Steamboat Bill Jr.

Steamboat Bill, Jr.
215px Swedish film poster (detail)
Directed by	Charles Reisner Buster Keaton (uncredited)
Produced by	Joseph M. Schenck
Written by	Carl Harbaugh Buster Keaton (uncredited)
Starring	Buster Keaton
Cinematography	Bert Haines Devereaux Jennings
Edited by	Sherman Kell
Distributed by	United Artists
Release dates	May 12, 1928 (1928-05-12) (US)
Running time	71 minutes
Country	United States
Language	Silent film English intertitles

Steamboat Bill, Jr.

Steamboat Bill, Jr. is a 1928 feature-length comedy silent film featuring Buster Keaton. Released by United Artists, the film is the last product of Keaton's independent production team and set of gag writers. It was not a box-office success and proved to be the last picture Keaton would make for United Artists. Keaton would end up moving to MGM where he would make one last film with his trademark style, The Cameraman, before all of his creative control was taken away by the studio.

The director was Charles Reisner, the credited writer was Carl Harbaugh (although Keaton wrote the film and publicly called Harbaugh useless but "on the payroll"), and also featured Ernest Torrence, Marion Byron, and Tom Lewis.

The film was named after a popular Arthur Collins 1911 song, "Steamboat Bill".

Plot summary

William "Steamboat Bill" Canfield is the owner and captain of a paddle steamer that has seen better days. He eagerly awaits the arrival of his college student son, whom he has not seen since the lad was a baby. Expecting a big, husky man like himself to help him compete with businessman John James King and his brand new, luxurious riverboat, he is sorely disappointed with his slight, awkward offspring, who shows up with a pencil moustache, a ukulele and a beret. He becomes outraged when he discovers that his son and King's daughter Kitty, also visiting her father, are in love. Both business rivals are determined to break up the relationship.

When Canfield's ship is condemned as unsafe, he accuses King of orchestrating it. He assaults his enemy and is put in jail. His son tries to free him by bringing him a loaf of bread with tools hidden inside, but his scheme is detected. The sheriff hits Canfield, Jr. on the head, sending him to the hospital.

Then a cyclone hits, tearing down buildings and endangering the ships. As Canfield, Jr. makes his way through the town, a building front falls all around him - Keaton's best known stunt. He reaches his father's ship and rescues first Kitty (stranded on a floating house), then his father (by ramming the ship into the sinking jail, which has also been blown into the river), and finally Kitty's father. When Kitty goes to her hero, she is puzzled when he jumps into the water. However, his purpose becomes clear when he returns, towing a minister in a lifebuoy.

Cast

• Buster Keaton as William Canfield, Jr.
• Ernest Torrence as William "Steamboat Bill" Canfield, Sr.
• Marion Byron as Kitty King
• Tom McGuire as John James King
• Tom Lewis as Tom Carter
• James T. Mack as the Minister (uncredited)

Production

The cyclone sequence was shot in Sacramento, California. Original plans called for an ending with a flood sequence, but the devastating 1927 Mississippi River Flood caused a rewrite on short notice. $135,000 worth of breakaway street sets were built on a riverbank, to be systematically destroyed with six powerful Liberty-motor wind machines and a 120-foot (37 m) crane. Keaton himself, who calculated and performed his own stunts, was suspended on a cable from the crane which hurled him from place to place as if airborne.

The sequence is punctuated by Keaton's single most famous stunt: He stands in the street, making his way through the destruction, when an entire building facade collapses onto him. The open attic window fits neatly around Keaton's body as it falls, coming within inches of flattening him. (Keaton had performed a similar, though smaller scale, stunt eight years earlier in the short film One Week). Keaton did the stunt himself with a real, two-ton building facade and no trickery. It has been claimed that if he had stood just inches off the correct spot, Keaton would have been seriously injured or killed. Keaton's third wife Eleanor suggested that he took such risks due to despair over financial problems, his failing first marriage, the imminent loss of his filmmaking independence, and recklessness borne of his worsening alcohol abuse at the time. Evidence that Keaton was suicidal, however, is scant -- he was known throughout his career for performing dangerous stunts independent of any difficulties in his personal life, including a fall from a railroad water tower tube in 1924's Sherlock, Jr. in which his neck was fractured.

theatrical poster

The famous window stunt has been re-created several times on film and television (although with lighter materials and more contemporary safety measures in place) including the 1991 MacGyver episode "Deadly Silents" and the 2004 Arrested Development episode "The One Where They Build a House" (performed by the show's character named Buster). Legendary Hong Kong film star Jackie Chan has often cited Keaton's acrobatics—and this stunt in particular—as one of his primary influences.

It is claimed that an early version of the film showed the perpetually stone-faced Keaton with a wide grin during the final scene and that the gag tested very poorly and was cut. No footage of the scene is known to have survived and the story may be apocryphal as the final scene could only have been shot once due to the elaborate set-up required for the falling building.

It is one of the few Keaton films to reference his fame. At the time of filming, he had stopped wearing his trademark pork pie hat with a short flat crown. During an early scene in which his character tries on various hats (something that was copied several times in other films), he tries on several pork pie hats similar to the one he generally wore, but with higher crowns or wider brims or of slightly different colors. The character briefly has the trademark cap set on his head, but quickly rejects it, tossing it away.

Reception

Steamboat Bill, Jr. received mixed reviews upon its release. Variety described the film as "a pip of a comedy" and "one of Keaton's best." The reviewer from The Film Spectator appointed it "as perhaps the best comedy of the year thus far" and advised "exhibitors should go after it." A less enthusiastic review from Harrison's Reports stated "there are many situations all the way through that cause laughs" while noting that "the plot is nonsensical." Morduant Hall of the New York Times called the film a "gloomy comedy" and a "sorry affair."

Over the years, Steamboat Bill, Jr. has become regarded as a masterpiece of its era. Currently, review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 16 reviews, with an average score of 9.1/10, with an audience rating above 90%. The film was included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.

Many modern audiences may be most familiar with the film for its inspiring the title of Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie (1928), released six months later and considered the debut of Mickey Mouse.

See also

• Buster Keaton filmography
• Steamboat Willie
• The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore
• Volga-Volga

External links

• Steamboat Bill Jr. at IMDb
• Steamboat Bill Jr. is available for free download at the Internet Archive
• Steamboat Bill Jr. at AllMovie
• Steamboat Bill Jr. at Rotten Tomatoes
• Steamboat Bill Jr. at the TCM Movie Database
• Steamboat Bill, Jr. at the International Buster Keaton Society
• Choice clips from this Public Domain classic (in Windows and Real Media format)