Town centre
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The town centre is the term used to refer to the commercial or geographical centre or core area of a town.
Town centres are traditionally associated with shopping or retail. They are also the centre of communications with major public transport hubs such as train or bus stations. Public buildings including town halls, museums and libraries are often found in town centres.
Town centres are symbolic to settlements as a whole and often contain the best examples of architecture, main landmark buildings, statues and public spaces associated with a place.
Canada
In some areas of Canada, particularly large, urban areas, town centres refer to alternate commercial areas to the city's downtown. These centres are usually located within a large neighbourhood and characterized by medium-high density commercial and residential property.[1]
Ireland
The town mall historically consisted of a principal thoroughfare usually known as High Street or Main Street in Ireland (Main Street America being a loosely similar equivalent to town centre in the US) or a town square or triangle of a settlement where commercial activities took place such as markets.
In the mid-1990s, the entry of many, mostly British, multiples into the Republic of Ireland because of its rising economy and the shared language and similar currencies led to sensitivities expressed in the media (like The Irish Times) that Irish Main Streets in cities and town centres would lose their character and, worse (from the history as a small nation beside a large, previously dominant, neighbour), would become indiscernible from English ('boring') regional town/city 'high streets'.
Ten years or so later, in the cities and larger towns at least, much of that has come to pass (although, to an extent, only because both countries accommodate many of the same global chains). The term High Street is often employed even though it makes much less sense in the Main Street in the Irish context.
United Kingdom
The first example in the UK of a purposely planned commercial or town centre is Newcastle's Grainger Town in the 1840s.
As changes in shopping patterns occurred, town centres have been forced to adapt and meet those changes. Comprehensive redevelopment of many British town centres occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, which often resulted in development of larger store formats, often with modernist styles of architecture significantly different from their surroundings.
Other major changes included the development of indoor shopping malls in major towns and cities. Examples include the Manchester Arndale Centre, the St. James Centre in Edinburgh and the Bullring Centre in Birmingham. They tended to be constructed in a Brutalist or Modernist fashion reflecting the architectural styles of the period.
During the Thatcher government of the 1980s, a change in planning policy allowed competing out-of-town shopping and leisure centres to be developed. Examples include the Metro Centre in Gateshead, the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in Dudley, and the Gyle Centre in Edinburgh. Developments of this type have, in a number of places, resulted in a decline in traditional town centres.
The preponderance of chain stores using the same corporate identity, livery and so on in most or all of their outlets has led to a lack of diversity in many towns and cities, with the phrase clone town being used.
Today, there is a focus on the redevelopment of town centres and the creation of a greater mix of uses in the centres. Planning policy focus aims to maintain town centres as vibrant successful places, which are accessible to everyone by means other than the private car.[1][2]
Many town centres have undergone major redevelopment, with environmental improvements and increased retail floorspace. Major town centre shopping malls, such as the Arndale Centre and the Bullring Centre, have also undergone major redevelopment to improve their image.
See also
Notes
References
- Ayris, I (1997) A City of Palaces
- Cowling, D (1997) An Essay for Today- The Making of the Scottish New Towns 1946-1996
- Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2005) PPS6- Planning for Town Centres
- Scottish Executive (2006) SPP8- Town Centres & Retailing
