South Boston
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South Boston | |
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Neighborhood of Boston | |
South Boston from the air
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Nickname(s): Southie | |
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Country | United States |
State | Massachusetts |
County | Suffolk |
Neighborhood of | Boston |
Annexed by Boston | 1804 |
Population (2010) | 35,200 |
Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) |
Zip Code | 02127 |
Area code(s) | 617 / 857 |
South Boston is a densely populated neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, located south and east of the Fort Point Channel and abutting Dorchester Bay. One of the oldest neighborhoods in the United States,[citation needed] South Boston is most popularly known as Southie. Although still popularly known as a working class Irish American neighborhood, it is also home to the Boston area's small but vibrant Polish and Lithuanian communities, and its demographics are rapidly changing. South Boston contains Dorchester Heights, where George Washington forced British troops to evacuate during the American Revolutionary War. South Boston's real estate market has exploded in recent years and South Boston has seen property values join the highest in the city.
Contents
History
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Geographically, Dorchester Neck was an isthmus, a narrow strip of land that connected the mainland of the colonial settlement of Dorchester with Dorchester Heights. Landfill has since greatly increased the amount of land on the eastern side of the historical neck, and widened the connection to the mainland to the point that South Boston is no longer considered separate from it. South Boston gained an identity separate from Dorchester, but the two were annexed by Boston in pieces, from 1804[1] to 1870.
During the American Revolutionary War, George Washington placed a cannon on Dorchester Heights, thereby forcing the evacuation of British troops from Boston on March 17, 1776. The British evacuated Boston and Fort William and Mary for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Fort William and Mary was replaced with a brick fortification known as Fort Independence. That fort was replaced by a granite fortification (bearing the same name) prior to the American Civil War, and still stands on Castle Island as a National Historic Landmark. Edgar Allan Poe was stationed at Castle Island for five months in 1827 and was inspired to write The Cask of Amontillado based on an early Castle Island legend.
During the 1970s, South Boston received national attention for its opposition to court-mandated school (de facto) desegregation by busing students to different neighborhoods.
South Boston includes what is thought to be the first Vietnam veterans memorial in the United States. It predated the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., by 13 months. It was dedicated on September 13, 1981 and is located at Independence Square, which is more commonly called M Street Park.[2]
In the 1990s, South Boston became the focus for a Supreme Court case on the right of gay and lesbian groups to participate in the Saint Patrick's Day (Evacuation Day) parade. The case was decided in favor of the parade's sponsors when the United States Supreme Court supported the South Boston Allied War Veterans' right to determine who can participate in their annual St. Patrick's Day parade.[3] In 1996 local Dorchester author Paul Walkowski and Attorney William Connolly detailed the case in their book "From Trial Court to the United States Supreme Court".[4]
In the early 21st century, property values, especially in the City Point neighborhood near Castle Island, rose to the level of some of the highest in the city. The City Point area of South Boston, labeled "East Side" by realtors, has seen a major increase in property values due to its close proximity to downtown Boston and gentrification.[citation needed] The "West Side" of South Boston, also known as the "lower end" by lifelong residents, though slower to begin the gentrification process also benefits from the proximity to not only downtown but also the popular South End. Additionally, the West Side is home to the first green residence (Gold LEED certified) in Boston — the Macallen Building which was featured in the movie The Greening of Southie.[5] The City of Boston is investing in the West Side through developments like the ~150,000-square-foot (14,000 m2) mixed use (residential and commercial) building being developed by the Boston Redevelopment Authority on West Broadway.
Waterfront redevelopment
The section of South Boston north of First Street has been targeted for massive redevelopment by the administration of Mayor Thomas Menino and the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA).[6] Initially referred to as the "Seaport District" by the BRA, this area was officially restyled the "South Boston Waterfront" after virulent protest from natives and local politicians, including City Council President James M. Kelly.[7] However, it is still also referred to as the Seaport District as of 2012[update].[8][9] The South Boston Waterfront area is part of the Port of Boston on Boston Harbor. While the area is not clearly defined, the Fort Point Channel forms one border and some parts of the area are also included in Fort Point neighborhood, an older, more historic term.
According to the Boston Waterfront Guide, the South Boston Waterfront has 55 restaurants, four hotels, and nine major attractions, and continues to grow.[10] The Boston Convention and Exhibition Center straddles D Street. The Seaport Hotel and Seaport World Trade Center is located on Commonwealth Pier. A new home for the Institute of Contemporary Art hangs over Boston Harbor just north of Northern Avenue. The John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse is on Fan Pier.[8] The South Boston Waterfront, in a massive renaissance, has exploded in recent years; considered "the hottest, fastest-growing real estate market in the country",[11] the Waterfront has seen an enormous construction boom. The "Innovation District," as ex-mayor Tom Menino termed it, is now home to tens of new office towers, residential buildings, and "innovation labs" either proposed or under construction.[12] As of September 2010, the Seaport Square project was also under planning. It was expected to cost $3 billion and replace parking lots between the federal courthouse and convention center with a 6,300,000-square-foot (590,000 m2) mixed-use development. Construction was expected to begin in 2011.[13]
The Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T) Project, also known as the "Big Dig", has created a completely new transportation network for this area.[14] The Silver Line of the MBTA provides public transportation to the area, and the Boston Harborwalk runs through it.
Due to the increase in nightlife in the neighborhood, on street parking for residents has become increasingly scarce. In response, city officials are launching a 90-day pilot program that will expand resident only parking to seven days a week, from four. The aim, according to City Council President Bill Linehan is to address the scarcity of parking for residents on weekends.[15]
On January 13, 2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut to the South Boston Waterfront. Some of the workers will arrive in the summer of 2016 and the full move will be completed by 2018. GE ranks eighth on the Fortune 500 and will become the largest publicly traded company based in Massachusetts.[16][17]
Schools
Public schools are operated by Boston Public Schools.
Public
- South Boston High School (9-12)
- James Condon Elementary School (K–5)
- Joseph P. Tynan School (K–5)
- Michael J. Perkins School (K–5)
- Oliver Hazard Perry School (K–8)
- UP Academy Charter School of Boston (6–8)
Private
- St. Peter Academy (Preschool–8)
- South Boston Catholic Academy (K–6) (formerly St. Brigid's School and Gate of Heaven which were combined)
- Julie's Family Learning Center (Montessori Preschool)
- Labouré Center Early Childhood Services (Preschool)
- South Boston University (University)
- Cultural and language schools:
- Szkola Jezyka Polskiego w Bostonie (John Paul II Polish School for Children and Teens)
- Wood's School of Irish Dance
Places of worship
Catholic Churches
- Gate of Heaven Parish
- Our Lady of Czestochowa (Polish)
- Saint Monica – Saint Augustine (currently merged)
- Saint Peter (Lithuanian)
- Saint Vincent de Paul[18]
- Our Lady of Good Voyage
- Saint Brigid
Albanian Orthodox Churches
- St George Cathedral: Located near the intersection of East and West Broadway, St George is the largest Orthodox Christian house of worship in Massachusetts. As the mother church of the Albanian diocese, the Cathedral serves as episcopal seat of Bishop Nikon, Bishop of Boston, New England and the Albanian Archdiocese.
- Albanian Holy Trinity Church, Kisha Shqiptare e Shen Trinise: Located at 245 D Street Boston, Massachusetts 02127.
- St John the Baptist
Episcopal
- St Matthew and the Redeemer (former)
Baptist
Presbyterian
- Fourth Presbyterian Church
Community Resources
Community resources are easy to access for both new residents and residents that have lived in the South Boston area all their lives. The resources that are also available range from a wide array of services specifically designed to fit peoples individual requirements. South Boston has two places children can enjoy, the first being the Neighborhood House and the second being the Boys and Girls Club. The South Boston Neighborhood House is located at 136 H Street in South Boston. While the Boys and Girls club is located at 50 Congress Street, Suite 730. The main program that has been in place at the Neighborhood House is called the Ollie program which as been around for approximately 113 years. What the program does is it provides services for families so they can stay whole and grow through learning to stay healthy, literacy, and both academic and social skills that are necessary for everyday life.[21] The Boys and Girls club which is similar to the South Boston Neighborhood House, both strive for a better tomorrow for the community as a collective whole. However, the Boys and Girls club specifically targets the youth of the community by ensuring positive leadership, communication, and social skills necessary to bring forth change within the community, starting with the children.[22] There is also public housing and food services who the citizens of South Boston who require such needs. The food assistance is available at schools and other locations throughout the area of South Boston to assist the citizens to make sure they do not go hungry.[23] The public housing is run through MassHousing, which offers plans for people to rent or buy affordable property.[24] There is also an elderly assistance and elderly abuse hotline to keep the older loved ones safe from harm. There is also Fuel assistance and Legal assistance to anyone who needs it in South Boston. The Fuel assistance is available all year around, and especially in the winter so people don't have to be cold due their lack of fuel.[25][26]
Community resources and organizations List
- South Boston Neighborhood House[27]
- South Boston Boys and Girls Club (Part of the Boys & Girls Clubs of Boston)[28]
- Labouré Center[29]
- South Boston Branch Library[30]
- South Boston Community Health Center[31]
- South Boston Action Center
- Paraclete Center
- Tynan Community Center
- PAL Gym
Parks
Shoreline of Dorchester Bay
Fort Independence, a pentagonal five-bastioned, granite fort built between 1834 and 1851, is the dominating feature of Castle Island. This 22-acre urban park is connected to the mainland by both pedestrian and vehicular causeways. Pleasure Bay, the M Street Beach and Carson Beach form a three-mile segment of parkland and beach along the South Boston shoreline of Dorchester Bay. Carson Beach offers some beautiful views and great public amenities: a rehabilitated Mothers' Rest, public restrooms, exhibit space, first aid and lifeguard functions, while the outdoor courtyards allow space for passive recreation. Carson Beach also features a walkway which allows one to walk, bike, or run along the water's edge from Castle Island to the Kennedy Library.
Fort Independence and Castle Island are on the State and National Registers of Historic Places, and the fort is a National Historic Landmark. Fort Independence is open from Memorial Day to Columbus Day, hours vary. Fort tours are conducted by the Castle Island Association in the summer months and there is interpretive signage for self-guided tours. The principal program theme, the History of Castle Island, stresses the role of the fort in harbor defense."[32]
Thomas Park
Atop the Dorchester Heights hill sits a tall monument commemorating the Patriot battery that drove the British out of Boston. A popular site to view the Fourth of July fireworks, the Thomas Park (the oval drive around Dorchester Heights) area is one of the most attractive areas in South Boston.
M Street Park
Between M and N streets and north of Broadway, the M Street Park was one of the most desirable addresses in Boston in the late 19th century, and the brownstone buildings overlooking the park on the south side of the park remain some of the best examples of this style of architecture in New England. M Street Park is also home to the 1st standing Vietnam memorial in the nation included in this memorial are all the names of the South Boston residents who gave their lives fighting for the freedom of the United States. Also a popular spot for, families, dog lovers, and for watching the St Patrick's Day Parade. In addition also, two softball fields, little league field, basketball court, and play ground all contribute to the beautiful neighborhood which is South Boston.
Demographics
South Boston is traditionally an Irish working-class neighborhood ever since the Irish migrated to Boston due to the infamous Great Famine that occurred in Ireland. However, since then the neighborhood has continued to diversify and blend different cultures and ethnic backgrounds together. As of the 2010 Census the total population is estimated to be around 35,200,[33] with whites representing 76.3% of the population. The Hispanic and Latino population has grown to 10.8% and the Black population grew to 6.5%. Another notable ethnic group that calls South Boston home are people of Asian descent. The Asian people in the neighborhood of South Boston make up 4.71% of the population currently living there. When race and age intersect it is interesting to note that the percent of White folks above the age of 18 increases while all the other ethnic groups decreases. The White population as it stands in the most recent data is 80.19%. While the Black population is at 5.55%, Hispanic population at 8.54%, and Asian population at 4.39%. Currently 92.03% of the current housing in South Boston is occupied while approximately 7.97% of the current housing is vacant.[33]
Urban policy
Olympic Bidding of 2024
South Boston has been nominated to be selected to be the host city for the Olympics in the year 2024 by the Olympic Selection Committee. Supporters of the Boston 2024 Olympics are hopeful the 70,000 new temporary jobs will bring in money to the community, while people opposing the Boston 2024 campaign are skeptical of the amount of costs the construction and development will take while building the new grounds and facilities. It is also said by John Fish, head of Suffolk Construction and chairman of Boston 2024 states hosting the Olympics would lead to better transportation and housing for the entire state of Massachusetts. He goes on to state that, "There's no question: These games are a catalyst for economic growth, job creation and prosperity".[34] Right now there is currently no further information about how the Olympics would affect the neighborhood of South Boston if Boston were to win the Olympic bid for the right to host the Olympics in the year 2024.
Public housing
South Boston is home to some of the oldest public housing in the United States.[35] In the last 30 years they have changed from having a mostly Irish American population to a more ethnically mixed population.[citation needed] The housing facilities are under the control of the Boston Housing Authority (BHA)[36] and include West Broadway which was built in 1949 and occupies 20 acres (81,000 m2),[37] West Ninth Street[38] (these three facilities are next to each other and commonly called D street), Old Colony which was built in 1941,[39] and Mary Ellen McCormack, which is the BHA's oldest development, being constructed in the 1930s. It was originally called Old Harbor Village.[40]
Other developments are Harbor Point (HP is in Dorchester), Foley[41] and Monsignor Powers.[42]
As of the June 26th, 2014 city officials and civilians officially celebrated the second phase of completion of the second face of construction and redevelopment of the Old Colony housing project that took place in the neighborhood of South Boston that began construction back in 2009. The phase two completion is huge milestone because this phase included important aspects such as: high-efficiency affordable housing in town-house style and four-story elevator buildings. Part of this project was funded by a HOPE VI grant which ensured $22-million dollars for the project. In order to have built these new public houses for the citizens of South Boston 223 original apartments alone Old Colony Ave up to Dorchester Street and over to Reverend Burke Street. These affordable housing units for the citizens of South Boston are some of the greenest and environmentally friendly public houses in the entire Commonwealth. In the future the Boston Housing Authority and its partners are looking to redevelop the remaining 453 original housing units in South Boston, as of right now there is no further information.[43]
Transportation
South Boston is served by two Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Red Line rapid transit stations: Broadway and Andrew. In addition due to the development and revitalization of the South Boston Waterfront area, lead to the opening of a new station in South Boston. This new station was built and given the name of World Trade Center Station, this new location can be found on Congress St. in South Boston Waterfront. This is an affordable and safe way to travel throughout the Boston area. A ticket costs under $3 while an unlimited pass will cost $75.[44]
MBTA bus service connects these stations with the residential areas of South Boston, downtown Boston and the Back Bay. The MBTA Silver Line, a Bus rapid transit service running partly in a tunnel from South Station, also serves the north side of South Boston. South Boston is also served by five bus routes including the numbers 5, 7, 9, 10, 11. Similarly to the subway, the busing industry in South Boston also benefited from revitalization and development that took place under the late Mayor Menino during his time serving the city of Boston. The World Trade Center station also doubles as a bus station that connects this part of South Boston to other parts of the neighborhood. The bus tickets are under $2.50 while a monthly bus pass is $50. This bus station can be found on Congress St.[44]
Movies about South Boston
For 1996, Good Will Hunting showed the Working Class Irish side of parts of South Boston, concerned with whether the Character played by Matt Damon wished to get out, seeing he had a rare mathematical ability.
In 2006 a movie directed by Martin Scorsese and produced by Brad Pitt called The Departed was inspired by the events that took place in Boston during Whitey Bulger's reign as the kingpin of the Irish mafia. The 2006 film adaptation loosely based on the life of Whitey Bulger was headlined by A-list actors which include: Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg. This film has been nominated for many awards and has also won many awards. This film receives high praise from movie critics.[45]
2007 saw Gone, Baby, Gone, about the Kidnapping of a little girl from a depressed working class area of nearby Dorchester, not South Boston as commonly believed, and showing the gritty reality of a rough part of town where people did not seem to have much hope, though the area depicted in the kidnaping is now rapidly gentrifying.
In 2015, Whitey Bulger was portrayed in another film. This film, Black Mass, is also inspired by the criminal activity that Whitey Bulger was part of during his time running the Irish mob in South Boston up until his capture. Similarly to The Departed many A-list actors signed on to this project as well, including Johnny Depp and Benedict Cumberbatch.[46]
Notable residents
South Boston has been the birthplace and home to a number of notable people, including:
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- James "Whitey" Bulger, brother of William M. Bulger and convicted organized crime head. Was on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list until his arrest in Santa Monica, California on June 22, 2011, and was convicted in August 2013 on 31 counts of racketeering, money laundering, extortion, and weapons charges. The film The Departed is partially based on his story as well as South Boston's criminal underworld.
- William M. Bulger, former president of the Massachusetts Senate, former president of the University of Massachusetts and brother of James "Whitey" Bulger.
- James Connolly, athlete and author who, in 1896, became the first modern Olympic champion.
- John Cunniff, National Hockey League hockey coach and former professional player who appeared in 65 World Hockey Association regular season games between 1972 and 1976.
- Richard Cushing, prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Boston from 1944 to 1970, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958.
- John Ferruggio, led the evacuation of Pan Am Flight 93, in 1970.[47]
- Michael F. Flaherty, an at-large member of Boston City Council. He is a member of the Democratic Party and was elected city council president every year from 2002 to 2006.
- Raymond Flynn, Boston's mayor from 1984 to 1993 and the U.S. ambassador to the Holy See, from 1993 to 1997.
- Brian Goodman, film and television director, writer and actor.
- James Healy, America's first Catholic bishop of African descent.
- William Henry Houghton, fourth president of Moody Bible Institute, in Chicago.
- James M. "Jim" Kelly, former Boston city councilor, council president and community activist.
- George Kenneally, former pro-football player with a number of teams. most notably the Philadelphia Eagles.
- David Lindsay-Abaire, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and lyricist.
- Edward Lawrence Logan, National Guard general, politician, judge at South Boston District Court and namesake of the Logan International Airport
- Stephen Lynch, politician, a Democrat serving in the United States House of Representatives. He was one of the lead investigators in the "Banned substances in baseball" investigation.[citation needed]
- John William McCormack, politician who served as a member of U.S. House of Representatives from 1928 until he retired from political life in 1971. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the House Majority Leader three times and as the Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1962 until 1971.
- Will McDonough, sportswriter for The Boston Globe and television analyst.
- Joe Moakley, U.S. congressman serving as a Democrat and the last chairman of the United States House Committee on Rules.
- Patrick Nee, former mobster, Vietnam veteran, author. Former associate of James "Whitey" Bulger.
- Brian Noonan, hockey player who won the Stanley Cup in 1994 with New York Rangers.
- Kevin Weeks, former mobster, and former lieutenant to James Bulger in the Winter Hill Gang, Federal witness, and author.
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ Topographical History of South Boston. 1970.
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- ↑ Boston Waterfront Guide
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- ↑ "Seaport makeover to begin next year". Boston Metro, 23 September 2010, p 3.
- ↑ James M. Kelly, long-time city councilor and South Boston icon, dies. Boston Globe, January 9, 2007.
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- ↑ Cf. Sammarco (2006), p.25
- ↑ History of the South Baptist Church, Boston, Boston : Alfred Mudge & Son, 1865.
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- ↑ BGXB.org
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ BPL.org
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- ↑ Mass.gov
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- ↑ Boston Connects. South Boston Archived September 28, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
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Sources
- Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell; Rosenberg, Charlie, South Boston: Then & Now, Arcadia Publishing Company, 2006
Further reading
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Boston. |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Boston/South Boston#Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|South Boston]]. |
- South Boston Online
- South Boston Tribune
- South Boston Neighborhood at City of Boston.gov
- Southie's St Patrick's Day Parade
- South Boston on Boston.com
- Boston Public Library. Boston Pictorial Archive. Images of South Boston
- South Boston Waterfront Photo Gallery
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015
- Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012
- Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009
- Pages using div col with small parameter
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- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- South Boston
- Ethnic enclaves in the United States
- Irish-American culture
- Irish-American culture in Boston, Massachusetts
- Irish-American history
- Irish-American neighborhoods
- Neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts
- Polish communities in the United States