South Australia Police

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South Australia Police
Coat of arms of the South Australia Police.svg
Logo of the South Australia Police
180px
Flag of the South Australia Police
Motto Keeping South Australia Safe
Agency overview
Formed 28 April, 1838
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction* State of South Australia, Australia
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters 100 Angas Street,
Adelaide, SA 5000
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Sworn members 5000
Police Commissioner responsible Grant Stevens
Units
List
  • Major Crime Investigation Branch
  • Special Tasks & Rescue Group
  • Operations Section
  • Water Operations Unit
  • Dog Operations Unit
  • Mounted Operations Unit
  • Traffic Services Support Branch
  • Forensic Services Branch
Facilities
Stations 138
Website
www.police.sa.gov.au
Footnotes
* Divisional agency: Division of the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction.

The South Australia Police (SAPOL) is the police force of the Australian state of South Australia. It is an agency of the Government of South Australia within the South Australian Department of Justice. SAPOL is directed by the Commissioner of Police, who then in turn reports to the Minister for Police.

History

Formally established in 1838 under Henry Inman,[1] the force is the oldest in Australasia and it is the third oldest organised Police Service in the World. Unlike other Australian police forces, which originally employed soldiers or former convicts, the South Australia Police enlisted only volunteers. This occurred because South Australia was the only free colony on the continent.[1]

The early stages of the force

In the early stages of the force, the staffing team consisted of ten mounted constables and ten foot constables under the command of the Inspector Henry Inman.

By 1840, Major Thomas Shouldham O'Halloran was appointed as the first official Commissioner of Police. At this time, SAPOL consisted of one Superintendent, two Inspectors, three Sergeants and 47 Constables divided into foot and mounted sections.

From 1848 to 1867, SAPOL also served as the state fire and rescue service until the South Australian Metropolitan Fire Service was formed. They also supplied the Civil Ambulance Service 1880 til 1954 when it was taken over by the St John Ambulance Service.

Commissioners

Period Served Name Notes
28 April 1838 - 18 May 1840 Henry Inman [2][3]
8 June 1840 – 3 April 1843 Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran [4][5]
13 April 1843 – 12 May 1847 Boyle Travers Finniss [6][7]
12 May 1847 – 31 December 1851 George Fife Dashwood
28 January 1852 – 29 November 1853 Alexander Tolmer [8]
29 November 1853 – 13 February 1867 Peter Warburton [9]
13 February 1867 – 24 May 1882 George Hamilton [10]
3 May 1882 – 30 August 1896 William John Peterswald [11]
9 September 1896 – 31 December 1909 Lewis George Madley ISO VD
1 January 1910 – 30 June 1917 William Henry Raymond
30 June 1917 – 30 June 1920 Thomas Neptune Edwards
1 July 1920 – 30 June 1944 Sir Raymond Leane CB CMG DSO & Bar MC [12]
1 July 1944 – 1950 William Francis Johns CBE [13]
1950 – 10 April 1957 Ivor Bren Green LVO [11][14]
July 1957 – June 1972 John McKinna CMG CBE DSO LVO ED
June 1972 – 17 January 1978 Harold Salisbury QPM [15]
19 January 1978 – 1982 Laurence Draper QPM [16]
27 May 1982 – 1983 John Bryan Giles AO GM BEM QPM [17][18][19][20]
30 June 1983 – 31 December 1996 David Hunt AO QPM [21][22][23]
10 February 1997 – 20 July 2012 Malcolm Hyde AO APM [24][25][26]
20 July 2012 – 20 July 2015 Gary Burns BM APM [27][28][29]
21 July 2015 – Present Grant Stevens

Mission and authority

ADG Gawler Police Station
Hamley Bridge Police Station
Stirling Police Station
80's SAPOL Highway Patrol Car
1959 SAPOL Traffic Division Patrol Vehicle
SAPOL Force in 1938

Core services

  • Emergency assistance on 000
  • Non-urgent assistance on 131 444
  • Crime prevention
  • Child protection
  • Coordinating and managing emergency response
  • Responding to domestic violence
  • Undertaking police checks
  • Preventing vehicle crashes
  • Regulating road use
  • Registration and licensing of firearms
  • Administering expiation notices
  • Liquor licensing enforcement
  • Statewide security
  • Upholding the law.

Services and actions for the state

  • Advocacy
  • Education
  • Community engagement
  • Incident response
  • Investigation
  • Law enforcement
  • Prosecution
  • Victim support.[30]

Significant changes SAPOL has made to policing

  • 1893: Introduced bicycles for metropolitan and country foot police.
  • 1893: Pioneered the fingerprint system in Australia.
  • 1915: Appointed the first women police in the British Commonwealth - Kate Cocks and Annie Ross
  • 1987: The first Australian police service to introduce videotaping of 'suspect person' interviews.
  • 1999: The first Australian policing jurisdiction to appoint a female police officer, Senior Sergeant Jane Kluzek, to a tactical group.
  • 1993: Introduced Operation Nomad, as a policing initiative to reduce the threat of bushfires.
  • 1996: Crime Stoppers launched.
  • Established Neighbourhood Policing Teams in various metropolitan areas.
  • 2011: The first police jurisdiction in Australia to launch its own web platform connecting mobile phone users to the latest police news.

Organisation

SAPOL's structure consists of various units. Through chain of command, all units are accountable to the Commissioner. Services are the largest units, and are headed by a sworn Assistant Commissioner, or for areas which are not policing specific, such as information technology, a civilian Director. Services are directly accountable to either the Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner.[31][32]

Services are based on Local Service Areas (LSA) which provide operational policing services,[33] and Branches, which provide other specialised services or assistance.[34] These areas are further broken down into Sections. Larger sections may be divided into a number of Teams.

Local service areas in South Australia

Edihburgh Police Station.

Local Service Areas are the main organisational unit to provide policing services to the public. A local service area contains a number of police stations, and specialist services to support frontline police such as Detectives, Crime Scene Investigators and Traffic police.[35]

Northern Operations Service[36] Southern Operations Service[37]
Barossa LSA Eastern Adelaide LSA
Elizabeth LSA Hills Fleurieu LSA
Eyre and Western LSA Limestone Coast LSA
Far North LSA Murray Mallee LSA
Holden Hill LSA South Coast LSA
Yorke Mid-North LSA Sturt LSA
Western Adelaide LSA

Each LSA has a designated office known as a 'Complex' where majority of operations in the area start. The LSA then have smaller community police stations for quick policing access.

Divisions and sectors

SAPOL has specific divisions to handle different roles within the organisation. All members of these units are specifically trained for the roles that accompany their division.

  • General Operations—Handles all general policing operations.
  • Traffic Services—Handles traffic related operations.
  • Major Crime Investigations Branch—Investigation and detective unit.
  • Special Tasks and Rescue Force—Handles specialised operations that require heavily armed police. They are similar to American SWAT/ Canadian ERT.
  • Water Operations Unit—Handles operations in water.
  • Dog Operations Unit—Handles operations that require dog assistance.
  • Mounted Operations Unit—Operations utilizing Horses.
  • Forensic Services Branch—Handles forensics and investigative services.
  • Band of the South Australia Police - Provides Musical support to corporate and State functions.

Ranking and structure

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See also: Australian police ranks
Constables and Non-Commissioned Officers[38]
Probationary
Constable		 Constable First Class
Constable		 Senior
Constable		 Senior Constable
First Class		 Brevet
Sergeant		 Sergeant Senior
Sergeant		 Senior Sergeant
First Class
Sa-police-probationary-constable.png Sa-police-probationary-constable.png Sa-police-constable.png Sa-police-first-class-constable.png Sa-police-senior-constable.png Sa-police-brevet-sergeant.png Sa-police-sergeant.png Sa-police-senior-sergeant1.png Sa-police-senior-sergeant-first-class.png

All grades of Constable perform the same basic range of duties, with the rank only reflecting experience. The rank of Probationary Constable is held for the first fifteen months of service. A First Class Constable is qualified for promotion to Senior Constable. A Senior Constable First Class is either an officer qualified for promotion to Sergeant/Senior Sergeant or has won a Senior Constable First Class position on merit. A Brevet Sergeant is a temporary designation for an officer in a particular position which would require specialised skills, such as a Detective,

A Sergeant normally manages a team during a shift. A Sergeant may also manage a small country station. A Detective Sergeant is normally in charge of a team in an investigations section. As with a Sergeant, a Detective Sergeant may be the officer in charge of a country CIB unit. A Senior Sergeant is the officer in charge of a section, including traffic, criminal investigation, and operations (uniform). A Senior Sergeant traditionally does more administrative work than active patrol duties.

Police Officer's wearing the old pale blue uniform. Phased out in 2012, the new uniform is dark navy blue. Country staff still have the choice of wearing khaki
Officers of Police[38]
Inspector Chief
Inspector		 Superintendent Chief
Superintendent		 Commander Assistant
Commissioner		 Deputy
Commissioner		 Commissioner
Sa-police-inspector.png Sa-police-chief-inspector.png Sa-police-superintendent.png Sa-police-chief-superintendent.png Sa-police-commander.png Sa-police-assistant-commissioner.png Sa-police-deputy-commissioner.png Sa-police-commissioner.png

Officers of Police were formerly known as Commissioned Officers. This name was changed as SAPOL Officers no longer receive a Queen's Commission. Officers of Police act primarily as managers and generally do not partake in operational policing. An Inspector is in charge of a section. A Detective Inspector is normally in charge of the whole station CIB. A uniform Inspector is normally in charge of the station's operations.

A Chief Inspector commands a department at station level. A uniform Chief Inspector is in charge of all uniformed officers, regardless of their attachments to assigned areas (e.g. general duties, traffic duties etc.). Some country LSA's have Chief Inspectors as the Regional Commander. A Detective Chief Inspector is in charge of all CIB related matters.

Superintendents, Chief Superintendents and Commanders may be the manager of a Local Service Area or Branch, such as the Major Crime Branch. An LSA Commander is generally a Superintendent. A Chief Superintendent may be the manager of a specialised area, such as a Service Coordination Branch. Few Commanders are appointed. The Industrial Relations Branch has a Commander as its officer in charge.

An Assistant Commissioner is the manager of a Service, such as Northern Operations Service or Crime Service.

The Deputy Commissioner is the assistant to the Commissioner, who commands the force.

Uniform and equipment

Old South Australia Police patch.

Uniform worn by sworn officers of SAPOL

SAPOL issues uniforms to sworn police officers. Police officers working in non-specialised areas generally wear standard uniform, which consists of a navy blue collared shirt with attached police badges and navy blue slacks. Short and long sleeve shirts are worn as preferred. Police officers can choose between either a dark blue peaked hat, or an Akubra wide brimmed hat and are not required to wear a tie. Baseball caps are worn in specialist areas, including STAR Group, Crime Scene, State Traffic Enforcement Section, and by Operational Safety Trainers. Officers in northern country areas wear khaki uniforms instead of blue.

In 2010 SAPOL started consultations on a new darker uniform reminiscent of those worn by officers of the NYPD. In 2012 SAPOL announced the new uniform would be introduced in mid October 2012 and would be rolled out over 18 months.[39] The only visible change from the consultation period was to the Peaked cap. The white peak was changed to the same dark blue as the shirt and pants, which is called ink blue.

Operational equipment carried and used by officers

The standard issue SA Police firearms is the Smith & Wesson M&P in .40 S&W while CIB officers are issued with the compact version of that semi-automatic pistol.

Other equipment issued to officers are OC spray, ASP Extendable Baton and Hiatts handcuffs. Special Tasks and Rescue (STAR Group) officers have also been issued with the Smith & Wesson M&P. As of 2014 all officers are now issued with Tasers that can be used against unarmed combatants. Prior to 2014 officers were only allowed to have a Taser in the boot of their patrol car and could only remove it if they were confronted with an armed offender.

Specialised units such as STAR Group use other equipment suited to the nature of their duties.

SA Police were among the last to carry revolvers as a duty weapon. They carried Smith & Wesson Model 66 (a variant of the Model 19) revolvers in .357 Magnum until the switch to the Smith & Wesson M&P semi automatic. Victoria also later replaced their .38 special S&W Model 10 revolvers with the Smith & Wesson M&P .40 in 2010.

Vehicles and transportation

SAPOL Commodore Omega patrol vehicle. Used for general operations and traffic services.
File:Police radio console.jpg
Standard equipment in a patrol vehicle
Old SAPOL VZ Commodore Patrol Car. Now replaced by the Holden Omega.

SAPOL officers use a number of vehicles in day-to-day duties. The primary vehicle used by patrol members are modified Holden Commodore. Also used are Ford, Toyota Camry, Toyota Hilux and Holden Colorado caged vehicles for prisoner transport. In remote country areas, Toyota Land Cruiser Troop Carriers are used as primary patrol vehicles. Patrol cars are used in both marked and unmarked variants, with the latter being a bit more extensive in its vehicle composition. SAPOL have also, in previous years, used high performance vehicles such as Holden's SS Commodore for traffic operations, However, in recent years they have only maintained a fleet of distinctly marked Holden Omegas to perform traffic duties.

Members of the State Traffic Enforcement Section ride marked and unmarked Honda and BMW motorcycles for traffic, escort, and other duties.

Usage of police vehicles

SAPOL have the use of several Police Operations Vehicles which are used in a wide variety of ways, for example, as a mobile police station/unit at a large public function, or as forward command posts at search and rescues, or other incidents such as siege or hostage situations. The Special Tasks and Rescue Group (STAR Group) also possess a Lenco BearCat armoured vehicle available for use in siege or terrorist situations.[40]

Specialized operational vehicles

The SAPOL Water Operations Unit uses a number of watercraft to police coastal and inland waterways. Members of STAR Group and Transit Services Branch act as crew members on a Eurocopter EC130 helicopter operated by the Motor Accident Commission Rescue Helicopter Service.[41] Officers also crew other helicopters operated by the MAC Rescue Helicopter Service dependent on the mission. Helicopters are multi-role and are used for search and rescue operations, crime prevention and police pursuits.[41]

For ceremonial activities, crowd control and patrol duties, the SAPOL Mounted Operations Unit use grey horses. They are bred and trained at the Thebarton Police Barracks, just outside the central business district of Adelaide. These Police 'Greys' as they are known, are ideal for Police work as the light grey tones make the horse highly visible at night. They are also highly recognisable in the community and are often involved in community events such as leading the annual Adelaide Christmas Pageant and ANZAC day parade.[42]

Training and education

Recruit training is conducted at the SAPOL Police Academy located adjacent to the old Fort Largs barracks in the western Adelaide suburb of Taperoo. Cadets undergo a 52-week course, called the 'Constable Development Program' (CDP).[43] The CDP is broken down into 5 phases, which includes training at the Police Academy and field experience at metropolitan LSAs.[43] Police cadets learn law, about investigations and police procedures. During recruit training, non-officers(police staff and volunteers) assist with various duties, such as cadet assessment, role playing and general administration. Cadets also undertake operational safety training, including self-defence and the use of firearms. Practical role-playing and assessments are part of the course.[43] Training with police dogs and police horses is offered at the Police Barracks at Thebarton. Earlier on, training was being held a the older Academy located next to the present one.

Graduation and aftermath for new officers

Cadets graduate with the rank of probationary constable and are subject to a 15-month period of on-the-job training.[44] Probationary Constables are required to work with a Field Tutor for the first 6 months of the probationary period whilst they complete a Personal Learning Portfolio.[44] Probationary Constables also undertake a range of duties to enhance their learning, including traffic, prisoner management, and general duties. For the following 6 months, probationary constables continue to collect evidence of their workplace competency before attended the Probationary Constable Assessment Workshop to determine whether they are suitable to progress to the rank of Constable.[44] Upon completion of the probationary period, officers receive a Diploma of Public Safety (Policing) and are appointed to the rank of Constable.[44]

Training is ongoing and further courses are available for officers to attend, should they wish to progress their policing career further.

SAPOL Protective Security Officers also undergo training at this location. The duration of this training course is only 12 weeks.

Radio communications

SAPOL refers to the communications operation as VKA. At 0400 hours (or 4am) on Tuesday the 10th of December 2002, SAPOL officially switched from standard 64 UHF channels to the SAGRN. This utilized digital encrypted radio transmissions meaning that scanners could not listen to police communications. While at first there seemed to be technical issues with the new system, they were quickly resolved and the department now has full trust in the system.

SAPOL still have UHF licenses and its plausible they are available as back-up communication channels. SAPOL uses three primary devices for voice communication over the network. They are Spectra W7 mobile, XTS 5000 portable and Spectra W3 mobile. These can be controlled via the RCH3000 desktop controller, used in fixed locations generally by trained operators.

These devices have a number of features that a regularly used in patrols. These features include private call, page alert and telephone interconnect.

Private call allows unit's to directly talk to another unit without dispatch, or other users in the talkgroup to hear. However, this comes with the inability for dispatch to contact either unit. Page function alerts another radio that someone else is attempting to contact them. Telephone interconnect enables units to make and answers calls through the system. However, only supervisors have the ability to make and answer to any number, general patrols are restricted to only a list of certified SAPOL numbers. Each LSA has two assigned 'talkgroups'.

COMCEN (Communications) have assigned talkgroup id's, allowing them to pair a LSA's primary and secondary talkgroups together allowing control to manage two channels at once. The Secondary channel is often used for local/chat, dispatch lowers the volume of the secondary channel which enables them to monitor the channels and talk to all units on duty in the LSA.[45]

Call signs and unit designation identification system

SAPOL use location-based call signs. Units are called in by stating the station they come from followed by a designated number.

An example; a unit in Holden Hill could be Holden Hill 16. Traffic Services place a zero (0) before the number. E.g. Holden Hill 016 would be a traffic patrol in Holden Hill with the call sign 16. Higher-ranked officers have a different prefix. This is followed after the station name, and before the unit number.

Sergeant = Vixen

Senior Sergeant = Mitre

Inspector / Chief Inspector = Trojan

Superintendent / Chief Superintendent = Baron

An example is; Holden Hill Mitre 10 is a Senior Sergeant in Holden Hill with the unit number 10.[46]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Position titled 'Officer in Charge of the South Australia Police Force'.
  3. ↑ Max Slee Inman : first commander of the South Australia Police, Seaview Press (Adelaide 2010) ISBN 978-1-74008-559-5.
  4. ↑ First to be titled 'Commissioner'. Resigned in order to serve as Police Magistrate.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Later the first Premier of South Australia.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ A veteran of the Portuguese Liberal Wars (1828-1834), Tolmer had been awarded by Queen Maria II of Portugal with the Knight of the Order of the Tower and Sword.
  9. ↑ Dismissed from office.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Died in office.
  12. ↑ Crushed the Port Adelaide wharf strike of 1928. Knighted in 1945.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Dismissed by Premier Don Dunstan for misleading parliament about the existence of the Special Branch and the information it had collected, particularly on Australian Labor Party politicians and the 'pink files' on known homosexuals.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ https://www.police.sa.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ http://www.sascan.net.au/?page=infPages/infPolice
  46. ↑ http://www.sascan.net.au/?page=infPages/policeCallsigns

External links

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