Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel

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Princess Augusta
Duchess of Cambridge
198px
William Beechey: Augusta, Duchess of Cambridge, 1818
Born (1797-07-25)25 July 1797
Rumpenheim Castle, Kassel
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St. James's Palace, Pall Mall, London
Spouse Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
Issue Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
Full name
Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa
House House of Hanover
House of Hesse-Kassel
Father Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
Mother Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen

Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (German: Auguste Wilhelmine Luise von Hessen-Kassel; 25 July 1797 – 6 April 1889) was the wife of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the tenth-born child, and seventh son, of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The longest-lived daughter-in-law of George III, she was the maternal grandmother of Mary of Teck, wife of George V.

Early life

Princess and Landgravine Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, third daughter of Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, and his wife, Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen, was born at Rumpenheim Castle (French: Château de Rumpenheim, German: Rumpenheimer Schloss), Kassel, Hesse. Through her father, she was a great-granddaughter of George II of Great Britain, her grandfather having married George II's daughter Mary. Her father's older brother was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. In 1803, her uncle's title was raised to Elector of Hesse — whereby the entire Kassel branch of the Hesse dynasty gained an upward notch in hierarchy.

Marriage

On 7 May, in Kassel, and then, again, on 1 June 1818 at Buckingham Palace, Princess Augusta married her second cousin, the Duke of Cambridge, when she was 20 and he 44. Upon their marriage, Augusta gained the style HRH The Duchess of Cambridge. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children.

From 1818 until the accession of Queen Victoria, and the separation of the British and Hanoverian crowns in 1837, the Duchess of Cambridge lived in Hanover, where the Duke served as viceroy on behalf of his brothers, George IV and William IV. In 1827 Augusta allowed that a new village, founded on 3 May 1827 and to be settled in the course of the cultivation and colonisation of the moorlands in the south of Bremervörde, would bear her name. On 19 June the administration of the Hanoveran High-Bailiwick of Stade informed the villagers that she had approved the chosen name Augustendorf for their municipality (since 1974 it is a component locality of Gnarrenburg). The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge returned to Great Britain, where they lived at Cambridge Cottage, Kew, and later at St. James's Palace. The Duchess of Cambridge survived her husband by thirty-nine years, dying at the age of ninety-one.

She was buried at St Anne's Church, Kew, but her remains were later transferred to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[1]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

  • 25 July 1797 – 7 May 1818: Her Serene Highness Princess Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse[2]
  • 7 May 1818 – 6 April 1889: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge

Ancestry

Family of Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Duchess Maria Amalia of Courland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Moritz Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Duchess Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Margravine Marie Amalie of Brandenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. George I of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. George II of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Princess Sophia Dorothea of Celle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Princess Mary of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Princess Eleanor of Saxe-Eisenach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. William Henry, Prince of Nassau-Usingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Princess Charlotte Amalie of Nassau-Dillenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Charles William, Prince of Nassau-Usingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. John William III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Duchess Christiane Wilhelmine of Saxe-Eisenach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Count Johann of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Count Christian Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Countess Johanna Magdalena of Hanau-Lichtenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Countess Caroline of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Count George Ludwig of Solms-Rödelheim
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Countess Katharina Polyxene of Solms-Rödelheim and Assenheim
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Countess Charlotte Sibylle of Ahlefeld-Langeland
 
 
 
 
 
 

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children:

Name Birth Death Notes
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge 26 March 1819 17 March 1904 illegally married, 1847, Sarah Louisa Fairbrother; had issue
Princess Augusta of Cambridge 19 July 1822 4 December 1916 married, 1843, Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; had issue
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge 27 November 1833 27 October 1897 married, 1866, Francis, Duke of Teck; had issue, including Mary of Teck, wife of George V

References

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