Shared lane marking

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File:Sharrows Toronto 2011.jpg
A shared-lane marking in Toronto, Canada

A shared-lane marking or sharrow[1] is a street marking installed at locations in Australia, Canada, United States or Spain. This marking is placed in the travel lane to indicate where people should preferably cycle.

According to the US Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, shared-lane markings are used to:

  • Assist cyclists with lateral positioning in a shared lane with on-street parallel parking in order to reduce the chance of a bicyclist impacting the open door of a parked vehicle;
  • Assist cyclists with lateral positioning in lanes that are too narrow for a motor vehicle and a bicycle to travel side by side within the same traffic lane;
  • Alert motorists of the lateral location bicyclists are likely to occupy within the traveled way;
  • Encourage safe passing of bicyclists by motorists; and
  • Reduce the incidence of wrong-way bicycling.[2]

History

These markings are used in the USA, Australia and other countries. In US usage, the wide shape of the arrow, combined with the bike symbol, gave rise to unofficial names such as "bike in a house" or "sharrow". In the UK roughly the same function is served by a bicycle symbol without arrows. However, this tends to be used more as an indication of a formal cycle route rather than as an encouragement to share the road.

The original "bike in a house" or "man jumping barrels at home" marking was developed by James Mackay and included in the 1993 Denver Bicycle Master Plan.[3] While Mackay had considered a "connect the dots" pavement markings approach for bicycle route definition and cyclist lane positioning reinforcement (during his time as the Bicycle Facilities Engineer for the North Carolina Department of Transportation), the City of Denver's unwillingness to commit to bike lane markings meant that shared lane markings were the only pavement marking treatment for bicyclists that the City would implement. The hollow arrow surrounding the cyclist was intended to reinforce the correct direction of travel for bicyclists (who were frequently observed riding the wrong way, against traffic, in Denver).[4]

In 2004, the city of San Francisco, California began experimenting with the shared lane marking,[5] and developed a revised symbol consisting of a bicycle symbol with two chevron markings above the bicycle. In the process, the name sharrow was coined by Oliver Gajda, of the City and County of San Francisco Bicycle Program, and is a portmanteau of share and arrow.[6][lower-alpha 1]

In a 2009 paper,[8] Northeastern University researcher Peter G. Furth proposed the "Bicycle Priority Lane", which combines sharrows with dotted lines inside the usual lane markings. This marks a five-foot-wide zone in the center of the lane which bicyclists are encouraged to use. The city of Boston, Massachusetts began experimenting with these markings in 2013.[9]

Effectiveness

File:Sharrow Grand Street (Manhattan).jpg
Shared-lane markings alternating with full bike lanes in Grand Street (Manhattan).

Behavioral studies have shown that streets with shared lane arrows increase separation between motor vehicles and cyclists, encourage cyclists to ride outside of the door zone, and may reduce wrong way cycling and sidewalk cycling, which are associated with increased crash risk.[10][11]

However, another study based on hospital records shows no statistically significant reduction in injuries, and possibly a small increase.[12]

Usage

North America

Based on the San Francisco experimental data, in August 2004 the California Traffic Control Devices Committee (CTCDC) approved the use of this marking in California.[13] In the 2009 edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, shared lane markings were approved for general use.[14] The city of Seattle, Washington included extensive use of shared lane markings in its Bicycle Master Plan of early 2007.[15] The concept has since been implemented by cities throughout the United States.[16]

Shared lane marking has been adopted in Canada, being used in localities ranging from Montreal[17] to Vancouver.[18]

Worldwide

File:Vichy - Avenue du Pt Doumer vers gare SNCF.jpg
Advisory lane (on the right) and shared lane (on the left) in Vichy, France
File:Picto corridor Praha Vršovická.jpg
Cyklopiktokoridor in Prague
File:395c tram+car+cycling Steintor Bremen.jpg
Bike logos between tram rails in Bremen

For several years, the traffic rules of France have allowed shared lanes, there called voies partagées, in addition to two types of dedicated bike lanes. One of those is obligatory, the other one is not obligatory, but also reserved for bicycles. All have the same pictograms on the street surface, but are distinguished by roadside signs.

In the Czech Republic, a series of sharrows on shared lanes are called Cyklopiktokoridor which translates as "cycle pictogram corridors". For cycle lanes with marked limits, a strict type and a soft type exist (as in France), and are distinguished by different pictograms.

The concept of shared lane markings has also appeared in Spain [19] and New Zealand. [20]

In Germany, the concept is not yet established officially, but some local authorities use simple bike logos for the same purpose, without having a specific term for them.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Compare Feb 2004 report, which uses shared lane marking,[5] and minutes of July 2004 meeting, which uses sharrow.[7]

References

  1. ↑ 23rd Streetscape Project, City of Richmond website, access date December 28, 2008
  2. ↑ Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Part 9, Traffic Control for Bicycle Facilities, 2009, [1]
  3. ↑ 1993 Denver, Colorado Bicycle Plan
  4. ↑ e-mail from James Mackay to John S. Allen, May 21, 2011
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ San Francisco Bay Bikers blog entry on San Francisco Chronicle site
  7. ↑ San Francisco Bicycle Advisory Committee (BAC): Regular Meeting Minutes, Wednesday, July 21, 2004
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Alternate URL
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ CTCDC Minutes, August 12, 2004
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ "Two more weeks to comment on city bike plan", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, May 4, 2007
  16. ↑ ATSSA webpage on MUTCD experimentation & interpretation letters
  17. ↑ Christopher deWolf. "Follow the sharrows." Spacing Montreal, August 29, 2007
  18. ↑ "Sharrows, shared use markings"
  19. ↑ "Red de carriles bici"
  20. ↑ [2]

External links

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