with annual average precipitation ranging from 270mm to 450mm. Winters here are cold, with a mean winter temperature of , but chinook winds, most common in the western part of the region, closest to the Rocky Mountains, ameliorate the cold temporarily when they pass over. Summers range from warm to hot, with a mean temperature of .

Flora

Dominant grasses include blue grama, needlegrass and spear grass. Big sagebrush is common in the southwest of the region, but almost non-existent in the north, northeast and east, where silver sagebrush is very common. Prickly pear and yellow cactus can be found in drier areas, especially in the badlands areas that can be found across the ecoregion. In the wettest areas, along water bodies, plains cottonwood, trembling aspen, willows and other trees can be found, along with various aquatic plants.

Fauna

The Northern Short Grasslands were once home to vast herds of bison, and some can still be found in places such as Grasslands National Park in southwestern Saskatchewan, and on private ranches. Pronghorn can be found in great numbers in much of the region, benefiting greatly from conservation measures. Mule deer are very common, and white-tailed deer somewhat less so. Despite various intense pest control measures, immense colonies of Richardson's ground squirrels still remain, though the black-tailed prairie dog is much less common than before European settlement. The steppe here was once home to elk and grizzly bears, but these species have been extirpated from the plains.

Bison in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan

See also

• Prairie
• Shortgrass prairie
• Steppe
• Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

References

• Vanderbilt University - Northern short grasslands