Strigolactone
Strigolactones are plant hormones that stimulate the branching and growth of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increasing the probability of contact and establishment of a symbiotic association between the plant and fungus.[1][2] Strigolactones also inhibit plant shoot branching,[3][4] and trigger germination of parasitic plant seeds (for example Striga, from which they gained their name).[5] Strigolactones are carotenoid-derived and contain a labile ether bond that is easily hydrolyzed in the rhizosphere, meaning that there is a large concentration gradient between areas near the root and those further away. In 2009, strigolactone biosynthesis was found to be DWARF27-dependent.[6]
Contents
Naming
Strigolactones were first discovered in Striga lutea (witchweed), a parasitic weed that lacks the ability to photosynthesize. Such plants use Strigolactones exuded from the roots of host plants as a cue for germination. Such mechanism enables them to germinate close to a suitable host.[7]
Chemistry
Strigolactones are terpenoid lactones and are derived from carotenoids.
| Chemical structure and numbering of (+)-strigol | Chemical structure and numbering of strigyl acetate |
| (+)-Strigol | (+)-Strigyl acetate |
| Chemical structure and numbering of orobanchol | Chemical structure and numbering of orobanchyl acetate |
| (+)-Orobanchol | (+)-Orobanchyl acetate |
| Chemical structure and numbering of 5-deoxystrigol | Chemical structure and numbering of sorgolactone |
| (+)-5-Deoxystrigol | Sorgolactone |
See also
References
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