List of Assyrian kings

The list of Assyrian kings is compiled from the Assyrian King List, an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia (modern northern Iraq) with information added from recent archaeological findings. The Assyrian King List includes regnal lengths that appear to have been based on now lost limmu lists (which list the names of eponymous officials for each year). These regnal lengths accord well with Hittite, Babylonian and ancient Egyptian king lists and with the archaeological record, and are considered reliable for the age.^[1]

Prior to the discovery of cuneiform tablets listing ancient Assyrian kings, scholars before the 19th century only had access to two complete Assyrian King Lists, one found in Eusebius of Caesarea's Chronicle (c. 325 AD), of which two editions exist^[2] and secondly a list found in the Excerpta Latina Barbari.

An incomplete list of 16 Assyrian kings was also preserved in the literature of Sextus Julius Africanus. Other very fragmentary Assyrian king lists have come down to us written by the Greeks and Romans such as Ctesias of Cnidus (c. 400 BC) and the Roman authors Castor of Rhodes (1st century BC) and Cephalion (1st century AD).

Unlike the cuneiform tablets, the Greek-language list are not considered to be wholly factual and thus are only considered to contain minor historical truths. Some scholars argue further that they are either entire fabrications or fiction.

Cuneiform Sources

There are three extant cuneiform tablet versions of the Assyrian King List, and two fragments.^[3] They date to the early first millennium BC — the oldest, List A (8th century BC) stopping at Tiglath-Pileser II (ca. 967–935 BC) and the youngest, List C, at Shalmaneser V (727–722 BC). Assyriologists believe the list was originally compiled to link Shamshi-Adad I (fl. ca. 1700 BC (short)), an Amorite who had conquered Assur, to the native rulers of the land of Assur. Scribes then copied the List and added to it over time.^[4] Before Erishum I the list gives no regnal lengths are given for kings.

The following kings are listed from the list of cuneiform tablets.

Early Period

Kings who lived in tents

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a HTML "div" (division) open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type	Family	Handles wiki table code?	Responsive/ Mobile suited	Start template	Column divider	End template
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Columns	"Columns-list"	No	Yes	{{Columns-list}} (wraps div col)	–	–
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Table	"Col"	Yes	No	{{Col-begin}}, {{Col-begin-fixed}} or {{Col-begin-small}}	{{Col-break}} or {{Col-2}} .. {{Col-5}}	{{Col-end}}

Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead. This section shows marked similarities to the ancestors of the first Babylonian dynasty.^[4] According to the Cambridge Ancient History, the conclusion of this section "marked the end of the nomadic period of the Assyrian people" and "visualized Ushpia as the actual founder of the Semitic city of Ashur"^[5]

Kings who are ancestors/whose fathers are known

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a HTML "div" (division) open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type	Family	Handles wiki table code?	Responsive/ Mobile suited	Start template	Column divider	End template
Float	"Col-float"	Yes	Yes	{{Col-float}}	{{Col-float-break}}	{{Col-float-end}}
Float	"Columns-start"	Yes	Yes	{{Columns-start}}	{{Column}}	{{Columns-end}}
Columns	"Div col"	Yes	Yes	{{Div col}}	–	{{Div col end}}
Columns	"Columns-list"	No	Yes	{{Columns-list}} (wraps div col)	–	–
Flexbox	"Flex columns"	No	Yes	{{Flex columns}}	–	–
Table	"Col"	Yes	No	{{Col-begin}}, {{Col-begin-fixed}} or {{Col-begin-small}}	{{Col-break}} or {{Col-2}} .. {{Col-5}}	{{Col-end}}

Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead. This section, which in contrast to the rest of the list, was written in reverse order, beginning with Aminu and ending with Apiashal, has often been interpreted as a list of Shamshi-Adad's ancestors.^[4] In keeping with this assumption, scholars have inferred that the original form of the Assyrian Kinglist was written, among other things, as an "attempt to justify that Shamshi-Adad was a legitimate ruler of the city-state Assur and to obscure his non-Assyrian antecedents by incorporating his ancestors into a native Assyrian genealogy".^[4] However, this interpretation was not accepted universally; the Cambridge Ancient History rejected this interpretation and instead interpreted the section as the ancestors of Sulili.^[5]

Kings whose Eponyms are not known

These are early rulers of Assur.^[4]

Column-generating template families

The templates listed here are not interchangeable. For example, using {{col-float}} with {{col-end}} instead of {{col-float-end}} would leave a HTML "div" (division) open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting.

Column templates
Type	Family	Handles wiki table code?	Responsive/ Mobile suited	Start template	Column divider	End template
Float	"Col-float"	Yes	Yes	{{Col-float}}	{{Col-float-break}}	{{Col-float-end}}
Float	"Columns-start"	Yes	Yes	{{Columns-start}}	{{Column}}	{{Columns-end}}
Columns	"Div col"	Yes	Yes	{{Div col}}	–	{{Div col end}}
Columns	"Columns-list"	No	Yes	{{Columns-list}} (wraps div col)	–	–
Flexbox	"Flex columns"	No	Yes	{{Flex columns}}	–	–
Table	"Col"	Yes	No	{{Col-begin}}, {{Col-begin-fixed}} or {{Col-begin-small}}	{{Col-break}} or {{Col-2}} .. {{Col-5}}	{{Col-end}}

Can template handle the basic wiki markup {| | || |- |} used to create tables? If not, special templates that produce these elements (such as {{(!}}, {{!}}, {{!!}}, {{!-}}, {{!)}})—or HTML tags (<table>...</table>, <tr>...</tr>, etc.)—need to be used instead.

Old Assyrian Period

Damage to the tablets in all three extant King Lists before Enlil-nasir II (ca. 1420–1415 BC (short)) prevents the calculation of approximate regnal dates from Erishum I to this point. Additionally, three kings attested elsewhere from this period are not included in the standard King List. The remainder of the King List then has an unbroken chain of regnal lengths from Enlil-nasir II on. Disparities between the different versions of the King List for the reigns of Ashur-nadin-apli (ca. 1196–1194 BC (short)) and Ninurta-apal-Ekur (ca. 1182–1180 BC (short)) contribute to the debate over the chronology of the ancient Near East.^[4]^[6]

Middle Assyrian Period

The dates up to Ninurta-apal-Ekur (ca. 1182–1180 BC) are subject to debate, as some of the regnal lengths vary over the different versions of the King List. The dates given below are based on Assyrian King Lists B and C, which give only three years to Ashur-nadin-apli, and the same to Ninurta-apal-Ekur. (Assyrian King List A gives four years to Ashur-nadin-apli and 13 years to Ninurta-apal-Ekur.^[11]) This timeframe is also subject to the overall debate about the chronology of the ancient Near East; the short (or low) chronology is used here.

Dates from 1179 to 912 BC, although less secure than dates from 911 BC onwards, are not subject to the chronology debate.^[10]

Adad-nirari III (811–783 BC)

Neo-Assyrian Period

Neo-Assyrian Empire (824 & 671 BC)

Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727 BC)

Ashurbanipal (669–631 BC)

Synchronisms between the limmu lists and absolute dates known from Babylonian chronology provide good absolute dates for the years between 911 BC and 649 BC.

The dates for the very end of the Assyrian period are uncertain due to the lack of limmu lists after 649 BC. Some sources list Ashurbanipal's death in 631 BC, rather than 627 BC; Ashur-etil-ilani then reigns from 631 to 627, and Sin-shar-ishkun reigns until 612 BC, when he is known to have died in the sack of Nineveh.^[10]

Fragmentary Greek and Roman Lists

Ctesias

Ctesias, as court physician to Artaxerxes II, claimed to have access to the royal historical records. Ctesias' list of Assyrian kings was included in his Persica, a work covering the history of Persia, but the first 3 books were dedicated to pre-Persian Assyria entitled "The History of the Assyrians". How much of Ctesias' king list is factual history is still debated. While most scholars agree large parts are fiction, it is generally agreed that there is historical truth based on the probability his list was rooted in transmitted oral tradition.^[18]^[19] Classical scholar Robert Drews, however, has argued that Ctesias' list contains information from Babylonian tablets.^[20] Although Ctesias's entire work is lost, fragments of it are found preserved in Diodorus Siculus, Nicolaus of Damascus and Photius. From these fragments it is known Ctesias dated the founding of the Assyria to c. 2166 BC, by King Ninus, husband of Queen Semiramis, and 30 further Assyrian kings followed for 1300 years in succession to Sardanapalus (c. 866 BC).^[21] Ctesias' list of 30 successors from Ninus (and Semiramis) to Sardanapalus is lost.

Castor of Rhodes and Cephalion

In the 1st century BC, Castor of Rhodes compiled an Assyrian king list, similar to that of Ctesias'. Fragments only remain in mutilated form, but it is known from these fragments that Castor's Assyrian king list started with Belus, and, like Ctesias', included Ninus, also said to be the husband of Semiramis. However, Ninus equates in Castor's list to the second king, not the first and is said to have ruled for 52 years. Castor further dated Belus to 2123 BC.^[22] A fragment from Cephalion names Ninus' successor to be Ninyas, his son.

Julius Africanus

An incomplete list of 16 Assyrian kings is found in Sextus Julius Africanus' Chronographiai (early 3rd century AD):^[23]

Of the Assyrian Kings the 1st was Belus who reigned 55 years. Neenus .. .. 52 years. Semiramis .. .. 42. Ninaus (Ninyas?) who is called Zamis the son of Neenus and Semiramis; he reigned 38 years. Arius .. .. 30 years. Aralius .. .. .. 40. Xerxes .. .. .. 30. Armamithres .. 38. Belochos .. .. 35. Balaeus .. .. .. 52. Sethos .. .. .. 50. Mamuthos .. .. 30. Aschalius .. .. 28. Sphaerus .. .. 22. Mamulus .. .. 30. Spartheos .. .. 42.

Eusebius of Caesarea

Eusebius of Caesarea's Chronicle (c. 325 AD) contains a complete list of 36 Assyrian kings. Eusebius' King List

Excerpta Latina Barbari

A final list is found in the Excerpta Latina Barbari. The list can be found in Scaliger's Thesaurus temporum (1606). The list dates Belus, the first Assyrian king, to c. 2206 BC.^[24]

List in Arabic

The Arab historian al-Ya'qūbī included in his Kitāb al-ta'rīkh written in 873 CE a list of kings of "Mosul and Nineveh" comprising three identifiable Assyrian kings and a queen: Palūs/Tiglath-pileser II (965-936), Ninūs/Tukulti-Ninurta II (890-884), Lāwasnasir/Assurnasirpal II (883-859) and Shamīram/Semiramis (810-806).^[25]

According to Arab Scholars and reviewed by Sir Issac Newton in The Chronology of Nations ^[26]

Notes

↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ One the standard, the other a later Armenian translation.
↑ For discussion of king lists, see Poebel, “Assyrian King List,” 71–90; IJ Gelb, “Two Assyrian King Lists,”Journal of Near Eastern Studies 13 (1954): 209–30.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Hildegard Levy, "Assyria c. 2600-1816 B.C.", Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East, 729-770, p. 745-746.)
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cambridge
↑ For variants, see footnotes 49–56 in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Comments on the Nassouhi Kinglist and the Assyrian Kinglist Tradition, J.A. Brinkman, Orientalia N.S 42, 1973
↑ Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC, A.K. Grayson, University of Toronto Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8020-2605-2
↑ The Chronology of Ancient Assyria Re-assessed, B. Newgrosh, JACF, vol. 08, pp. 78-106, 1999
↑ Landscape and Settlement in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, T. J. Wilkinson, E. B. Wilkinson, J. Ur, M. Altaweel, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, November 2005
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
↑ "Ctesias' Persian History: Introduction, text, and translation", Jan P. Stronk, Wellem Verlag, 2010, pp.30-36.
↑ Felix Jacoby cf. FGrH 688 T 11, T 13, T 19, shows ancient authorities that considered the king list to be sensational, semi-fictional or unrealistic at the time.
↑ Assyria in Classical Universal Histories, Robert Drews, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 14, H. 2 (Apr., 1965), pp. 129-142
↑ Drews, 1965, p. 30.
↑ "Ovid, Varro, and Castor of Rhodes: The Chronological Architecture of the 'Metamorphoses'", Thomas Cole, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 102, (2004), pp. 355-422.
↑ Preserved by George Syncellus, found in Cory's Ancient Fragments, 1826, p. 70.
↑ The Assyrian King list in the Excerpta Latina Barbari claims Belus ruled 1430 years before the first Olympiad (776 BC) thus dating him to 2206 BC.
↑ Dierk Lange, The founding of Kanem by Assyrian Refugees ca. 600 BCE: Documentary, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence, Boston, 2011, p. 29.
↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

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External links

Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons

[1] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[2] One the standard, the other a later Armenian translation.

[3] For discussion of king lists, see Poebel, “Assyrian King List,” 71–90; IJ Gelb, “Two Assyrian King Lists,”Journal of Near Eastern Studies 13 (1954): 209–30.

[Reallexikon-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[CAH-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Hildegard Levy, "Assyria c. 2600-1816 B.C.", Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East, 729-770, p. 745-746.)

[6] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[Glassner2-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[livius-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[Glassner-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[cambridge-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cambridge

[11] For variants, see footnotes 49–56 in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[12] Comments on the Nassouhi Kinglist and the Assyrian Kinglist Tradition, J.A. Brinkman, Orientalia N.S 42, 1973

[13] Assyrian Rulers of the Third and Second Millennia BC, A.K. Grayson, University of Toronto Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8020-2605-2

[14] The Chronology of Ancient Assyria Re-assessed, B. Newgrosh, JACF, vol. 08, pp. 78-106, 1999

[15] Landscape and Settlement in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, T. J. Wilkinson, E. B. Wilkinson, J. Ur, M. Altaweel, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, November 2005

[16] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[17] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

[18] "Ctesias' Persian History: Introduction, text, and translation", Jan P. Stronk, Wellem Verlag, 2010, pp.30-36.

[19] Felix Jacoby cf. FGrH 688 T 11, T 13, T 19, shows ancient authorities that considered the king list to be sensational, semi-fictional or unrealistic at the time.

[20] Assyria in Classical Universal Histories, Robert Drews, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 14, H. 2 (Apr., 1965), pp. 129-142

[21] Drews, 1965, p. 30.

[22] "Ovid, Varro, and Castor of Rhodes: The Chronological Architecture of the 'Metamorphoses'", Thomas Cole, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 102, (2004), pp. 355-422.

[23] Preserved by George Syncellus, found in Cory's Ancient Fragments, 1826, p. 70.

[24] The Assyrian King list in the Excerpta Latina Barbari claims Belus ruled 1430 years before the first Olympiad (776 BC) thus dating him to 2206 BC.

[25] Dierk Lange, The founding of Kanem by Assyrian Refugees ca. 600 BCE: Documentary, Linguistic, and Archaeological Evidence, Boston, 2011, p. 29.

[26] Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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King name	Reigned^[7]^[8]	Notes^[7]^[8]
Old Assyrian Period
Erishum I	fl. ca. 1905-1867 BC (30 or 40 years)	"son of Ilu-shuma"; contemporary of Sumuabum first ruler of Babylonia; said to have built the temple of Ashur
Ikunum	(damaged text)	"son of Ilushuma" 1867 - 1860 BC
Sargon I	(damaged text)	"son of Ikunum"
Puzur-Ashur II	(damaged text)	"son of Sargon (I)"
Naram-Suen (Naram-Sin)	(damaged text)	"son of Puzur-Ashur (II)"
Erishum II	(damaged text)	"son of Naram-Suen"
Shamshi-Adad I	fl. ca. 1700 BC (short) (33 years)	"son of (local ruler) Ila-kabkabu, went to Karduniash in the time of Naram-Suen. In the eponymy of Ibni-Adad, Shamshi-Adad went up from Karduniash. He took Ekallatum, where he stayed three years. In the eponymy of Atamar-Ishtar, Shamshi-Adad went up from Ekallatum. He ousted Erishum (II), son of Naram-Suen, from the throne and took it."; He was in turn conquered by Hammurabi of Babylon.
Ishme-Dagan I	(40 years)	"son of Shamshi-Adad (I)"
Mut-Ashkur	(unknown)	son of Ishme-Dagan I, married to a Hurrian queen; not included in the standard King List, but attested elsewhere^[9]
Remu...	(unknown)	included in the alternative King List fragment, last part of name lost; not included in the standard King List^[9]
Asinum	(unknown)	grandson of Shamshi-Adad I, driven out by vice-regent Puzur-Sin because he was of Amorite extraction; not included in the standard King List, but attested in Puzur-Sin's inscription^[9]
Seven usurpers: Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi	(unknown)	Adasi drove the Babylonians and Amorites from Assyria circa 1720 BC
Bel-bani	(10 years)	"son of Adasi"
Libaya	(17 years)	"son of Bel-bani"
Sharma-Adad I	(12 years)	"son of Libaya"
Iptar-Sin	(12 years)	"son of Sharma-Adad (I)"
Bazaya	(28 years)	"son of Iptar-Suen"
Lullaya	(6 years)	"son of a nobody"
Shu-Ninua	(14 years)	"son of Bazaya"
Sharma-Adad II	(3 years)	"son of Shu-Ninua"
Erishum III	(13 years)	"son of Shu-Ninua"
Shamshi-Adad II	(6 years)	"son of Erishum (III)"
Ishme-Dagan II	(16 years)	"son of Shamshi-Adad (II)"
Shamshi-Adad III	(16 years)	" son of (another) Ishme-Dagan, brother of Sharma-Adad (II), son of Shu-Ninua"
Ashur-nirari I	(26 years)	"son of Ishme-Dagan"
Puzur-Ashur III	(24 or 14 years)	"son of Ashur-nirari (I)"; contemporary of Burna-Buriash I of Babylonia^[10]
Enlil-nasir I	(13 years)	"son of Puzur-Ashur (III)"
Nur-ili	(12 years)	"son Enlil-nasir (I)"
Ashur-shaduni	(1 month)	"son of Nur-ili"
Ashur-rabi I	(damaged text)	"son of Enlil-nasir (I), ousted him (Ashur-shaduni), (and) seized the throne"
Ashur-nadin-ahhe I	(damaged text)	"son of Ashur-rabi (I)"
Enlil-nasir II	ca. 1420–1415 BC (short)	"his (Ashur-nadin-ahhe I's) brother, ousted him"
Ashur-nirari II	ca. 1414–1408 BC (short)	"son of Enlil-nasir (II)"
Ashur-bel-nisheshu	ca. 1407–1399 BC (short)	"son of Ashur-nirari (II)"
Ashur-rim-nisheshu	ca. 1398–1391 BC (short)	"son of Ashur-bel-nisheshu"
Ashur-nadin-ahhe II	ca. 1390–1381 BC (short)	"son of Ashur-rim-nisheshu"

King name	Reigned^[12]^[13]^[14]	Notes^[7]^[8]
Middle Assyrian Period
Eriba-Adad I	ca. 1380–1353 BC (short)	"son of Ashur-bel-nisheshu"
Ashur-uballit I	ca. 1353–1318 BC (short)	"son of Eriba-Adad (I)"
Enlil-nirari	ca. 1317–1308 BC (short)	"son of Ashur-uballit"
Arik-den-ili	ca. 1307–1296 BC (short)	"son of Enlil-nirari"
Adad-nirari I	ca. 1295–1264 BC (short)	"son of Arik-den-ili"
Shalmaneser I	ca. 1263–1234 BC (short)	"son of Adad-nirari (I)"
Tukulti-Ninurta I	ca. 1233–1197 BC (short)	"son of Shalmaneser (I)"
Ashur-nadin-apli	ca. 1196–1194 BC (short)	"during the lifetime of Tukulti-ninurta (I), Ashur-nadin-apli, his son, seized the throne"
Ashur-nirari III	ca. 1193–1188 BC (short)	"son of Ashur-nadin-apli"
Enlil-kudurri-usur	ca. 1187–1183 BC (short)	"son of Tukulti-Ninurta (I)"
Ninurta-apal-Ekur	ca. 1182–1180 BC (short)	"son of Ila-Hadda, a descendant of Eriba-Adad (I), went to Karduniash. He came up from Karduniash (and) seized the throne."
Beginning with Ashur-Dan I, dates are consistent and not subject to middle/short chronology distinctions.
Ashur-Dan I	ca. 1179–1133 BC	"son of Ashur-nadin-apli"
Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur	ca. 1133 BC	"son of Ashur-dan (I), briefly"
Mutakkil-nusku	ca. 1133 BC	"his (Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur's) brother, fought him and took him to Karduniash. Mutakkil-Nusku held the throne briefly, then died."
Ashur-resh-ishi I	ca. 1133–1115 BC	"son of Mutakkil-Nusku"
Tiglath-Pileser I	ca. 1115–1076 BC	"son of Ashur-resh-ishi (I)"
Asharid-apal-Ekur	ca. 1076–1074 BC	"son of Tiglath-pileser (I)"
Ashur-bel-kala	ca. 1074–1056 BC	"son of Tiglath-pileser (I)"
Eriba-Adad II	ca. 1056–1054 BC	"son of Ashur-bel-kala"
Shamshi-Adad IV	ca. 1054–1050 BC	"son of Tiglath-pileser (I), came up from Karduniash. He ousted Eriba-Adad (II), son of Ashur-bel-kala, (and) seized the throne"
Ashur-nasir-pal I	ca. 1050–1031 BC	"son of Shamshi-Adad (IV)"
Shalmaneser II	ca. 1031–1019 BC	"son of Ashur-nasir-pal (I)"
Ashur-nirari IV	ca. 1019–1013 BC	"son of Shalmaneser (II)"
Ashur-rabi II	ca. 1013–972 BC	"son of Ashur-nasir-pal (I)"
Ashur-resh-ishi II	ca. 972–967 BC	"son of Ashur-rabi (II)"
Tiglath-Pileser II	ca. 967–935 BC	"son of Ashur-resh-ishi (II)"
Ashur-Dan II	ca. 935–912 BC	"son of Tiglath-Pileser (II)"

King name	Reigned^[15]^[16]^[17]	Notes^[7]^[8]
Neo-Assyrian Period
Adad-nirari II	912–891 BC	"son of Ashur-Dan (II)"
Tukulti-Ninurta II	891–884 BC	"son of Adad-nirari (II)"
Ashur-nasir-pal II	884–859 BC	"son of Tukulti-Ninurta (II)"
Shalmaneser III	859–824 BC	"son of Ashur-nasir-pal (II)"
Shamshi-Adad V	824–811 BC	"son of Shalmaneser (III)"
Shammu-ramat, regent, 811–808 BC
Adad-nirari III	811–783 BC	"son of Shamshi-Adad (V)"
Shalmaneser IV	783–773 BC	"son of Adad-nirari (III)"
Ashur-Dan III	773–755 BC	"son of Shalmaneser (IV)"; solar eclipse 763 BC^[10]
Ashur-nirari V	755–745 BC	"son of Adad-nirari (III)"
Tiglath-Pileser III	745–727 BC	"son of Ashur-nirari (V)"
Shalmaneser V	727–722 BC	"son of Tiglath-Pileser (III)"
End of the document known as Assyrian King List; the following kings reigned after the list had been composed.
Sargon II	722–705 BC
Sennacherib	705–681 BC
Esarhaddon	681–669 BC
The dates of the last kings are not certain.
Ashurbanipal	669–between 631 and 627 BC
Ashur-etil-ilani	ca. 631–627 BC
Sin-shumu-lishir	626 BC
Sin-shar-ishkun	ca. 627–612 BC	fall of Nineveh
In 612 BC, Nineveh, the Assyrian capital, fell to the Medes, Babylonians, and Scythians; supported by the Egyptians, an Assyrian general continued to rule for a few years from Harran.
Ashur-uballit II	612 BC–ca. 608 BC	Harran defeated by Cyaxares of Media and Nabopolassar of Babylonia

name	Reigned
the kings of assyria
pul	790 bc	belos, ninus, nimrod, fredun, asur
semiramis	760 bc	wife of Pul.
tigleth-pileser	747 bc	brother of nabonassar.
salmanesser	729 bc	Sargon
sennacherib	719 bc	war with egypt-ethiopia.
esarddon	711 bc	Conquest of egypt
chinyladdon	689 bc	nabuchodonosor, war with medes, the temple raids.
sarac	668 bc	sardanapalus.

List of Assyrian kings

Contents

Cuneiform Sources

Early Period

Kings who lived in tents

Column-generating template families

Kings who are ancestors/whose fathers are known

Column-generating template families

Kings whose Eponyms are not known

Column-generating template families

Old Assyrian Period

Middle Assyrian Period

Neo-Assyrian Period

Fragmentary Greek and Roman Lists

Ctesias

Castor of Rhodes and Cephalion

Julius Africanus

Eusebius of Caesarea

Excerpta Latina Barbari

List in Arabic

See also

Notes

References

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