Soyuz TM-13

Soyuz TM-13

Mission duration	175 days, 2 hours, 51 minutes, 44 seconds
Orbits completed	~2,730
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	Soyuz-TM
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb)
Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Alexander Volkov
Launching	Toktar Aubakirov Franz Viehböck
Landing	Sergei Krikalev Klaus-Dietrich Flade
Callsign	Донба́сс (Donbass)
Start of mission
Launch date	October 2, 1991, 05:59:38 (1991-10-02UTC05:59:38Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U2
End of mission
Landing date	March 25, 1992, 08:51:22 (1992-03-25UTC08:51:23Z) UTC
Landing site	near Dzhezkazgan
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	195 kilometres (121 mi)
Apogee	232 kilometres (144 mi)
Inclination	51.7 degrees
Period	92.4 minutes
Docking with Mir
Soyuz programme (Manned missions) ← Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-14 →

Soyuz TM-13 was the 13th expedition to Mir space station. It included an astronaut from Austria and a cosmonaut from the soon-to-be independent region of Kazakhstan.

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	/ Alexander Volkov Third spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut/Flight Engineer	Toktar Aubakirov First spaceflight	/ Sergei Krikalev Second spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Franz Viehböck First spaceflight	Klaus-Dietrich Flade First spaceflight

Mission highlights

Soyuz-TM 13 carried Austrian cosmonaut-researcher Franz Viehböck and still Soviet-Kazakh cosmonaut-researcher Toktar Aubakirov. The flight was unusual for carrying no flight engineer. Veteran Russian cosmonaut Alexandr Volkov commanded. The Austrians paid $7 million to fly Viehböck to Mir, and the Kazakh cosmonaut flew partly in an effort to encourage Kazakhstan to continue to permit launchings from Baikonur Cosmodrome. The cosmonaut-researchers photographed their respective countries from orbit and conducted the usual range of materials processing and medical experiments. Artsebarsky traded places with Volkov and returned to Earth in Soyuz TM-12.

Spent 175 days docked to Mir.

Sergei Krikalev and Alexandr Volkov, aka "the last Citizens of the USSR", launched from the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, and landed in the independent Republic of Kazakhstan.