In classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments. The genre particularly flourished in the nineteenth century.
Until the middle of the nineteenth century, the instrumentation most frequently consisted of piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Following the phenomenal success of Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 44 in 1842, which paired the piano with a string quartet (i.e., two violins, viola, and cello), composers began to adopt Schumann's instrumentation. Among the most frequently performed piano quintets, aside from Schumann's, are those by Franz Schubert, Johannes Brahms, Antonín Dvořák and Dmitri Shostakovich.[1]
The piano quintet before 1842
While the piano trio and piano quartet were firmly established in the eighteenth century by Mozart and others, the piano quintet did not come into its own as a genre until the nineteenth century.[2] Its roots extend into the late Classical period, when piano concertos were sometimes transcribed for piano with string quartet accompaniment.[3] Not before the mid-nineteenth century was music ordinarily composed expressly for this combination of instruments. Although such classical composers as Luigi Boccherini wrote quintets for piano and string quartet, it was more common through the early nineteenth century for the piano to be joined by violin, viola, cello and double bass.
The first piano quintet written for this combination was the Piano Quintet in f minor, Op. 41, of Jan Ladislav Dussek (1799); works for the combination were also composed by Franz Schubert (the "Trout" Quintet (1819)), Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1802, 1816), Ferdinand Ries (1817), and Louise Farrenc (1839, 1840).[4][5]
Schumann and the Romantic piano quintet
Not until the middle of the 19th century did Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E-Flat major, Op. 44 (1842) firmly establish music for piano and string quartet as a significant, and quintessentially Romantic, chamber music genre.[6]
By 1842, the string quartet had evolved into the most important chamber music ensemble, and advances in the design of the piano had expanded its power and dynamic range. Bringing the piano and string quartet together, Schumann's Piano Quintet took full advantage of the expressive possibilities of these forces in combination, alternating conversational passages between the five instruments with concertante passages in which the combined forces of the strings are massed against the piano. In Schumann's hands, the piano quintet became a genre "suspended between private and public spheres" alternating between "quasi-symphonic and more properly chamber-like elements."[7]
Schumann's quintet was immediately acclaimed and widely imitated.[1][8] Johannes Brahms was persuaded by Clara Schumann to rework a sonata for two pianos as a piano quintet. The result, the Piano Quintet in F minor (1864), is one of the most frequently performed works of the genre.[9] Notable compositions by César Franck and Antonín Dvořák further solidifed the genre as a quintessential "vehicle for Romantic expression."[1]
20th century
In the first half of the twentieth-century, the piano quintet attracted composers with strong roots in Romanticism, including Gabriel Fauré, Edward Elgar and Dmitri Shostakovich, all of whom composed noteworthy works in the genre. However, unlike the string quartet, which remained an important genre for twentieth-century composers, the piano quintet came to acquire "a somewhat conservative profile, far from major developments" in musical expression.[10]
List of compositions for piano quintet
The following is a partial list of compositions for piano quintet. All works are scored for piano and string quartet unless otherwise noted.
Before 1800
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Piano Quintet in E-flat major, K. 452 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1784)
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 16 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1796)
- Luigi Boccherini
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.1 in E minor, G 407
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.2 in F major, G 408
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.3 in C major, G 409
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.4 in E-flat major, G 410
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.5 in D major, G 411
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.6 in A minor, G 412
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.1 in A major, G 413
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- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.2 in B-flat major, G 414
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.3 in E minor, G 415
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.4 in D minor, G 416
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.5 in E major, G 417
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.6 in C major, G 418
- Jan Ladislav Dussek
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 41 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1799)
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19th century
- Alexander Alyabyev
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in E-flat major
- Elfrida Andrée
- Piano Quintet in E minor (1865)
- Franz Berwald
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1853)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in A major (1857)
- João Domingos Bomtempo
- Piano Quintet in E-flat major Op. 16 (1813 or 1814)
- Alexander Borodin
- Piano Quintet in C minor (1862)
- Johannes Brahms
- Max Bruch
- Piano Quintet in G minor Op. Post. (1886)
- Alexis Castillon de Saint-Victor
- Piano Quintet in E-flat major Op. 1 (1864)
- George Whitefield Chadwick
- Piano Quintet in E-flat major (1887)
- Camille Chevillard
- Piano Quintet in E-flat minor Op. 1 (1882)
- Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 1 (1893)
- Johann Baptist Cramer
- Piano Quintet in B-flat major, Op. 79 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass)
- Carl Czerny
- Ernő Dohnányi
- Felix Draeseke
- Piano Quintet in B-flat major, Op. 48, (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and horn; 1888)
- Antonín Dvořák
- Louise Farrenc
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in A minor, Op. 30
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in E major, Op. 31 (both with double bass)
- Zdeněk Fibich
- Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 42, (for piano, violin, clarinet, horn, and cello 1893)
- Arthur Foote
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 38 (1897, publ. 1898)
- César Franck
- Eduard Franck
- Friedrich Gernsheim
- Piano Quintet no. 1 in D minor, op. 35
- Piano Quintet no. 2 in B minor, op. 63, c. 1897
- Hermann Goetz
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 16 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1874)
- Karl Goldmark
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in B-flat major, Op. 30 (1879)[11]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in C-sharp minor, Op. 54 (1914?5? published 1916)
- Théodore Gouvy
- Piano Quintet in A major Op. 24 (1859)
- Enrique Granados
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 49 (1894)
- Peter Arnold Heise
- Piano Quintet in F major (1869)
- Heinrich von Herzogenberg
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 17 (1876)
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel
- Piano Quintet in E-flat minor, Op. 87 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; composed 1802, published 1822)
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 74 (transcribed for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass from the Op. 74 Septet; 1816)
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- Salomon Jadassohn
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor, Op. 70 (1883)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in F major, Op.76 (1884)
- Piano Quintet No. 3 in G minor, Op.126 (1895)
- August Klughardt
- Piano quintet in G minor, Op. 43 (c. 1883)
- Édouard Lalo
- Franz Limmer
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 13 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; c. 1830)
- Giuseppe Martucci
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 45 (1878)
- Vítězslav Novák
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 12 (1896)
- George Onslow
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 70 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1846)
- Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 76 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1846)
- Ebenezer Prout
- Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 3 (published 1870)
- Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 1 (publ. 1803)
- Joachim Raff
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 107 (1862)
- Max Reger
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1897–98)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in C minor, Op. 64 (1901–02)
- Anton Reicha
- Piano Quintet in C minor (1826)
- Carl Reinecke
- Piano Quintet in A major, Op. 83 (by 1865)
- Ferdinand Ries
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 74 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1809)
- Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Quintet in B-flat major for Piano and Winds (for piano, flute, clarinet, horn and bassoon; 1876)
- Anton Rubinstein
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 99 (1876?)
- Camille Saint-Saëns
- Franz Schubert
- Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (popularly called the Trout Quintet; for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1819)
- Robert Schumann
- Giovanni Sgambati
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in F minor, Op. 4 (1866)[12]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in B-flat major, Op. 5
- Jean Sibelius
- Christian Sinding
- Piano Quintet in E minor. Op. 5 (1882–84)
- Louis Spohr
- Piano Quintet No. 2, Op. 130 (1845)
- Charles Villiers Stanford
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 25 (1886)[13]
- Josef Suk
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 8 (1893, rev. 1915)
- Ferdinand Thieriot
- Ludwig Thuille
- Piano Quintet in G minor, w/o Op. (1880)[14]
- Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 20 (1901)[15]
- Charles-Marie Widor
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 7 (1868)[16]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in D, Op. 68 (1894)[16]
- Georges Martin Witkowski
- Piano Quintet in B minor (1898)
- Juliusz Zarębski
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 34 (1885)
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1900 and after
- Thomas Adès
- James Aikman
- Franco Alfano
- Piano Quintet in A-flat major (1946)
- Anton Arensky
- Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 51 (1900)[18]
- Kurt Atterberg
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 31a (1942, adapted from Symphony No. 6 of 1928)
- Grażyna Bacewicz
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1952)[19]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 (1965)[19]
- Béla Bartók
- Arnold Bax
- Piano Quintet in G minor (1915)
- Amy Beach
- Wilhelm Berger
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 95 (1904)
- Adolphe Biarent
- Piano Quintet in D minor (1912)
- Ernest Bloch
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1923)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 (1957)
- Frank Bridge
- Piano Quintet in D minor (1905, revised 1912) ([20])
- Stephen Brown
- Piano Quintet No. 1, Eulogy for Meghan Reid (2009)
- Piano Quintet No. 2, White Light White Heat (2015)
- Elliott Carter
- Quintet for Piano and String Quartet (1997)
- Quintet for Piano and Winds (1991)
- Georgy Catoire
- Quintet for Piano and String Quartet, Op. 28 (1914)
- Jean Cras
- Quintet for Piano and String Quartet in C major (1924)
- Arthur Dennington
- Théodore Dubois
- Quintet for Piano, Violin, Oboe (or Clarinet or 2nd Violin), Viola and Cello in F major (1905)
- Gabriel Dupont
- Poème for Piano and String Quartet (1911)
- Lucien Durosoir
- Piano Quintet in F major (1925)
- Edward Elgar
- George Enescu
- Gabriel Fauré
- Morton Feldman
- Piano and String Quartet (1985)
- Ross Lee Finney
- Two piano quintets (no. 2 written 1961)
- James Friskin
- Beat Furrer
- Wilhelm Furtwängler
- Piano Quintet in C major (completed 1935)[21]
- Alberto Ginastera
- Piano Quintet, Op. 29 (1963)
- Otar Gordeli
- Jorge Grundman
- The Toughest Decision of God for Piano Quintet (2012)
- Sofia Gubaidulina
- Reynaldo Hahn
- Piano Quintet in F-sharp minor (1922)
- Roy Harris
- Hamilton Harty
- Piano Quintet in F major, Op. 12 (1904)
- Hans Werner Henze
- Alistair Hinton
- Piano Quintet (1980–81; 2005–10)
- Jean Huré
- Piano Quintet in D major (1907–08)
- Vincent d'Indy
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 81 (1924)
- Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
- An Evening in Georgia, Op. 71 (for piano, flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon, 1935)
- Paul Juon
- No.1 in D minor, Op. 33 (1906) with 2 Violas (version with 2 violins, viola and cello Op. 33a)
- No.2, Op. 44 (1909)
- Shigeru Kan-no
- Piano Quintet WVE-180f (2002)
- Charles Koechlin
- Piano Quintet Op. 80 (1917–21)
- Joonas Kokkonen
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold
- Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 15 (1921)
- Marcel Labey
- Piano Quintet Op. 31 (1927-30)
- Claude Ledoux
- Paul Le Flem
- Piano Quintet in E minor (1909)
- Lowell Liebermann
- Quintet for Piano and Strings Op. 34 (1990)
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- Alessandro Longo
- Adela Maddison
- Bohuslav Martinů
- Piano Quintet, H. 35 (1911)
- Piano Quintet No. 1, H. 229 (1933)
- Piano Quintet No. 2, H. 298 (1944)
- Nikolai Medtner
- Piano Quintet in C major (begun 1903, finished 1949). Op. Posth.
- Krzysztof Meyer
- Piano Quintet Op. 76 (1991)
- Darius Milhaud
- Quintet No. 1 for Piano and Strings Op. 312 (1950)
- Lior Navok
- Norman O'Neill
- Piano Quintet in E minor Op. 10 (1902-03)
- Leo Ornstein
- Dora Pejačević
- Nikolai Peyko
- Hans Pfitzner
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 23
- Mario Pilati
- Piano Quintet in D major (1927–28)
- Walter Piston
- Tobias Picker
- Nova, for piano with violin, viola, cello and bass (1979)
- Piano Quintet Op. 12
- Gabriel Pierné
- Piano Quintet in E minor Op. 41 (1916–17)
- Quincy Porter
- Alan Rawsthorne
- Ottorino Respighi
- Piano Quintet in F minor (1902)
- Josef Rheinberger
- Piano Quintet in C, Op. 114
- George Rochberg
- Electrikaleidoscope for flute, clarinet, violin, cello & piano/electric piano (1972)
- Piano Quintet (1975)[23]
- Miklós Rózsa
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 2 (1928)
- Philipp Scharwenka
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 118 (1911)
- Franz Schmidt
- Piano Quintet (left-hand) in G major (1926)
- Florent Schmitt
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 51 (1908)
- Alfred Schnittke
- Reinhard Seehafer
- Alexander Shchetynsky
- Dmitri Shostakovich
- Dave Smith
- Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1919–20)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 (1932–33)
- Carlos Stella
- Hockney's Choclo: 10 variations, imitations and paraphrases on Piazzolla's arrangement of the tango 'El Choclo' after a picture by David Hockney for accordion, piano, violin, electric guitar and bass (2003)
- Sergei Taneyev
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 30 (1911)
- Boris Tchaikovsky
- Ernst Toch
- Joaquín Turina
- Louis Vierne
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 42 (1917)
- Oscar Vermeire
- Quintette symphonique in B minor, Op. 25 (1910)
- Graham Waterhouse
- Anton Webern
- Douglas Weiland
- Piano Quintet, Op. 8 (1988)
- Mieczysław Weinberg [Моисей Самуилович Вайнберг]
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 18 (1944)
- William Gillies Whittaker
- Among the Northumbrian Hills (1922)
- Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
- Piano Quintet in D-flat major, Op.6 (1901)
- Charles Wuorinen
- Piano Quintet (1994)
- Second Piano Quintet (2008)
- Iannis Xenakis
- Yitzhak Yedid
- Piano Quintet 'Since My Soul Loved', (2006)
- Piano Quintet Enrique Granados A la Cubana Op.36
- Seung Ha You
- Quintet for piano and strings op.1 (2007–2011)[24]
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See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Stowell, Robin. The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, p. 324.
- ↑ The quintets for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon composed by Mozart and Beethoven are usually described as "quintets for piano and winds" so as to distinguish them from compositions for piano and four strings.
- ↑ Randel, Don Michael, The Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 699.
- ↑ Smallman, Basil The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring , p. 3.
- ↑ Smallman, Basil. The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring, p. 26.
- ↑ Stowell, Robin The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, pp. 323-324.
- ↑ John Daverio, 'Robert Schumann: Herald of a "New Poetic Age."' (1997, Oxford), p. 256
- ↑ Smallman, Basil. The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring, p. 53.
- ↑ [1] Rodda, Richard E. "Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34," n.p.
- ↑ Stowell, Robin. The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, p. 325.
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- ↑ Alan Rawsthorne: A Bio-Bibliography at Google Books. p. 33.
- ↑ Rochberg, George; Gene Rochberg. Five Lines, Four Spaces: The World of My Music at Google Books. p. 111.
- ↑ Piano Quintet Op. 1: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
Further reading
- Basil Smallman (1994). The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style Structure, and Scoring, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816640-0.
External links