Portal:Ancient Near East/Topics/Topic chart

Ancient Near East, ca. 3000 BC Ancient Near East Cities: Cities of the ancient Near East Chronology: Chronology of the ancient Near East • Short chronology timeline Scholarship: Assyriology • Hittitology • Near Eastern archaeology • Classical authorities on the ancient Near East • Modern discovery of the ancient Near East Mesopotamia History of Mesopotamia Persia History of Iran Anatolia History of Anatolia Levant History of the Levant Ancient Egypt (see the Ancient Egypt portal) Pre-Pottery Neolithic (ca. 8500/8000 – 6000/5500 BC) Fertile Crescent Jericho • Çatalhöyük • Jarmo Neolithic Revolution • Neolithic founder crops Pottery Neolithic Age (ca. 6000/5500 – 4500 BC) — Copper Age (ca. 4500 – 3300 BC) Halaf culture • Samarra culture Halaf and Samarra cultures, ca. 5500 BC Sumer (ca. 5300 – 1940 BC) Ubaid culture, ca. 4500 BC Ubaid period (ca. 5300 – 4000 BC) Uruk period (ca. 4000 – 3000 BC) (Copper Age) Ubaid period (ca. 4500 – 4000 BC) Uruk period Mesopotamian outposts Ubaid period (ca. 4500 – 4000 BC) Uruk period Mesopotamian outposts Predynastic Egypt (before ca. 3100 BC) Early Bronze Age (ca. 3300 – 1950 BC) Sumer Uruk IV period (ca. 3300 – 3000 BC) Jemdet Nasr period (ca. 3000 – 2900 BC) Early dynastic period I (ca. 2900 – 2800 BC) Proto-Elamite period (ca. 3200 – 2700 BC) Mesopotamian outposts Mesopotamian outposts Protodynastic Period (ca. 3200 – 3000 BC) Early Dynastic Egypt (ca. 3150 – 2686 BC) Sumer Early dynastic periods II & III (ca. 2800 – 2334 BC) Uruk area, ca. 2350 BC History: History of Sumer Language: Sumerian language Cities: Eridu • Kish • Uruk • Ur • Lagash • Girsu • Nippur People: Meskalamdug • Puabi • Mesilim Rulers: Sumerian king list: En-me-barage-si • Mesh-Ane-pada • En-shag-kush-ana • Ur-Nanshe • Eannatum • Entemena • Urukagina • Lugal-Ane-mundu • Kug-Bau • Lugal-zage-si • Gudea • Utu-hengal • Ur-Namma • Shulgi Legendary heroes: Alulim • Dumuzid • Etana • Enmerkar • Lugalbanda • Gilgamesh Mari Nagar Old Elamite period (ca. 2700 – 1700 BC) Elam History: Awan dynasty Language: Elamite language • Elamite cuneiform Cities: Anshan • Susa • Tappeh Sialk • Chogha Zanbil Ebla (ca. 2300 – 2200 BC) Language: Eblaite language Old Kingdom (ca. 2686 – 2134 BC). Sumerian legacy to Mesopotamia and the ancient Near East: Literature and writing: Cuneiform script • History of writing Sumerian literature: Sumerian creation myth • Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta • Epic of Gilgamesh Akkadian-language literature: Enuma Elish • Atra-Hasis Art and architecture: Cylinder seal • Stele • E (temple) • Ziggurat Law and government: Cuneiform law • Babylonian law • Assyrian law • Hittite laws Mythology: Mesopotamian mythology • Babylonian mythology • Assyro-Babylonian religion Deities: the Anunna, the Anunnaki: An • Enlil • Enki/Ea • Ninhursanga/Ki • Marduk • Ashur • Inana/Ishtar • Ninlil • Utu/Shamash • Nanna/Sin • Ninurta/Ningirsu Akkad (ca. 2334 – 2147 BC) Akkadian Empire, ca. 2250 BC Language: Akkadian language Cities: Akkad • Mari People: Sargon of Akkad • En-hedu-ana • Naram-Sin Mari Nagar Lullubi (ca. 22nd century BC) Old Elamite period Hattians (ca. 22nd – 17th century BC) Hatti Language: Hattic language Ebla (ca. 2300 – 2200 BC) Yamhad Cities: Halab Qatna Gutium (ca. 2147 – 2050 BC) History: Gutian dynasty of Sumer Old Elamite period 1st Intermediate Period (ca. 2160 – 2055 BC) Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur (ca. 2047 – 1940 BC) Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1950 – 1500 BC) Amorites (ca. 1953 – 1531 BC) Language: Amorite language Cities: Isin • Larsa Babylonia (ca. 1728 – 1531 BC) Babylonia, ca. 1728 – 1686 BC History: First Babylonian Dynasty Cities: Babylon People: List of Kings of Babylon: Hammurabi Law: Babylonian law • Code of Hammurabi Science: Babylonian mathematics Babylonia and Assyria Assyrian Old kingdom (ca. 1745 – 1500 BC) Cities: Assur People: Shamshi-Adad I Old Elamite period Hittite Old Kingdom (ca. 1586 – 1461 BC) Hittite Empire, ca. 1590 – 1300 BC History: History of the Hittites Language: Hittite language • Anatolian languages Cities: Neša • Hattusa People: List of Hittite kings: Labarna I • Mursili I • Hattusili I Literature: Hittite texts Mythology: Hittite mythology Middle Kingdom of Egypt (ca. 2055 – 1640 BC) File:Amarna.JPG The Levant and Ancient Egypt (ca. 1350 BC) Canaan History: Hyksos • Battle of Megiddo Language: Canaanite languages Cities: Jericho • History of Jerusalem 2nd Intermediate Period (Hyksos, ca. 1648 – 1540 BC) Late Bronze Age (ca. 1500 – 1150) Kassite dynasty of Babylon (ca. 1531 – 1155 BC) Art: Kudurru boundary stones Hurrians (ca. 1500 – 1300 BC) Mitanni History: Mitanni Language: Hurrian language • Hurro-Urartian languages Assyrian Middle Kingdom (ca. 1353 – 1180 BC) History: Battle of Nihriya Cities: Assur • Kalhu • Nineveh People: Ashur-uballit I • Adad-nirari I • Shalmaneser I • Tukulti-Ninurta I Middle Elamite period (ca. 1500 – 1100 BC) Hittite Middle Kingdom Canaan New Kingdom (ca. 1570 – 1070 BC) Amarna letters (ca. 1360 – 1332 BC) Hittite New Kingdom (ca. 1344 – 1178 BC) History: History of the Hittites • Battle of Kadesh • Battle of Nihriya People: List of Hittite kings: Tudhaliya I • Arnuwanda I • Tudhaliya II • Suppiluliuma I • Mursili II • Muwatalli II • Mursili III • Hattusili III • Tudhaliya IV Literature: Hittite texts Ugarit (ca. 1350 – 1200 BC) Language: Ugaritic language • Ugaritic alphabet Literature: Danel • Baal cycle Bronze Age collapse (ca. 1206 – 1150 BC) — Iron Age (ca. 1150 – 330 BC) Post-Kassite dynasties of Babylon Middle Assyrian period Tiglath-Pileser I (ca. 1115 – 1076 BC) Neo-Elamite period (ca. 1100 – 539 BC) Syro-Hittite states (ca. 1178 – ca. 700 BC) Syro-Hittite states, ca. 800 BC Groups: Luwians Canaan: Phoenicia (ca. 1200 – 65 BC) Language: Phoenician language • Phoenician alphabet Cities: Tyre • Sidon • Byblos Aramaeans (ca. 1250 BC – 7th century AD) Language: Aramaic language Cities: Damascus Canaan: Ancient Israel and Judah (see also the Jewish history project and the Bible portal) 3rd Intermediate Period (ca. 1070 – 664 BC) Neo-Assyrian Empire (911 – 612 BC) History: Military history Cities: Kalhu • Dur-Sharrukin • Nineveh People: Kings of Assyria: Ashur-nasir-pal II • Shalmaneser III • Tiglath-Pileser III • Sargon II • Sennacherib • Esarhaddon • Ashur-bani-pal Law: Assyrian law Neo-Elamite period Mannaeans (ca. 850 – 616 BC) Urartu (ca. 850 – ca. 640 BC) Urartu, 8th century BC Language: Urartian language • Hurro-Urartian languages (<<Neo-Assyrian Empire) Neo-Assyrian Empire, 750 – 625 BC Ancient Iranian peoples: Religion: Zoroastrianism Medes (ca. 836 – 550 BC) Cities: Ecbatana Median and Neo-Babylonian empires, ca. 600 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire (626 – 539 BC) History: Babylonian Chronicles People: Nabopolassar • Nebuchadrezzar II Science: Babylonian astronomy (<<Neo-Babylonian Empire) Late Period of Egypt (ca. 672 – 332 BC) Achaemenid Empire, 500 BC (Ancient Iranian peoples:) Achaemenid Empire (553 – 330 BC) Cities: Anshan • Pasargadae • Persepolis • Susa People: Cyrus II, the Great • Darius I, the Great • Artaxerxes III Ochus 1st Persian Period (ca. 525 – 402 BC) 2nd Persian Period (ca. 343 – 332 BC)