Tess (film)

Tess
File:TessPoster.jpg Original theatrical release film poster
Directed by	Roman Polanski
Produced by	Claude Berri
Written by	Gerard Brach John Brownjohn Roman Polanski
Based on	Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy
Starring	Nastassja Kinski Peter Firth Leigh Lawson
Music by	Philippe Sarde
Cinematography	Ghislain Cloquet Geoffrey Unsworth
Edited by	Alastair McIntyre Tom Priestly
Production company	Renn Productions Timothy Burrill Productions SFP
Distributed by	Columbia Pictures
Release dates	31 October 1979 (1979-10-31) (France) 12 December 1980 (1980-12-12) (USA) 9 April 1981 (1981-04-09) (UK)
Running time	186 min
Country	France United Kingdom
Language	English
Budget	$12 million (est.)
Box office	$20.1 million

Tess is a 1979 drama film directed by Roman Polanski, an adaptation of Thomas Hardy's 1891 novel Tess of the d'Urbervilles. It tells the story of a country girl descended from a noble line who, when she makes contact with the apparent head of the family, is seduced and left pregnant. After her baby dies, she meets a man who abandons her on their wedding night when she confesses her past. Desperate, she returns to her seducer and murders him. The screenplay was written by Gérard Brach, John Brownjohn, and Roman Polanski. The film won three Academy Award Oscars out of a total of six Oscar nominations.

Plot

The story takes place in Thomas Hardy's Wessex during the Victorian period.

Its events are set in motion when a clergyman, Parson Tringham, has a conversation with a simple farmer, John Durbeyfield. Tringham is a local historian; in the course of his research, he has discovered that the "Durbeyfields" are descended from the d'Urbervilles, a noble family whose lineage extends to the time of William the Conqueror. It is useless knowledge, as the family lost its land and prestige when the male heirs died out. The parson thinks Durbeyfield might like to know his origins as a passing historical curiosity.

Durbeyfield immediately becomes fixated upon the idea of regaining his lost nobility, and using it to somehow better his family's fortunes. To this end, he sends his daughter Tess to seek employment with a family named d'Urberville living in a nearby manor house. Alec d'Urberville is delighted to meet his beautiful cousin, and he tries to seduce her with strawberries and roses. But Alec is no relation to Tess; he has gotten his illustrious name and coat of arms by purchasing them. Alec falls in love with Tess and eventually rapes her.

She returns home pregnant, but the baby is born sickly and dies. Some time later, Tess goes to a dairy farm and begins work as a milkmaid. She meets her true love: Angel Clare, an aspiring young farmer from a respectable family. He believes Tess to be an unspoiled country girl, and completely innocent. They fall in love, but Tess does not confess her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night. Disillusioned, Angel rejects her.

Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec d'Urberville again. At first, she angrily rebuffs his advances. But after her father's death, the Durbeyfield family falls upon desperately hard times, facing starvation, eviction and homelessness. Tess is forced to resume her relationship with Alec, becoming his mistress in order to support her mother and siblings.

Shortly afterwards, Angel Clare returns from travelling abroad. A disastrous missionary tour in Brazil has ruined his health. Humbled, and having had plenty of time to think, he feels remorse for his treatment of Tess. He succeeds in tracking her down but leaves heartbroken when he finds her living with Alec. Tess realizes that going back to Alec has ruined her chances of happiness with Angel, and murders Alec.

Running away to find Angel, Tess is reconciled with him; he can finally accept and embrace her as his wife without passing moral judgment on her actions. They consummate their marriage, spending two nights of happiness together on the run from the law before Tess is captured sleeping at Stonehenge. An ending summary tells that she is convicted and hanged for murder.

Cast

• Nastassja Kinski as Tess Durbeyfield
• Peter Firth as Angel Clare
• Leigh Lawson as Alec Stokes-d'Urberville
• John Collin as John Durbeyfield
• Rosemary Martin as Mrs. Durbeyfield
• Carolyn Pickles as Marian
• Richard Pearson as Vicar of Marlott
• David Markham as Reverend Clare
• Pascale de Boysson as Mrs. Clare
• Suzanna Hamilton as Izz Huett
• Caroline Embling as Retty
• Tony Church as Parson Tringham
• Sylvia Coleridge as Mrs. d'Urberville
• Fred Bryant as Dairyman Crick
• Tom Chadbon as Cuthbert Clare
• Arielle Dombasle as Mercy Chant
• Dicken Ashworth as Farmer Groby
• Lesley Dunlop as Girl in henhouse

Production

Polanski was inspired to make the film by his wife Sharon Tate, who gave him a copy of Tess of the d'Urbervilles. She said it would make a great film and expressed interest in playing the part of Tess. It was the last time Polanski saw her, as he was departing for Europe and she was murdered by The Manson Family while he was away. The film is dedicated to her.

Polanski wrote the screenplay in French with his usual collaborator Gérard Brach, then it was translated and expanded by John Brownjohn. The story line largely follows that of the book, although the role of the sexual predator Alec d'Urberville is toned down.

Costumes for the film were designed by Anthony Powell. He received his third Academy Award for this work.

Set in Dorset, England, the film was shot at various locations in France : first of all Normandy (Cotentin, la Hague : Omonville-la-Rogue, Éculleville, Sainte-Croix-Hague, le Vast, Bricquebec and Saint-Jacques-de-Néhou), then in Brittany (Locronan, le Leslay) and Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Condette). Polanski was living in Europe as he was wanted as a fugitive after conviction for sex with an underage girl in the United States. He had fled before sentencing and could have been extradited to the US from the United Kingdom.

Polanski intended the film to reflect an ancient peasant culture, which he had seen in Poland during World War II after fleeing the Kraków ghetto. The scenes also refer to the genre painting of the French artists, Georges de La Tour and Gustave Courbet, of the 17th and 19th centuries, respectively. Andrew Pulver of The Guardian has compared this element of the film to Terence Malick's evocation of American agricultural work in his Days of Heaven.

During the third month of shooting, on 28 October 1978, the cinematographer Geoffrey Unsworth died of a heart attack. Most of the scenes he had shot were exteriors that occur in the first half of the film. Ghislain Cloquet shot the remainder of the film, including most of the interior scenes. Both Unsworth and Cloquet were nominated and won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. Cloquet alone was nominated for the César Award for Cinematography, which he won.

Music

The original musical score was composed by Philippe Sarde. The melody played by the character Clare on a recorder is a popular Polish folk song, "Laura i Filon".

Alternate versions

The film premiered in France in 1979 at a length of 186 minutes. Polanski writes in his autobiography that he felt that cut was incomplete, rushed to meet the release date. The film premiered in 1980 in the US at a re-edited length of 170 minutes. Later overseas releases of the film theatrically and on home video ran as little as 136 minutes. The 170 minute US cut is Polanski's approved version of the film. This version was recently restored in 4K from the original negative under Polanski's supervision and he attended its premiere at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

Release

Tess was released in theaters in the United States on 12 December 1980. During its entire theatrical run, the film grossed little over $20 million in the United States ($60 million in 2014 dollars), which made it 33rd highest grossing film of 1980.

Critical Reception

In a review in The New York Times, Janet Maslin described Tess as "a lovely, lyrical, unexpectedly delicate movie". It’s one of Polanski’s rare love stories, and one of his most highly acclaimed works. Tess received positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an 85% "fresh" rating based on 20 reviews.

Accolades

Tess was nominated for six awards, including Best Picture, at the 53rd Academy Awards and won three. It was also nominated for four Golden Globe Awards (winning two), three British Academy Film Awards (winning one) and six César Awards (winning three).

Award	Category	Winner(s) and nominee(s)	Outcome
53rd Academy Awards	Best Picture	Claude Berri	Nominated
	Best Director	Roman Polanski	Nominated
	Best Original Score	Philippe Sarde	Nominated
	Best Art Direction	Pierre Guffroy and Jack Stephens	Won
	Best Cinematography	Geoffrey Unsworth and Ghislain Cloquet	Won
	Best Costume Design	Anthony Powell	Won
35th BAFTA Film Awards	Best Cinematography	Geoffrey Unsworth and Ghislain Cloquet	Won
	Best Production Design	Pierre Guffroy	Nominated
	Best Costume Design	Anthony Powell	Nominated
5th César Awards	Best Film	Roman Polanski	Won
	Best Director	Roman Polanski	Won
	Best Cinematography	Ghislain Cloquet	Won
	Best Actress	Nastassja Kinski	Nominated
	Best Production Design	Pierre Guffroy	Nominated
	Best Music Written for a Film	Philippe Sarde	Nominated
38th Golden Globe Awards	Best Director – Motion Picture	Roman Polanski	Nominated
	Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama	Nastassja Kinski	Nominated
	Best Foreign Film	France	Won
	New Star of the Year – Female	Nastassja Kinski	Won

External links

• Tess at IMDb
• Tess at AllMovie
• Tess at Box Office Mojo
• Tess at Rotten Tomatoes